Deck 5: Immunology and the Oral Systemic Link

Question 1

Current evidence suggests that periodontitis is associated with an increased likelihood of coronary heart disease and may influence the severity of diabetes.It is important to tell patients that untreated severe periodontal disease will cause a myocardial infarction (heart attack).

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 1

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 2

All individuals have bacteria and biofilm in the mouth.As the biofilm matures,the concentration and virulence of the periodontal bacteria changes.

A) Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Answer 2

Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Question 3

C-reactive protein levels in the blood may be an additional way to assess risk for

A) Respiratory disease
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Colon disease
D) Diabetes

Answer 3

Cardiovascular disease

Question 4

Most inflammation is principally protective.Visceral fat accumulation around the waist substantially increases the inflammatory burden on the body.

A) Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 5

A patient presents to your office with a tumor of the jaw.What is the patient experiencing?

A) Redness
B) Swelling
C) Heat
D) Pain

Question 6

Inflammation is principally protective.The inflammatory response does not become destructive when an acute infection becomes chronic.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Periodontal bacteria and individual response are required for infective periodontal disease.The number of periodontal bacteria present determines disease progression.

A) Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 8

________________is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host and is transient,usually lasting only a few months.__________is induced in the host itself by an antigen and lasts much longer,sometimes lifelong.

A) Force immunity; Active immunity
B) Passive immunity; Force immunity
C) Active immunity; Passive immunity
D) Passive immunity; Active immunity

Question 9

There is strong evidence that periodontal treatment decreases systemic inflammation,as demonstrated by reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP).Also,there is some improvement of both clinical and surrogate measures of endothelial function.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 10

Susceptibility involves the interaction between host,bacterial,and environmental factors.Host response is the cause of periodontal disease and plaque biofilm determines the outcome of the disease process.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the innate immune response is true?

A) Naturally acquired immunity occurs through contact with a disease-causing agent.
B) Artificially acquired immunity develops through deliberate actions,such as a vaccine.
C) The innate immune response is natural and instantaneous.
D) The innate immune response provides long-lasting protection.

Question 12

There is consistent and strong epidemiological evidence that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future cardiovascular disease.Intervention trials to date are adequate to draw conclusions of causality.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Which of the following ethnic groups is considered low risk for developing diabetes?

A) African-American
B) Caucasian
C) Asian-American
D) Pacific Islander

Question 14

The complement system helps rid the body of antigen-antibody complexes or clear pathogens from an organism.Complement proteins cause blood vessels to become constricted and leaky,causing redness and swelling during an inflammatory response.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 15

Gingivitis involves primarily which of the following mediated responses?

A) Plasma cells
B) B cells
C) G cells
D) T cells

Question 16

Streptococcus mutans was the most frequently identified species in the cardiovascular specimens of atherosclerotic plaques,followed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.Which of the following is S.mutans most associated with in the oral cavity?

A) Caries
B) Periodontal disease
C) Inflammation
D) Tooth loss

Question 17

Diabetes and periodontitis are multifaceted chronic diseases with a recognized bidirectional relationship.Treatment of periodontal disease in diabetes mellitus enhances glycemic control.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 18

Systemic conditions may increase the susceptibility to periodontal disease.Conversely,periodontal infections may serve as risk factors for systemic illness.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

All of the following statements are correct about the adaptive immune response EXCEPT one.Which is the EXCEPTION?

A) The adaptive immune response is instantaneous.
B) The adaptive immune response confers specificity and long-lasting protection.
C) Naturally acquired immunity occurs through contact with a disease-causing agent.
D) Artificially acquired immunity develops only through deliberate actions,such as vaccination.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor?

A) Tobacco
B) Gender
C) High blood pressure
D) Unsafe sex

Question 21

Which three items are associated with Bradford Hill criteria?

A)Statistical strength of association
B)Cognitive impairment
C)Sensitivity
D)Consistency
E)Specificity