Deck 14: Poststructuralism

Question 1

For Foucault, power is in its most potent form when

A) it is embodied within an individual.
B) it is embodied within a social structure.
C) it is expressed by brute coercion.
D) it is successfully translated into systems of knowledge.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who was the father of postcolonial studies?

A) Edward Said
B) Frantz Fanon
C) Immanuel Wallerstein
D) Michel Foucault

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the central paradox in the development of cultural identity?

A) One cannot be superior without an inferior used for sake of comparison.
B) All countries must compare themselves to the West and themselves.
C) All identities are militarily based; yet we hardly use that might.
D) All people possess all and no cultural identities at the same time.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The semiotic model which is the foundation for French structuralism and the poststructural critique of the sign was developed by

A) Jean Baudrillard
B) Michel Foucault
C) Ferdinand de Saussure
D) Jacques Derrida

Question 5

Which of the following is not a dimension of Said's Orientalism?

A) Academic disciplines set up to study Oriental culture.
B) Orientalism as a style of thought.
C) Orientalism as a source of power over the Orient.
D) Orientalism as a method for ancient economic trade.

Question 6

Edward Said's work on imaginative geography and its connections to knowledge and power can be traced to the works of

A) Durkheim and Simmel.
B) Parsons and Merton.
C) Gramsci and Foucault.
D) Horkheimer and Adorno.

Question 7

An example of the disciplinary society as discussed by Foucault would be

A) one marked by constant brutal force.
B) a prison state with more than half incarcerated.
C) marked by self-induced complicity due to surveillance.
D) a harsh disciplinary familial structure marked by brute force.

Question 8

Contemporary forms of Orientalism can be seen via the West's views of

A) Japanese.
B) Indians.
C) Arabs.
D) Israelis.

Question 9

Foucault adds ___________ dimensions to structuralism's theoretical orientation.

A) Collectivistic/nonrationalistic
B) Collectivistic/rationalistic
C) Individualistic/nonrationalistic
D) Individualistic/rationalistic

Question 10

What theorist studied Orientalism?

A) Edward Said
B) Frantz Fanon
C) Immanuel Wallerstein
D) Michel Foucault

Question 11

For poststructuralists, a sociological understanding of contemporary society requires

A) an investigation of local, everyday practices.
B) a renewed investigation of society's structural underpinnings.
C) an ability to ignore signs and their real meanings.
D) a willingness to embrace signs and their inherent meanings.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding Foucault's theoretical orientation?

A) he is nonrationalistic
B) he is collectivistic
C) he is Individualistic/rationalistic
D) he is Collectivistic/rationalistic

Question 13

Foucault studied the Panopticon because it was the idealized embodiment of

A) corporal punishment.
B) mental torture.
C) surveillance and discipline.
D) disciplinary society.

Question 14

Foucault's method of exposing forms of discourse and the knowledge embedded within them is referred to as

A) archaeology.
B) episteme.
C) genealogy.
D) Panopticon.

Question 15

Poststructuralists theorists explore the role of language and knowledge in shaping social relations. In their own way, each illuminates what _______________called the "relations of ruling."

A) Dorothy Smith
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Edward Said

Question 16

According to Bourdieu, symbolic power involves

A) controlling economic capital through the institutionalization of inheritance.
B) illegitimate uses of force.
C) the power of creating or naming the world through words.
D) the production and dissemination of graffiti.

Question 17

Genealogy, one of Foucault's methods of analysis, focuses on

A) the role of discourse in the production of knowledge.
B) the dependence of the production of knowledge on relationships of power.
C) the role of religion as a framework of knowledge.
D) the independence of language from the notions of power.

Question 18

French structuralism differs from American structural functionalism in that French structuralism

A) focuses on the patterns of human social organization.
B) focuses on the role of language in the organization of systems of ideas.
C) focuses on the role world-systems play on social life.
D) focuses on systematic understandings of deviant social roles.

Question 19

Foucault defines a framework of knowledge that shapes discourse or collection of linguistic tools, rules, descriptions, and habits of logic that make possible specific understandings of the world as

A) archaeology.
B) episteme.
C) genealogy.
D) Panopticon.

Question 20

A map with the U.S. colored green and the rest of the world colored pink or orange best embodies which concept of Edward Said's?

A) hybridization
B) periphery
C) imaginative geography
D) postcolonialism

Question 21

The Hutus eventually governing Rwanda is an example of hybridization.

Question 22

_______ are relatively autonomous arenas within which actors and institutions mobilize their capital in an effort to capture the stakes-the distribution of capital-that are specific to it.

A) Social capitals
B) Habitus
C) Social institutions
D) Fields

Question 23

Theoretically, which of Bourdieu's terms would sit dead center within the authors' figure of action and order?

A) Symbolic power
B) Economic capital
C) Habitus
D) Cultural capital

Question 24

For Bourdieu, arenas within which struggles between actors and institutions over capital occur is referred to as

A) cultural capital.
B) fields.
C) social capital.
D) habitus.

Question 25

Foucault suggests that the contemporary decline of torture and corporal punishment is much less an indication of a growing humaneness concerning penal practices than a

A) restorative justice.
B) transformation in the technologies of power.
C) punitive justice.
D) karma system.

Question 26

Psychiatric labels and treatments would be considered an episteme by Foucault.

Question 27

Access to institutions of higher learning, employment opportunities, and various community organizations is often conditioned by who one knows. Bourdieu labels this resource for support, influence, and opportunities

A) social capital.
B) cultural capital.
C) social space.
D) field.

Question 28

The habitus is not a classificatory schemes of perception and appreciation that mediate the relationship between the social structure and the motives/position taking of actors.

Question 29

This new stage of punishment, known as transformation in the technologies of power, is marked by the introduction of penal practices based on

A) punitive justice.
B) restorative justice.
C) surveillance and discipline.
D) new world order.

Question 30

For Bourdieu, knowledge, taste, and language ability are forms of

A) social capital.
B) symbolic capital.
C) cultural capital.
D) economic capital.

Question 31

According to Bourdieu, what does exist is a space of relationships which is as real as a geographical space.

Question 32

The habitus is

A) classificatory schemes of perception and appreciation that mediate the relationship between the social structure and the motives/position taking of actors.
B) network of shared meanings and understandings that individuals draw from to construct identities, negotiate situational definitions, and create social solidarity or social integration.
C) ideas, aspirations, and objectives, that by their content, transcend the established universe of discourse and action are either repelled or reduced to terms of this universe.
D) the perception and appreciation of the upper classes, those in power, by the lower classes

Question 33

The third phase of punishment is marked by destructured and individualized power.

Question 34

Foucault's phases of punishment included public torture, the Panopticon, and the disciplinary society.

Question 35

According to Said, the polemic name given to Islam, admirably studied by Norman Daniel, is Mohammedanism.

Question 36

Said draws upon Gramsci's hegemony, or a ruler's dominance through force.

Question 37

Foucault would articulate his position by saying "knowledge is power."

Question 38

Living with the notion of "the other" allows Westerns to embrace "the white man's burden."

Question 39

The concept of orientalism sits within the collective, rational theoretical quadrant.

Question 40

According to Bourdieu, what does exist is a ___________________which is as real as a geographical space.

A) set of capitals
B) space of relationships
C) habitus
D) fields

Question 41

Define and distinguish between economic, cultural, and symbolic capital. Provide examples from real life of who would possess these three forms.

Question 42

Compare and contrast Structural Functional Theories (see ch. 2), paying particular attention to the discourse in contemporary social life. Consider differences and similarities in approaches to studying and investigating contemporary social life.

Question 43

Unpack and explain Foucault's methodological tools. Apply them to an area in your life or issue in our society that you feel illustrates a relationship between power and knowledge.

Question 44

Explain and specifically define all of Foucault's phases of punishment. Providing real world examples discuss whether you agree or disagree that we have entered into a disciplinary society. What role does technology have to play in these phases?

Question 45

Define poststructuralism.

Question 46

According to Said, the study of Islam by Christians occurred in what historical period.

Question 47

Explain the differences between American structuralism and French Structuralism. Discuss how poststructuralist critique is built upon the work of de Saussure.

Question 48

Explain why Foucault studied the Panopticon and how it plays into his larger body of work on punishment.

Question 49

Define Bourdieu's notion of habitus. What is the relationship between habitus and social structure (space)?

Question 50

According to Bourdieu, symbolic power involves the power of creating or naming the world through words.

Question 51

Define and explain the difference between Foucault's methodologies of archaeology and genealogy.

Question 52

Discuss Foucault's concept of power/knowledge with the concepts of colonialism and Orientalism.

Question 53

Discuss Foucault's perceived relationship between the concepts of knowledge and power.

Question 54

Discuss the relationship between the West and "the other" outlining Said's main points.

Question 55

Define Orientalism and list its three main dimensions.