Deck 15: Individual Behaviour

Question 1

Building an inclusive work environment that allows everyone to reach his or her potential is called __________.

A) employee development
B) open management
C) management training
D) managing diversity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

__________ refers to the efforts of the leadership in an organization toward committing the organization to hiring and advancing minorities and women.

A) Diversity exclusion
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Pluralism
D) Affirmative action

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The extent to which an organization is open to hiring anyone who can perform a specific job is called __________.

A) exclusivity
B) discrimination
C) diversity
D) inclusivity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A company that is based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity is called a __________.

A) multinational organization
B) multicultural organization
C) business franchise organization
D) government subsidized organization

Question 5

An organization is multicultural when:

A) its key values and policies are designed by the members of majority culture.
B) minority-culture members are represented at all levels.
C) the members of majority and minority cultures develop distinct groups.
D) its training and task force activities enforce cultural bias.

Question 6

Which of the following subcultures form among people of similar age groups?

A) Occupational subcultures
B) Gender subcultures
C) Generational subcultures
D) National subcultures

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a multicultural organization?

A) Pluralism
B) Structural integration
C) Informal network integration
D) Prejudice

Question 8

Jason argues that his membership group is superior to every other one. His belief is called:

A) ethnocentrism.
B) pluralism.
C) self-involvement.
D) self-indulgence.

Question 9

Which of the following statements points to the existence of glass ceilings in organizations?

A) In most organizations, power is distributed equally across management functions.
B) Women have finally erased all social barriers while minorities still face them.
C) Most organizations encourage women and minorities to stay with them for a long term.
D) Most top executives in large organizations are older, white males and there is little opportunity for others.

Question 10

__________ occurs when minorities adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.

A) Ecological fallacy
B) Transformation
C) Cultural diversity
D) Biculturalism

Question 11

Bill is at a business dinner meeting in India. When his Indian associates light up a cigarette after the meal, he feels offended as his cultural values discourage such practices. He then lectures his colleagues on the evils of smoking and walks out of the restaurant. In this scenario, Bill is guilty of __________.

A) subcultural preference
B) ethnocentrism
C) monochronic behavior
D) polychronic behavior

Question 12

The __________ is a hidden barrier to the advancement of women and minorities.

A) invisible wall
B) glass ceiling
C) double-bind
D) leaking pipeline

Question 13

The problem with subcultures in organizations is that:

A) they tend to form informally.
B) ethnocentric tendencies cause members to look down on outsiders.
C) they are formed by individuals with similar characteristics.
D) members identify more closely to them than to the larger organization.

Question 14

An organization that is mature about diversity should be able to answer a confident "yes" to all of the following questions EXCEPT:

A) Do you understand diversity concepts?
B) Do you accept responsibility for improving your performance?
C) Are you willing to learn continuously?
D) Are you willing to encourage glass ceilings?

Question 15

The four types of subcultures are ____________, ethnic, generational, and gender subcultures.

A) historical
B) national
C) occupational
D) international

Question 16

Which of the following conditions occurs when glass ceilings and other obstacles cause qualified and high-performing women to drop out of upward career paths?

A) The leaking pipeline problem
B) The revolving door syndrome
C) The double-bond dilemma
D) The glass closet problem

Question 17

The three steps in Roosevelt Thomas' continuum of leadership approaches to diversity are affirmative action, __________, and managing diversity.

A) leadership policy
B) diversity regulations
C) valuing differences
D) equal employment

Question 18

__________ describes differences in people's race, age, gender, and other individual factors.

A) Dichotomy
B) Detail
C) Diversity
D) Department

Question 19

__________ are groupings of people based on shared demographic and job identities.

A) Organizational departments
B) Organizational divisions
C) Organizational subcultures
D) Organizational hierarchies

Question 20

__________ refers to high turnover among minorities and women.

A) The revolving door syndrome
B) The glass ceiling effect
C) Ethnocentrism
D) An organizational subculture

Question 21

The confusion and discomfort that a person experiences when in an unfamiliar culture is called __________.

A) cultural diversity
B) ecological fallacy
C) proxemics
D) culture shock

Question 22

Sara, the director of human resources at Worldwide Products Inc., insists on training managers on anti-discriminatory practices and on establishing an inclusive, diverse environment in the company. In this scenario, Sara's attempts to illustrate __________.

A) discriminate among her employees
B) manage diversity
C) emphasize value management
D) emphasize biculturalism

Question 23

The stages of adjusting to a new culture do NOT include:

A) irritation and anger.
B) honeymoon.
C) reality.
D) power and distance.

Question 24

_________ is the study of how people use interpersonal space.

A) Ethnocentrism
B) Inter-space
C) Proxemics
D) Ecology

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with high cultural intelligence?

A) High cultural self-awareness
B) Flexibility in dealing with cultural differences
C) Willingness to learn about the unfamiliar culture
D) Consistency and commitment to maintain one's native cultural behaviors

Question 26

Vince, a middle manager at United Imports Inc., is on a business trip to Japan to visit a major supplier. After work, his Japanese hosts take him to a Japanese barbecue restaurant. Vince is very uncomfortable with the dishes served in the restaurant and does not know what to do. Vince is experiencing ________.

A) culture shock
B) biculturalism
C) the revolving door syndrome
D) the leaking pipeline problem

Question 27

___________ is the most productive end of the diversity leadership continuum which involves active inclusion of diversity in organizational operations with a goal of multiculturalism.

A) Workplace diversity
B) Managing diversity
C) Affirmative action
D) Biculturalism

Question 28

In which of the following stages of adjusting to an unfamiliar culture does an individual engage in cultural immersion and view local ways positively?

A) Confusion
B) Reality
C) Small victories
D) Honeymoon

Question 29

The first stage in adjusting to a new culture is __________.

A) irritation and anger
B) honeymoon
C) confusion
D) reality

Question 30

Bryan has just moved to Japan from the United States. He currently feels overwhelmed by the new culture, and it has become a target of his criticism. Which of the following stages of adjusting to a new culture does Bryan's condition illustrate?

A) Confusion
B) Irritation and anger
C) Reality
D) Small victories

Question 31

In which of the following cultures do people tend to do one thing at a time?

A) Individualistic cultures
B) High-context cultures
C) Low-context cultures
D) Monochronic cultures

Question 32

Tight cultures are best defined as cultures in which:

A) social norms are rigid and clear and members try to conform.
B) people tend to do one thing at a time.
C) members emphasize communication via spoken or written words.
D) social norms are mixed and ambiguous, and conformity varies.

Question 33

Which of the following is the last stage in adjusting to a new culture?

A) Irritation and anger
B) Honeymoon
C) Reality
D) Small victories

Question 34

In a high-context culture, such as in Italy, one would expect to find __________.

A) high uncertainty avoidance
B) monochronic behavior
C) a high degree of nonverbal communication
D) a low power distance rating

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of loose cultures?

A) Their members let prevailing norms guide their behavior.
B) Deviations are noticed, discouraged, and sanctioned.
C) Their members express themselves independent from the masses.
D) Social norms are strong, clear, and well-defined.

Question 36

A culture that includes nonverbal signals and context when interpreting communication is classified as a(n) __________.

A) individualistic culture
B) high-context culture
C) collectivistic culture
D) low-context culture

Question 37

Which of the following cultures relies mainly on the written and spoken word?

A) An individualistic culture
B) A high-context culture
C) An ethnocentric culture
D) A low-context culture

Question 38

According to Roosevelt Thomas, it is a mistake to assume that affirmative action __________ the desire of minorities to assimilate into the workforce.

A) encourages
B) decreases
C) has no effect on
D) discourages

Question 39

In which of the following cultures do people accomplish many different things at once?

A) Group cultures
B) Polychronic cultures
C) Diverse cultures
D) High-context cultures

Question 40

____________ is the ability to adapt to new cultures.

A) Cultural shock
B) Cultural proxemics
C) Cultural training
D) Cultural intelligence

Question 41

In organizations, members from loose cultures are more likely to:

A) look forward to authority for direction.
B) be well-prepared and punctual for assignments.
C) display emotions and look for recognition.
D) be slow in volunteering and criticizing.

Question 42

According to Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures, which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism?

A) Uncertainty avoidance
B) Individualism-collectivism
C) Power distance
D) Masculinity-femininity

Question 43

Culture shock refers to the ability to adapt to new cultures.

Question 44

The most individualistic country, according to Hofstede's sample, is __________.

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) China
D) the United States

Question 45

According to Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures, __________ is the degree to which a society tolerates risk and uncertainty.

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) individualism-collectivism
C) power distance
D) time orientation

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures?

A) Power distance
B) Uncertainty avoidance
C) Time orientation
D) Educational background

Question 47

The __________ is where lesbians, gays, bisexual, and transgender workers hide their sexual identities.

Question 48

Subcultures are necessary to achieve organizational diversity.

Question 49

Biculturalism is a response to bad treatment and discrimination at work.

Question 50

Harris and Conference Board polls report that younger workers tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than older workers.

Question 51

According to Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures, __________ is the degree to which a society emphasizes individuals and their self-interests.

A) uncertainty avoidance
B) individualism-collectivism
C) power distance
D) time orientation

Question 52

According to Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures, which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power?

A) Uncertainty avoidance
B) Individualism-collectivism
C) Power distance
D) Time orientation

Question 53

The revolving door syndrome is a challenge for organizations that seek to maintain _________ in workforce.

Question 54

A culture that is high in uncertainty avoidance would be known for its entrepreneurial spirit.

Question 55

Naomi, an employee in an insurance firm, hails from a collectivistic culture. If she is assigned to a team project, which of the following steps is she most likely to take?

A) Step forward to be the team leader
B) Offer to lead the team presentation
C) Confront a fellow member who is not making a "fair-share" contribution
D) Work diligently on her part of the project with little fanfare

Question 56

The stages of adjustment to an unfamiliar culture are a series of steady improvements after the initial stage of confusion.

Question 57

According to Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures, the degree to which a society emphasizes short-term or long-term goals is called:

A) uncertainty avoidance.
B) individualism-collectivism.
C) power distance.
D) time orientation.

Question 58

One way to view monochronic cultures is as a group of flexible multi-taskers.

Question 59

The __________ assumes that a generalized cultural value applies equally well to all members of the culture.

A) general approach
B) ecological fallacy
C) equal distribution
D) unreasonable expectation

Question 60

The glass ceiling facilitates career advancement for women.

Question 61

The barrier to the advancement of women and minorities that manifests itself in the lack of diversity in the upper ranks of organizational management is known as the __________.

Question 62

People high in __________ view cultural differences not as threats but as learning opportunities.

Question 63

The __________ is where female leaders get criticized when they act consistent with female subculture stereotypes and when they act consistent with male subculture stereotypes.

Question 64

______ form among people doing the same kinds of work.

Question 65

Beyond the legal issues, make a business case for diversity.

Question 66

An effort made by women and minorities to "fit in" by taking on behaviors and characteristics displayed by the majority is known as ___________.

Question 67

__________ studies how cultures vary in valuing and using space.

Question 68

While the value of diversity is obvious, what makes it so difficult to manage diversity in global companies?

Question 69

Hofstede identified five value differences among national cultures. What are they? Define each of them.

Question 70

Members of a(n) __________ are flexible about time and who uses it.

Question 71

What is culture shock? What are the five stages experienced by an individual facing culture shock?

Question 72

The final step in the continuum of leadership approaches to diversity is __________.

Question 73

In __________, social norms are mixed and ambiguous, and conformity varies.

Question 74

Regarding diversity, the concept of __________ is similar to that of stereotyping.

Question 75

Confusion, small victories, honeymoon, irritation and anger, and reality are different stages of dealing with ____________.

Question 76

__________ form among people from the same races, language groupings, regions, and nations.

Question 77

Individuals caught up in organizational subcultures develop tendencies toward ____________.

Question 78

__________ are skills and personal characteristics that help us to be successful in cross-cultural situations.

Question 79

Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist, believes that cultures have "silent" languages that are found in their approach to communications in terms of context, time, and space. What are these cultural languages? Describe each.

Question 80

__________ are informal groupings of people that form around such things as gender, age, race, ethnicity, and even job functions.