Deck 12: Social Learning Theory

Question 1

Most tests of social learning theory have failed to support its basic propositions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In Jeffery's social learning theory, the determination of whether behavior will be deviant or conforming depends on:

A) The availability of role models.
B) Differential reinforcement.
C) Direct conditioning.
D) Societal reaction.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Social learning theory is primarily an extension of:

A) Social control theory.
B) Differential opportunity theory.
C) Differential association theory.
D) Subculture of delinquency theory.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Social learning theory considers _______ to be central to the learning process.

A) The fact that people seek pleasure and avoid pain
B) A core set of common values
C) Modeling
D) All of the above.

Question 5

The primary intellectual background material for social learning theory is behavioristic psychology.

Question 6

The frequency and probability of reinforcement for any given behavior is known as the _____ of consequences.

Question 7

Jeffery's differential reinforcement theory postulates that criminal behavior can be maintained without social approval.

Question 8

Named after the creator of operant theory, Jeffery adopted this psychological approach _______________.

Question 9

Jeffery's approach to learning theory suggests that each person has a unique conditioning history through which he or she interprets stimuli.

Question 10

Radicals objected to the use of behavior modification, claiming it was an elite plan to brainwash those who threatened the state.

Question 11

Akers refers to the process of integrating social learning theory with other crime theories as:

A) Differential adaption.
B) Remodeling.
C) Extension development.
D) Conceptual absorption

Question 12

Signals which help an individual determine those situations in which a particular behavior may be appropriate are known as:

A) Reinforcements.
B) Schedules of consequences.
C) Discriminative stimuli.
D) Modeling.

Question 13

The social learning theory of Ronald Akers is based on the assumption that:

A) The primary learning mechanism in social behavior is operant conditioning.
B) The main part of learning occurs within social groups tied to one's occupation.
C) Any behavior, once learned, is difficult to extinguish.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

Dan Glaser's version of a social learning theory has been called:

A) Differential anticipation.
B) Neutral recrimination.
C) Pathological identification.
D) Patterned stimulation.

Question 15

C. Ray Jeffery clearly followed in the footsteps of his major professor ______________.

Question 16

Jeffery's differential reinforcement theory argues that the power of stimuli to influence depends on levels of satiation and _______.

Question 17

The major difference between the versions of social theory proposed by C. Ray Jeffery and Ronald L. Akers is:

A) Jeffery views Sutherland as basically correct and Akers thinks Sutherland was incorrect.
B) Akers thinks that social learning is derived mostly from social factors while Jeffery thinks learning is mostly non-social.
C) Jeffery thinks that reinforcement is more important to learning and Akers thinks punishment is more important.
D) There are no real differences between Akers and Jeffery.

Question 18

Any event that follows the occurrence of behavior and that alters and increases the frequency of that behavior is known as:

A) Discriminative stimuli.
B) Reinforcement.
C) Punishment.
D) Modeling.

Question 19

By watching someone else get rewarded, it can be argued that your behavior is ______ reinforced.

Question 20

A criminological learning theory that emphasizes social aspects of reinforcements and punishments is attributable to:

A) C. Ray Jeffery.
B) Travis Hirschi.
C) Edwin Sutherland.
D) Ronald Akers.

Question 21

What is the major difference between Jeffery's differential reinforcement theory and Akers' social learning theory?

Question 22

Explain the major points of Aker's social learning theory.

Question 23

Briefly outline the types of studies that have been done using social learning theory.

Question 24

Give Examples of a positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment.

Question 25

Describe Jeffery's notion of satiation and deprivation.

Question 26

Give an example of how sociological, psychological and biological characteristics might interact together to produce criminal behavior.