Deck 14: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Question 1

Consumption of nonfood substances such as dirt, ice, starch, and clay, that commonly occurs during pregnancy is known as _______________.

Answer 1

pica

Question 2

The let-down reflex is triggered by the hmone _______________.

Answer 2

oxytocin

Question 3

Toxicity of _______________ is linked with birth defects.

Answer 3

vitamin A OR retinoids OR preformed vitamin A

Question 4

F a woman with nmal prepregnancy BMI, total weight gain during pregnancy should average _______________ to _______________ pounds.

Question 5

The RDA f protein during pregnancy is an additional _______________ grams over the recommendation f the nonpregnant state.

Question 6

Oxytocin triggers the ___________ reflex during breastfeeding.

Question 7

The most critical time f fetal development is during the _______________ trimester.

Question 8

The maj problems with breastfeeding usually are due to a lack of _______________.

Question 9

A low-birth-weight infant weighs less than _______________ pounds.

Question 10

_______________ leads to an increased rate of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and surgical complications during pregnancy.

Question 11

Infants bn after 37 weeks of gestation and weighing less than expected at their gestational age are considered _______________.

Question 12

Healthy People 2020 includes a goal of increasing by _______________ percent the number of pregnancies that begin with optimal folate status.

Question 13

The main proteins in breast milk are me easily _______________ than the maj protein cows' milk.

Question 14

Concerning the infant, two maj indicats of a successful pregnancy are: 1) gestation period longer than _______________ weeks and 2) birth weight greater than _______________ pounds.

Question 15

The increased energy costs of pregnancy are within the range of approximately _______________ kcal per day during the second and third trimesters.

Question 16

The energy cost f lactation is _______________ kcal per day.

Question 17

Vitamin needs generally increase during pregnancy. F example, the requirement f _______________ increases by 50%.

Question 18

The first milk made by the human breast is _______________. It is produced from a few days befe birth to a week so after birth.

Question 19

A deficiency of the vitamin _______________ in pregnant women has been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Question 20

The hmone that stimulates milk synthesis is _______________.

Question 21

During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women should gain approximately ______ pound(s) per week.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 22

Patricia's physician tells her she needs me folate in her diet during pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

A) Drink orange juice.
B) Eat beef.
C) Eat more cheese.
D) Eat more fish.

Question 23

Which of the following is a suggested practice as far as exercise and pregnancy are concerned?

A) Play basketball regularly in a hot, humid gym.
B) Drink plenty of fluids.
C) Strengthen the legs by performing deep knee bends.
D) Discontinue exercise during the third trimester.

Question 24

During pregnancy, it is particularly imptant to make sure to consume adequate

A) saturated fatty acids.
B) trans fatty acids.
C) cholesterol.
D) essential fatty acids.

Question 25

Millie's prepregnancy BMI is 18. Her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 26

Preterm infants

A) have minimal nutritional problems.
B) may have problems sucking and swallowing.
C) will almost always die.
D) will maintain adequate mineral and fat stores.

Question 27

Sue's prepregnancy BMI is 38. Her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 28

F a woman with a prepregnancy BMI of 22, total pregnancy weight gain should fall within the range of ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 29

Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate folate during her pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

A) Drink more milk.
B) Eat more ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.
C) Eat more meat.
D) Eat more legumes.

Question 30

During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.

A) 1 to 3
B) 2 to 4
C) 5 to 9
D) 10 to 14

Question 31

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, an average of ______ extra kilocalies per day are needed.

A) 150 - 250
B) 250 - 350
C) 350 - 450
D) 450 - 550

Question 32

The duration of pregnancy nmally is ______ weeks.

A) 30-34
B) 32-36
C) 35-39
D) 38-42

Question 33

The first trimester of pregnancy

A) involves a rapid increase in cell size rather than cell number.
B) is the least critical time during fetal development.
C) is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and insults to prevent harm to the fetus.
D) is a time when nutritional deficiencies have little effect on the developing fetus.

Question 34

Extra kilocalies f pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) Second and third
C) Second
D) First and third

Question 35

All of the following are po pregnancy practices except

A) restricting weight gain to 15 to 18 pounds.
B) smoking.
C) gaining 25 to 35 pounds.
D) completely avoiding exercise.

Question 36

Which of the following is true about protein intake during pregnancy?

A) The RDA for protein increases by about 25 grams per day over that for the nonpregnant state.
B) Women probably do not get enough protein in typical diets to meet their total needs for pregnancy.
C) The RDA for protein increases by about 10 to 15 grams per day.
D) The RDA for protein increases by about 5 to 10 grams per day.

Question 37

A low-birth-weight infant weighs ______ pounds.

A) 6.5 to 7.5
B) 5.5 to 6.5
C) less than 5.5
D) less than 3.5

Question 38

Which trimester is an especially critical period when po nutrition drug use can result in birth defects?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third

Question 39

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all breastfed infants be given ________ IU of vitamin D per day until they are consuming that much from food.

Question 40

The gan that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the

A) ovum.
B) umbilicus.
C) placenta.
D) embryo.

Question 41

All of the following are true about prenatal supplements f pregnancy except

A) there is significant evidence that they are harmful.
B) supplements of vitamin A can be dangerous.
C) supplements commonly contain iron and folate.
D) physicians routinely prescribe them.

Question 42

Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all of the following except

A) eat less fat.
B) lie down after she eats.
C) avoid spicy food.
D) consume liquids between meals.

Question 43

Consumption of non-food items such as laundry starch, ice, and dirt is known as

A) hyperemesis.
B) pica.
C) pregnancy-induced hypertension.
D) eclampsia.

Question 44

Which of the following is a federal program f reducing infant mtality by providing nutritional suppt and counseling?

A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B) Nutrition Supplement Program (NSP)
C) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
D) Regional Nutrition Counseling Program (RNCP)

Question 45

Constipation is a common problem during pregnancy. All the of following practices can be helpful except

A) avoiding too much fluid.
B) consuming more dietary fiber.
C) consuming dried fruits such as raisins.
D) engaging in aerobic exercise regularly.

Question 46

The hmone that triggers "let down" milk release is

A) oxytocin.
B) prolactin.
C) estrogen.
D) progesterone.

Question 47

Which of the following is true about lactation?

A) Only about 50 percent of all women can breastfeed.
B) The most significant reason why women do not breastfeed is that they cannot produce enough milk.
C) Some women cannot breastfeed because they do not have big enough breasts.
D) The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

Question 48

Most of the extra calcium f pregnancy is needed during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) Third
C) Second
D) Calcium needs do not increase

Question 49

During pregnancy, a woman should follow MyPlate's Daily Food Plan and consume

A) 1-2 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
B) 2 ounce equivalents from the meat group.
C) 3 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
D) 4 ounce equivalents from the grain group.

Question 50

During pregnancy, symptoms such as high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine, edema, changes in blood clotting, and nervous system disders are associated with a condition called

A) essential hypertension.
B) pregnancy-induced hypertension.
C) primary hypertension.
D) secondary hypertension.

Question 51

Rachel is pregnant and has mning sickness. She should do all the following except

A) eat dry soda crackers upon waking.
B) cook with windows open to dissipate nauseating smells.
C) eat large, less frequent meals.
D) avoid fatty and fried foods.

Question 52

The best way f a calcium-deficient pregnant woman to get the calcium she needs is to consume

A) fruits.
B) vegetables.
C) legumes.
D) low-fat milk and cheese.

Question 53

All of the following are true about folate and pregnancy except

A) folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as spina bifida.
B) the RDA for folate increases by 50 percent.
C) most breakfast cereals can be used by pregnant women to get folate because these cereals are fortified with folate.
D) it is impossible for pregnant women to meet their nutrient needs without supplementation.

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about the let-down reflex?

A) It is needed to make milk available to the infant.
B) It can be inhibited by anxiety or nervous tension.
C) It is triggered by the release of the hormone estrogen.
D) After a few weeks of lactation, it becomes automatic.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is imptant f infant feeding?

A) The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life.
B) Breastfeeding has no advantage over formula-feeding, so the latter is the feeding practice of choice.
C) Working mothers should avoid breastfeeding.
D) Cows' milk can be introduced safely when the child is 3 months old.

Question 56

Mineral needs generally are increased during pregnancy. All of the following are needed in higher quantities except

A) iron.
B) iodine.
C) sodium.
D) zinc.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?

A) Repeated intake of four or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting is harmful to the fetus.
B) It is vital that mothers abstain from NutraSweet because the phenylalanine present can cause mental retardation in most babies.
C) Cigarette smoking should be limited to one pack per day.
D) The only risk to the baby when a mother uses cocaine is cocaine addiction.

Question 58

Low iodide status during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to

A) hypertension.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) edema.
D) cretinism.

Question 59

The need f extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) First and second
C) Second
D) Second and third

Question 60

Obesity during pregnancy is associated with all of the following except

A) high blood pressure.
B) diabetes during pregnancy.
C) a low-birth-weight infant.
D) surgical complications.

Question 61

Advantages of breastfeeding include all of the following except

A) breast milk provides more vitamin D than infant formula.
B) breastfeeding reduces the risk of food allergies.
C) breast milk provides antibodies while the infant's immune system is still immature.
D) breastfeeding is associated with fewer ear infections.

Question 62

Breast milk production requires approximately ____ kilocalies per day.

A) 200
B) 400
C) 800
D) 1,000

Question 63

The U.S. Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains

A) 400 micrograms of folic acid.
B) 15 milligrams of iron.
C) 500 milligrams of calcium.
D) 40 micrograms of zinc.

Question 64

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malfmations called

A) chronic cirrhosis.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Question 65

All of the following are advantages to breastfeeding except

A) breastfed infants have fewer gastrointestinal infections.
B) breastfed infants have fewer respiratory infections.
C) breast milk is free of environmental contaminants.
D) breastfeeding is less expensive than formula-feeding.

Question 66

During each feeding, human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?

A) carbohydrate increases
B) fat increases
C) minerals decrease
D) protein decreases

Question 67

All of the following are barriers to breastfeeding except

A) lack of role models.
B) having to carry a lot of equipment when traveling.
C) misinformation.
D) fear of appearing immodest.