Deck 5: Differential Association Theory

Question 1

Sutherland attempted to explain both individual criminal behavior and variations in group rates of crime.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cressey responded to criticisms that differential association did not explain crimes of passion or compulsive crimes with his work combining:

A) Social learning theory & conflict theory
B) Role theory & symbolic interaction
C) Differential anticipation & dynamic interactionism
D) Culture conflict & dynamic positivism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The primary concept in Sutherland's theory of differential association is an excess of definitions conducive to violation of law.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In forming his theory, Sutherland took into account each of the following EXCEPT :

A) Criminal behavior is not necessarily different from conventional behavior.
B) Individual responses to societal reaction vary in sensitivity and vulnerability.
C) Values are important in determining behavior.
D) Certain people and locations are more crime prone than others.

Question 5

One of the major criticisms of differential association has been that it is fairly abstract and therefore the major concepts are ________________.

Question 6

Sutherland's own views were said to be shaped by his early interest in:

A) Prohibition.
B) The criminalization of drug use.
C) The Great Depression.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

Differential association is what type of theory?

A) Positivist
B) Consensus
C) Structural
D) None of the above

Question 8

Although learning techniques for committing crime is important, Sutherland focused more on learning ___________.

Question 9

Sutherland viewed criminals as following culturally approved behavior that was disapproved by the larger society.

Question 10

Differential association is a positivist theory oriented toward consensus.

Question 11

Dan Glaser extended Sutheland's work with his own theory of:

A) Differential interactionism
B) Differential identification
C) Symbolic association
D) Differential group organization

Question 12

Sutherland did not believe that certain locations and people were more crime prone than others.

Question 13

Two of Sutherland's books were:

A) The Principles of Differential Association & The White Collar Thief.
B) Symbolic Interactionism And Deviance & White Collar Crime.
C) Principles of Criminology & The Professional Thief.
D) Differential Deviance & To Catch a Thief.

Question 14

In addition to differential association theory, Edwin Sutherland is one of the first theorists to explore this type of offense:

A) Gang violence.
B) White collar crime.
C) Human smuggling.
D) Check kiting.

Question 15

According to Cressey, how we spur on or encourage behavior with rationalizations is called a vocabulary of _______.

Question 16

For Sutherland, the ability of definitions favoring crime to push us into commission, it isn't just the quantity or number, but the ___________ of the definitions.

Question 17

Sutherland borrowed which three major theories from the Chicago School?

A) Cultural transmission/concentric zones/culture conflict
B) Cultural transmission/symbolic interactionism/culture conflict
C) Symbolic interactionism/culture conflict/social disorganization
D) Symbolic interactionism/concentric zones/culture conflict

Question 18

According Sutherland differential associations may vary according to each of the following EXCEPT:

A) Relativity
B) Intensity
C) Priority
D) Duration

Question 19

Many believe that Sutherland's theory was heavily influenced by his upbringing which took place in the ________________ part of the country.

A) Northeastern
B) Northwestern
C) Southwestern
D) Midwestern

Question 20

Sutherland first referred to differential association in a book about The Professional _____.

Question 21

Briefly discuss the three different trends in the treatment of differential association by later theorists building on Sutherland's work.

Question 22

What two things are learned through association with criminals and how important are they according to Sutherland?

Question 23

Briefly describe how some of our associations have more influence on our behavior than others according to Sutherland.

Question 24

Describe some of the major influences on Sutherland as he developed his theory of crime.

Question 25

Discuss the policy implications arising from differential association.