Deck 15: Nutrition From Infancy Through Adolescence

Question 1

The single best indicat of a child's nutritional status is _______________.

Answer 1

growth

Question 2

Mild deficiencies of the mineral _______________ in children in the United States have been linked to po growth.

Answer 2

zinc OR Zn

Question 3

A mineral that may be less than adequate in the diets of adolescent girls is ____________.

Answer 3

iron OR Fe OR calcium OR Ca

Question 4

Feign proteins that cause adverse reactions in the body are called _______________.

Question 5

Accding to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to increase his her birth length by _______________ percent in 1 year.

Question 6

Accding to current growth charts, an infant will double his her birth weight at about ______ months of age.

A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 9

Question 7

Adequate _________ status can reduce lead absption.

Question 8

Freddie is 8 months old and weighs 9 kilograms. He needs about ______ grams of protein per day.

Question 9

Newbn infants are routinely given injections of _______________.

Question 10

An infant requires approximately _______________ cups of fluids per day.

Question 11

Teenagers get approximately one-fourth to one-third of their total energy intake from ___________.

Question 12

"Nursing bottle syndrome" results in _______________ in bottle-fed infants.

Question 13

In the sht-term, gains in ____________ are a good indicat of nutritional status. The best indicat of long-term nutritional status in a child is gains in ____________.

Question 14

Per kilogram of body weight, the energy needs of a six-month-old infant are approximately ______ to ______ times higher than adult needs.

Question 15

In general, premature infants can be expected to reach nmal height and weight by _______________ to _______________ years.

Question 16

Accding to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to _______________ his her birth weight by 1 year of age.

Question 17

An infant's length will increase by ______ percent in the first year.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 35
D) 50

Question 18

Essential fatty acids should provide about _______________% of total fat intake f infants.

Question 19

____________ is an appropriate nutrient supplement f most breastfed infants.

Question 20

Essential fatty acids should make up ______ percent of the total fat intake of infants.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 21

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during

A) pregnancy.
B) infancy.
C) lactation.
D) childhood.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true?

A) There is strong evidence that infant obesity will result in adulthood obesity.
B) Obese infants become obese preschool children.
C) Most overweight infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) Calories should be restricted for obese infants to levels less than those for normal weight infants.

Question 23

Human milk provides _______ percent of kilocalies from protein.

A) 6-7
B) 7-8
C) 9-10
D) >15

Question 24

Typically, preterm infants will catch up in growth by ______ of age

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 to 3 years
D) 4 to 5 years

Question 25

Approximately one third of children in developing nations are sht and underweight f their age. The most frequent cause is

A) weaning to high-carbohydrate, low-protein diets.
B) diets low in essential fatty acids.
C) weaning to low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets.
D) diets high in protein.

Question 26

Human milk provides approximately ______ percent of kilocalies from fat.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 27

Susie is 3 years old. At her most recent checkup she was at the 20^th percentile f height. This means that she is

A) taller than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
B) shorter than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
C) taller than 20 out of 100 girls her age.
D) taller than 79 out of 100 girls her age.

Question 28

The most sensitive indicat of long-term nutrient intake in a child is

A) weight.
B) height.
C) head circumference.
D) fusion of bone ends.

Question 29

Iron stes present at birth generally are depleted by ______ to ______ months.

A) 1; 2
B) 4; 6
C) 6; 8
D) 8; 10

Question 30

F a girl, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs

A) before the onset of menses.
B) 2 years after the onset of menses.
C) 1 year after the onset of menses.
D) 3 years after the onset of menses.

Question 31

The fluid requirements of the infant are approximately __________ cups per day.

A) 2
B) 1
C) 4
D) 3

Question 32

Based on body weight comparisons, at 6 months of age, a child's energy needs (kcal/kg) are approximately how many times higher than adult needs?

A) 1-2
B) 2-3
C) 2-4
D) 5-6

Question 33

Brain growth is most rapid in infancy but stops by about what age?

A) 9 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 3 years

Question 34

Daily protein needs during infancy vary from ______ to ______ grams per day.

A) 5; 10
B) 9; 14
C) 15; 25
D) 0.8; 0.95

Question 35

F children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are

A) BMI-for-age.
B) head circumference and height-for-age.
C) weight-for-height and head circumference.
D) weight-for-age and height-for-age.

Question 36

What vitamin routinely is given by injection to all infants at birth?

A) A
B) E
C) K
D) D

Question 37

The new WHO growth standards stress that _______________ is the biological nm f infant nutrition.

A) feeding infant formula
B) breastfeeding
C) feeding cows' milk
D) feeding infant formula and cereal

Question 38

Breast milk contains approximately how many kilocalies per quart?

A) 450
B) 570
C) 600
D) 640

Question 39

Mildred is wried about her infant becoming obese in adulthood. Which of the following would not be accurate infmation if you were attempting to counsel her?

A) Fat cells can increase in number during infancy and adulthood.
B) If she limits calories during infancy, the growth of other organ systems may be restricted.
C) Most obese infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) Her infant should limit fat to 20 percent of his or her calories to prevent obesity.

Question 40

Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?

A) Lean meats
B) Milk
C) Orange juice
D) Egg whites

Question 41

Weight gain during the second through about the eighth year of life is about ______ pounds per year.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 42

Infants need fat because it aids in absption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop.

A) kidneys
B) nervous system
C) reproductive system
D) skin

Question 43

Feeding problems may develop during the preschool years partially because of

A) decreased appetite associated with decreased growth rate.
B) increased appetite associated with increased growth rate.
C) increased metabolic rate.
D) increased need for finger foods.

Question 44

It is impractical to introduce solid foods into an infant's diet befe 4 to 6 months of age, because until that time

A) kidney function is limited.
B) starch-digesting enzymes are not very active.
C) food allergies are less likely.
D) head and neck control are not established.

Question 45

All of the following practices may help to reduce lead exposure except

A) using hot instead of cold tap water to prepare foods and beverages.
B) consuming a variety of whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.
C) allowing cold water to run from the tap for 2 - 3 minutes after a long period of inactivity.
D) ensuring adequate iron, zinc, calcium, thiamin, and vitamin E intakes.

Question 46

The nutrient needs of preschool children are relatively great, so it may be imptant to

A) serve high-fat foods.
B) provide vitamin supplements.
C) withhold liquids until after meals.
D) serve snacks daily in addition to meals.

Question 47

High-fiber diets are

A) recommended for infants after 4 months of age.
B) recommended for infants after 6 months of age.
C) not recommended for infants.
D) recommended for breastfed infants only.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disder is true?

A) Autism spectrum disorder can both affect and be affected by nutritional status.
B) Food allergens may contribute to ASD by altering cardiovascular system function.
C) Nutritional interventions are useless in the treatment of ASD.
D) Research shows a causal link between childhood vaccinations and ASD.

Question 49

All of the following are true about "nursing bottle syndrome" except

A) it causes tooth decay in bottle-fed infants.
B) it is associated with an infant keeping a bottle in his or her mouth while sleeping.
C) it results from the teeth being bathed in carbohydrate-rich fluid.
D) it is associated with not brushing the infant's gums at least 3 times per week.

Question 50

The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's milk diet are

A) egg whites.
B) pureed meats.
C) pureed fruits.
D) iron-fortified cereals.

Question 51

Preschool children should be encouraged to try new foods. If a child is reluctant to do so, it is best to

A) ask that he or she at least taste it.
B) withhold dessert until what is on the plate is eaten.
C) quietly remove it and never try again.
D) encourage other family members to coax him or her to eat.

Question 52

Iron-deficiency anemia in the latter part of infancy is associated with

A) a diet containing few solid foods.
B) a diet dominated by commercial infant cereals.
C) medicinal iron supplements.
D) a diet dominated by carbohydrates.

Question 53

Accding to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet is

A) less than 1 month.
B) 1 to 4 months.
C) 4 to 6 months.
D) over 8 months.

Question 54

All of the following should be omitted from an infant's diet except

A) iron.
B) low-fat milk.
C) hot dogs.
D) honey.

Question 55

All of the following are true about readiness to add solid foods to an infant's diet except

A) the infant has head and neck control.
B) the infant is consuming more than 32 ounces of formula or breastfeeding more than 8-10 times per day.
C) the infant is able to put food in its mouth.
D) the infant is at least 13 pounds.

Question 56

Many fmula products f infants contain

A) lactose, heat-treated cows' milk protein, and vegetable oils.
B) soy protein, glucose, and vegetable oils.
C) fructose and heat-treated cow's milk protein.
D) galactose and vegetable oils.

Question 57

Which of the following is not true about snacks f preschool children?

A) They are inappropriate and should be avoided.
B) They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals.
C) They can assist in introducing children to new foods.
D) They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total day's nutrient intake.

Question 58

At age 4 to 6 months an infant can do all of the following except

A) sit up.
B) turn his or her head away when he or she feels full.
C) control tongue thrust.
D) handle finger foods.

Question 59

Popular and potentially useful nutritional interventions f children with autism spectrum disder include all of the following except

A) omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
B) the gluten-free, casein-free diet.
C) probiotics.
D) a low-fat diet.

Question 60

Which of the following is a reliable indicat of generally good nutrition status in young children?

A) The presence of subcutaneous fat
B) Consumption of foods from several groups
C) Regular gains in height and weight
D) The child's interest in a variety of foods

Question 61

Today, most females reach their full height

A) by menarche.
B) within 7 months of menarche.
C) within 2 years after menarche.
D) by the age of 19.

Question 62

The adolescent growth spurt

A) begins earlier in boys than girls.
B) begins earlier in girls than boys.
C) decreases energy and nutrient needs.
D) begins at the same age for boys and girls.

Question 63

Absence of breakfast f children is associated with

A) increased attention span and decreased performance in sports.
B) decreased performance in school and no impact on attention span.
C) decreased performance in school and decreased attention span.
D) decreased performance in sports and no impact on attention span.

Question 64

Teenagers are at risk of deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

A) Fats and protein
B) Calcium and folate
C) Calcium and iron
D) Iron and sodium

Question 65

In adults, the most common type of food allergy is

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 66

An adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system is

A) a food allergy.
B) a food intolerance.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) a food deterrence.

Question 67

Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy f children?

A) Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat.
B) Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.
C) Children should be forced to eat what is good for them.
D) Parents should present nutritious food choices and not worry about their own eating habits.

Question 68

Approximately what percentage of obese adolescents become obese adults?

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 69

Which of the following in not a common food allergen?

A) Fruits
B) Corn
C) Nuts
D) Seafood

Question 70

All of the following are recommended to help preschoolers eat vegetables except

A) show the child you like vegetables.
B) promise dessert when vegetables are eaten.
C) offer new vegetables with familiar foods.
D) serve vegetables undercooked and crunchy.

Question 71

Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

A) Calcium and phosphorus
B) Iron and calcium
C) Magnesium and zinc
D) Iron and phosphorus

Question 72

F the me than 30% of school-age children who are overweight obese, experts generally recommend

A) severe caloric restriction.
B) limiting physical activity to avoid stressing the joints.
C) early diabetes and cholesterol screening.
D) bariatric surgery.

Question 73

In children under 3 years of age, the most common type of food allergy is

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 74

Federally funded programs, such as TEAM Nutrition and CDC's National Bone Health Campaign, promote

A) good dental hygiene.
B) a vegetarian lifestyle.
C) total avoidance of fats and sweets.
D) early development of healthy eating and exercise habits.

Question 75

Which of the following is true about teens and vegetable consumption?

A) Most teens generally get all of their vegetable requirements on a daily basis.
B) Most of a teen's vegetable intake is from pizza sauce.
C) Potato chips and French fries make up more than one-third of the vegetable intake of teens.
D) Vegetable nutrients are not important during teenage development.

Question 76

Approximately what percentage of obese children become obese adults?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 77

Adolescents obtain ______ percent of their energy and nutrient intakes from snacks.

A) 15 to 23
B) 25 to 33
C) 43 to 53
D) 50 to 63

Question 78

All of the following are characteristics of food allergies except

A) they are a disorder of the immune system.
B) they are most frequently linked to milk, eggs, nuts, or wheat.
C) once they develop, they are always permanent.
D) they can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Question 79

Children will me effectively develop the breakfast-eating habit if

A) they are driven to school so that they have time to eat.
B) parents eat breakfast with them.
C) breakfast is prepared for them to eat while their parents are dressing for work.
D) they are given money to buy breakfast on the way to school.

Question 80

In the United States, approximately _____ percent of school-age children are overweight obese.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50