Deck 11: Anxiety and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders

Question 1

 Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to school refusal?

A) Difficulty with academics
B) Separation anxiety disorder
C) Fear of being teased or bullied
D) Fear of being socially evaluated

Answer 1

Difficulty with academics

Question 2

 ____ is an immediate alarm reaction to current danger or life-threatening emergencies.

A) Anxiety
B) Panic
C) Fear
D) Worry

Answer 2

Fear

Question 3

 For many children, fear of school is really a fear of what?

A) Having a difficult time socializing
B) Being afraid of the teacher
C) Worrying about test taking
D) Leaving your parents

Answer 3

Leaving your parents

Question 4

 When would an absence of separation anxiety suggest an insecure attachment?

A) at 2 months of age
B) at 7 months of age
C) at 10 years of age
D) never

Question 5

 One of the most common anxiety disorders of childhood is ____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
B) panic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) separation anxiety disorder (SAD)

Question 6

 The fear of separation from parent(s) is common among children aged ____.

A) 1 to 5
B) 3 to 6
C) 6 to 9
D) 8 to 11

Question 7

 The fear of death is common among children aged ____.

A) 1 to 2
B) 4 to 5
C) 6 to 8
D) 8 to 11

Question 8

 Excessive and unreasonable fears usually peak around _____________.

A) pre-K
B) kindergarten
C) second grade
D) fourth grade

Question 9

 The ____ mobilizes the body for action in a fight/flight situation.

A) central nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

 ____ is characterized by feelings of apprehension and lack of control over upcoming events that might be threatening.

A) Anxiety
B) Panic
C) Fear
D) Worry

Question 11

 Behavioral symptoms of anxiety include ____.

A) fatigue
B) blurred vision
C) thoughts of inadequacy
D) fidgeting

Question 12

 Anxiety disorders in the DSM-5 are divided into categories that reflect ____.

A) primary dimensions of anxiety (biological/cognitive/behavioral)
B) varieties of reaction and avoidance
C) the response to treatment (good/poor)
D) typical age of onset

Question 13

 When activated, the sympathetic nervous system causes the release of ____ from glands on the kidney.

A) insulin
B) adrenaline
C) growth hormone
D) testosterone

Question 14

 The anxiety disorder with the earliest age of onset is ____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) panic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) separation anxiety disorder

Question 15

 Which of the following is NOT a DSM diagnosis?

A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Test anxiety disorder

Question 16

 ____ fears increase with age.

A) Social
B) School-related
C) Nighttime
D) Parental separation

Question 17

 Which of the following is NOT true of anxiety disorders?

A) While prevalent in adults, they are relatively rare in children.
B) There are several different types of anxiety disorders.
C) Anxiety disorders can be persistent across the lifespan.
D) Anxiety disorders often occur with other disorders.

Question 18

 Ritualistic behavior is ____ in young children.

A) nonexistent
B) uncommon
C) common
D) difficult to observe

Question 19

 ____ is a group of physical symptoms of the fight/flight response that unexpectedly occur in the absence of any obvious threat or danger.

A) Anxiety
B) Panic
C) Fear
D) Worry

Question 20

 The average age of onset for separation anxiety disorder is ____.

A) 2 to 3 years of age
B) 4 to 6 years of age
C) 7 to 8 years of age
D) 9 to 10 years of age

Question 21

 ____ influences have a greater role in early onset cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder than late onset cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A) Parenting
B) Learning
C) Neurobiological
D) Genetic

Question 22

 To be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, a child must exhibit ____.

A) separation anxiety disorder
B) worry about academic performance
C) an inability to control worry
D) perfectionism and self-critical behavior

Question 23

 The lifetime prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder is ____.

A) 1.2%
B) 2.2%
C) 3.6%
D) 6.8%

Question 24

 Which of the following is NOT an OCD-related disorder?

A) Germ avoidance disorder
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Hoarding disorder
D) Excoriation

Question 25

 Which of the following distinguishes children with generalized anxiety disorder from those with other anxiety disorders?

A) Their worries are age-inappropriate.
B) They experience somatic symptoms.
C) They worry about minor events.
D) They worry about minor events and experience somatic symptoms.

Question 26

 ____ is the most common secondary diagnosis for children with another anxiety disorder.

A) Specific phobia
B) Social anxiety disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) General anxiety disorder

Question 27

 The rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children is ____ the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults.

A) less than
B) more than
C) equal to
D) more variable

Question 28

 The fact that the most common specific phobia in children is a fear of animals is believed to be due to ____.

A) the high rates of exposure to animals in young childhood
B) evolutionary processes
C) parental overprotection when young children encounter animals
D) the large size of the animals

Question 29

 Compulsions and obsessions experienced by children typically last ____.

A) between 30 and 60 minutes a day
B) more than an hour a day
C) two to three hours daily
D) over three hours daily

Question 30

 Children who exhibit selective mutism may also ____.

A) be developmentally delayed
B) have higher than average intelligence
C) have strong social skills
D) an absence of anxiety

Question 31

 The most common compulsions include____________.

A) touching and counting
B) checking and repeating
C) excessive washing and bathing
D) ordering and arranging

Question 32

 School refusal is equally common in boys and girls, and it occurs most often between the ages of ____.

A) 3 and 10
B) 5 and 11
C) 7 and 11
D) 8 and 12

Question 33

 Most social anxiety disorders first occur in ____.

A) the preschool years
B) the primary school years
C) late childhood
D) adolescence

Question 34

 Selective mutism is believed to be a type of ____.

A) specific phobia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) social phobia

Question 35

 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a panic attack?

A) Intense fear or discomfort
B) Can last for a few days
C) Sense of imminent danger
D) Occur several times a week or month

Question 36

 A situational specific phobia would most likely involve a fear of ____.

A) heights
B) elevators
C) illnesses
D) injections

Question 37

 Unlike adults, children with specific phobias ____.

A) avoid the feared stimuli
B) do not recognize that their fears are extreme and unreasonable
C) experience physiological arousal when presented with the feared stimuli
D) are more easily treated

Question 38

 Agoraphobia can be best described as the fear of ____.

A) leaving home and not being able to get back in the house
B) being separated from one's parents
C) having a panic attack in situations in which escape would be difficult or help unavailable
D) spiders

Question 39

 The onset of first panic attack is often related to ____.

A) adult stressors
B) pubertal stage
C) cognitive developmental stage
D) the development of internalized speech

Question 40

 Panic attacks occur in about ____ of adolescents.

A) 3 % to 4%
B) 8% to 10%
C) 15% to 20%
D) 25% to 30%

Question 41

 A marked fear or avoidance of certain situations in which the individual thinks that escape may be difficult if he or she were to experience panic-like symptoms refers to ________________. .

A) ophidiophobia
B) acrophobia
C) arachnophobia
D) agoraphobia

Question 42

 Prolonged exposure to ______ as a result of early stress or trauma may have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain.

A) cortisol
B) serotonin
C) GABA
D) norepinephrine

Question 43

 Children with a behavioral inhibition temperament may be less likely to develop a later anxiety disorder if ____.

A) their parents protect them from stressful events
B) their parents set firm limits that teach them how to cope with stress
C) they have older siblings
D) their parents ignore their bids for comfort and protection

Question 44

 Females are ____ than males to experience anxiety symptoms.

A) twice as likely
B) less likely
C) slightly more likely
D) equally likely

Question 45

 Increased functional impairment and poorer OCD outcomes are more likely when _____________.

A) parents practice accommodation
B) parents confront the OCD behaviors of their children head on
C) children also experience trichotillomania
D) children are not diagnosed with OCD until they are older

Question 46

 In most cases, ____.

A) anxiety precedes depression
B) depression precedes anxiety
C) depression and anxiety occur simultaneously
D) there is not a clear relationship between anxiety and depression

Question 47

 What is one of the main features separating early onset OCD and later onset?

A) Individuals in early onset are more likely to be females.
B) Individuals in early onset are more likely to be males.
C) Individuals in early onset are more likely to have learning disorders.
D) Individuals with early onset are more likely to be from wealthy families.

Question 48

 The neurotransmitter system most often implicated in anxiety disorders is the ____ system.

A) dopaminergic
B) nondopaminergic
C) GABA-ergic
D) prominergic

Question 49

 Child psychopathology reflects a mix of actual child ____ and the ____ through which others view it in a child's culture.

A) symptoms; structure
B) disorders; focus
C) behavior; perspective
D) behavior; lens

Question 50

 The two-factor theory explains anxiety disorders as arising and persisting through a combination of ____.

A) attachment and social learning
B) temperament and exposure
C) classical and operant conditioning
D) modeling and reinforcement

Question 51

 According to __________________, fearfulness in children is biologically rooted in the need for survival. .

A) the two-factor theory
B) survival conditioning theory
C) behavioral and learning theories
D) attachment theory

Question 52

 In comparison to children who are anxious, children who are depressed display ____.

A) more negative affectivity
B) less negative affectivity
C) more positive affectivity
D) less positive affectivity

Question 53

 To date, the strongest evidence for the effectiveness of medication to treat anxiety disorders in children and adolescents is for ____.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) panic disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) social phobia

Question 54

 The parenting style most often associated with anxiety disorders in children is one in which parents are overly ____.

A) supportive
B) controlling
C) permissive
D) positive

Question 55

 The brain system associated with anxiety is called ____.

A) behavioral activation system
B) behavioral inhibition system
C) behavioral formation system
D) hypothalamic system

Question 56

 The most effective procedure for treating most anxiety disorders is ____.

A) behavioral therapy
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C) family therapy
D) use of medications

Question 57

 The most effective treatment of a child's phobia of riding in a car would involve which final step?

A) Playing with toy cars
B) Watching tapes of other children riding in cars
C) Imagining riding in a car
D) Actually riding in a car

Question 58

 Twin studies suggest that about ______________ of the variance in childhood anxiety symptoms is accounted for by genetic influences.

A) 5%
B) 10% to 20%
C) 20% to 30%
D) 30% to 40%

Question 59

 The most common physical symptoms of anxiety disorders include

A) stomachaches and nausea.
B) sleep-related problems.
C) headaches.
D) joint pain.

Question 60

 Findings from twin and adoption studies of anxiety in children and adolescents suggest that the genetic contribution for anxiety ____.

A) decreases with age and environmental influence increases
B) decreases with age, along with environmental influence
C) increases with age and environmental influence decreases
D) increases with age, along with environmental influence

Question 61

 Compare and contrast positive and negative affectivity and the role of these concepts in understanding the link between anxiety and depression.

Question 62

 Distinguish between obsessions and compulsions, and discuss the relationship between them.

Question 63

 What is the behavior lens principle?

Question 64

 What are some of the normal worries, anxieties, and rituals/routines of children?

Question 65

 Distinguish between worry, anxiety, and panic.

Question 66

 Discuss in detail what happens when the physical response system is activated in the face of perceived danger.

Question 67

 Discuss Kendall's CBT treatment program Coping Cat, for treating social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder.

Question 68

 Give some examples of behavior of a child with separation anxiety disorder (SAD).

Question 69

 What role does temperament play in the development of anxiety disorders?

Question 70

 What are the different symptoms for a diagnostic criteria of panic disorder?

Question 71

 Review the three anxiety response systems and give examples from each.

Question 72

 Identify the diagnostic criteria needed for a diagnosis of OCD.

Question 73

 List the five subtypes of specific phobias, and give an example of the focus of fear for each one.

Question 74

 Why are panic attacks rare in young children?

Question 75

 What are some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and which symptom distinguishes GAD from other anxiety disorders?