Deck 8: Vitamins

Question 1

_______________ is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin that protects cell membranes, especially of red blood cells, from damage.

Answer 1

Vitamin E OR E OR tocopherol OR alpha-tocopherol

Question 2

The richest food source of prefmed vitamin A is _______________.

Answer 2

liver OR polar bear liver

Question 3

A niacin deficiency causes the disease _______________.

Answer 3

pellagra

Question 4

The vitamin required specifically in carbohydrate metabolism is _______________.

Question 5

Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood leads to ____________.

Question 6

____________ are the fm of vitamin A found in plant foods.

Question 7

Beriberi is caused by a _______________ deficiency.

Question 8

Symptoms of ____________ deficiency include glossitis, dermatitis, cheilosis, eye disders, sun sensitivity, and confusion.

Question 9

The vitamin that poses the greatest risk f toxicity is _______________.

Question 10

The body can produce niacin from the amino acid _______________.

Question 11

A reversible condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin A affecting the visual cycle is _______________.

Question 12

The fat-soluble vitamin that can lead to calcification of soft tissue, such as the kidney, when consumed in large quantities, is _______________.

Question 13

The vitamin that plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism is _______________.

Question 14

With a deficiency of vitamin A, cells that line the cnea of the eye lose their ability to produce mucus. The eye becomes dry and susceptible to infection. This infection eventually leads to blindness. This disease process is called _______________, which means "dry eye."

Question 15

The childhood deficiency disease f vitamin D is called _______________.

Question 16

In general, the richest sources of vitamin E are _______________.

Question 17

Vitamin ______ can be produced in the skin in response to ultraviolet light.

Question 18

____________ are the fm of vitamin A found in animal foods.

Question 19

The vitamin that also is considered a hmone is _______________.

Question 20

In Nth America, the maj dietary source of vitamin ______ is ftified dairy products.

Question 21

The vitamin that can mask B-12 deficiency is _______________.

Question 22

_______________ is a water-soluble vitamin that enhances iron absption.

Question 23

Most vitamin A is sted in the

A) kidneys.
B) small intestine.
C) liver.
D) adipose tissue.

Question 24

Megadoses are defined as vitamin intake ________ times the estimated human need to prevent a deficiency.

A) 1 to 3
B) 3 to 5
C) 2 to 10
D) 50

Question 25

Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?

A) Supplemental vitamins are better than those from food.
B) Occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm.
C) It is hard to get all of the vitamins we need from food.
D) Vitamins consumed in excess are excreted.

Question 26

Which fat-soluble vitamin is imptant f the health of epithelial cells because it promotes mucus production?

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D

Question 27

If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be

A) a doughnut made with enriched white flour.
B) apple juice.
C) a fortified breakfast cereal such as Total Raisin Bran.
D) a banana.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about the fms of vitamin A?

A) Retinoids are found in plant foods.
B) Carotenoids are found in animal foods.
C) Carotenoids can be converted to retinoids.
D) Retinoids are converted to carotenoids.

Question 29

Pernicious anemia is due to an impaired absption of _______________.

Question 30

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

A) Water-soluble vitamins are stored, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are excreted readily.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are less likely to be toxic.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins have much less potential for toxicity.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the regulation of the production and sale of vitamin and mineral supplements?

A) There is no federal legislation regulating supplements.
B) The FDA does not regulate all vitamin and mineral supplements closely.
C) Americans can rest assured that the federal government will protect them from vitamin and mineral supplement overuse.
D) Supplement companies are free to market their products with invalid and illegal claims.

Question 32

Which statement about vitamins is true?

A) Cannot be stored by the body
B) Are inorganic
C) Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
D) Directly supply energy

Question 33

Adequate intake of _______________ can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.

Question 34

Which of the following is true about the absption, transpt, and stage of fat-soluble vitamins?

A) They enter the bloodstream directly after absorption.
B) Fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorption.
C) They are not stored to any great extent.
D) After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and/or stored in the liver and fatty tissue.

Question 35

Which of the following is true about our current knowledge about vitamins?

A) We are sure there are more vitamins to be discovered for humans.
B) We cannot effectively feed individuals intravenously for long periods of time because we do not know about all the vitamins that must be included.
C) Most scientists believe we have discovered all vitamins relevant to humans.
D) We know that there are more fat-soluble vitamins to discover.

Question 36

Overconsumption of vitamins A and E can do all the following except

A) lead to accumulation in the liver.
B) result in toxicity.
C) cure colds and prevent cancer.
D) lead to debilitating side effects.

Question 37

Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?

A) They are stored in the body.
B) Excesses are excreted in the urine.
C) They are transported via the bloodstream.
D) They tend to exist in several biologically active forms.

Question 38

All of the following are true statements regarding fat malabsption except

A) results in decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
B) increases the risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency.
C) increases the risk of developing pellagra or beriberi.
D) increases the risk of developing hypovitaminosis A, rickets, or osteomalacia.

Question 39

Which fat-soluble vitamins are most toxic if consumed in excess amounts over long periods of time?

A) Vitamins D and K
B) Vitamins A and E
C) Vitamins A and D
D) Vitamins E and K

Question 40

Drying of the cnea due to vitamin A deficiency is called

A) apnea.
B) dysphagia.
C) xerophthalmia.
D) cachexia.

Question 41

Which of the following is the best source of prefmed vitamin A?

A) Broccoli
B) Pork chop
C) Chicken breast
D) Liver

Question 42

The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is

A) poultry.
B) whole-grain cereals.
C) yellow squash.
D) fortified milk.

Question 43

A typical serving of which food provides the most vitamin A?

A) Yellow squash
B) Egg
C) Liver
D) Apricot

Question 44

A rich source of vitamin E is

A) an orange.
B) a chicken breast.
C) corn oil.
D) prime rib.

Question 45

The main fm of vitamin E in the body is

A) alpha-tocopherol.
B) gamma-tocopherol.
C) beta-tocopherol.
D) delta-tocopherol.

Question 46

This vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.

A) Niacin
B) Folate/folic acid
C) Riboflavin
D) B-6

Question 47

Gege wants to increase his consumption of vitamin A f the possible cancer risk-reducing effects. Which of the following foods should he choose?

A) Spinach
B) Salmon
C) Pears
D) Potato

Question 48

All of the following are true of B vitamins except they

A) are water soluble.
B) serve as coenzymes.
C) can be lost during food processing and preparation.
D) are stored in the liver.

Question 49

All of the following are true about the toxicity of vitamin A except

A) one can experience toxic effects from consuming too much beta-carotene.
B) fetal malformation can occur.
C) one is unlikely to get toxic doses from eating food.
D) most adverse effects disappear after megadoses stop.

Question 50

Which of the following vitamins has been helpful in large doses as a treatment f acne?

A) C
B) D
C) A
D) E

Question 51

Which of the following serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes, protecting them and DNA inside cells, from damage?

A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin D
C) Niacin
D) Vitamin E

Question 52

The maj effect of taking high doses of vitamin D is

A) excessive acne.
B) calcium deposits in the kidneys and other organs.
C) limb paralysis.
D) a flaky skin rash.

Question 53

Vitamin E functions as a(n)

A) coenzyme.
B) antioxidant.
C) hormone.
D) enzyme.

Question 54

Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because

A) it is absorbed and transported via the lymphatic system.
B) its absorption requires bile and fat.
C) it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun.
D) it can be stored.

Question 55

All of the following are characteristic of vitamin D except

A) facilitates calcium absorption from the small intestine.
B) is activated by the liver and kidney.
C) prevents osteomalacia.
D) causes rickets.

Question 56

In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the

A) kidneys.
B) intestine.
C) lungs.
D) liver.

Question 57

Which of the following is a good source of provitamin A?

A) Orange
B) Apricot
C) Cauliflower
D) Potatoes

Question 58

Which of the following is converted to vitamin A in the body?

A) Retinol
B) Carotenoids
C) Cholesterol
D) Phenylalanine

Question 59

The childhood disease rickets is due to a _______ deficiency.

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin K

Question 60

An imptant role of vitamin K is the synthesis of

A) alpha-tocopherol.
B) rhodopsin.
C) retinol.
D) prothrombin.

Question 61

Some niacin is fmed in the body from

A) phenylalanine.
B) tyrosine.
C) tryptophan.
D) lysine.

Question 62

The best vitamin B-6 food sources include

A) enriched breads and cereals.
B) milk and dairy products.
C) meat, fish, and poultry.
D) deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables.

Question 63

A rich folate food source would be

A) skim milk.
B) roast beef.
C) asparagus.
D) peanuts.

Question 64

Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease

A) pernicious anemia.
B) beriberi.
C) scurvy.
D) pellagra.

Question 65

A deficiency of vitamin B-6 can result in depression, headaches, and confusion. These occur because of impaired

A) hemoglobin synthesis.
B) glucose metabolism.
C) neurotransmitter synthesis.
D) myelin synthesis.

Question 66

The vitamin that prevents beriberi is

A) B-12.
B) niacin.
C) riboflavin.
D) thiamin.

Question 67

Which B vitamin is required f amino acid metabolism?

A) Thiamin
B) Niacin
C) Vitamin B-6
D) Pantothenic acid

Question 68

The B vitamins generally function as

A) antioxidants.
B) coenzymes.
C) emulsifiers.
D) reducing agents.

Question 69

Vitamins involved in red blood cell synthesis are

A) folate and thiamin.
B) thiamin and niacin.
C) vitamin B-12 and folate.
D) folate and pantothenic acid.

Question 70

Intestinal bacteria can make this B vitamin in adequate amounts to meet human needs.

A) Folate
B) Vitamin B-6
C) Pantothenic acid
D) Biotin

Question 71

Which of the following are the best thiamin sources?

A) Pork, whole grains, enriched cereals, legumes
B) Root vegetables, cheddar-type cheese, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables
C) Ham, vegetables of the cabbage family, whole grains
D) Milk, beef, deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables

Question 72

The vitamin that aids in activating fatty acids so they can yield energy is

A) pantothenic acid.
B) biotin.
C) vitamin B-6.
D) thiamin.

Question 73

The vitamin that mainly functions as a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism is

A) thiamin.
B) pyridoxine.
C) niacin.
D) riboflavin.

Question 74

The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are

A) meats.
B) whole grain cereals.
C) milk and dairy products.
D) dark green leafy vegetables.

Question 75

What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency?

A) Pellagra
B) Scurvy
C) Kwashiorkor
D) Beriberi

Question 76

Bill's physician has prescribed an intake of 200 milligrams nicotinic acid (a fm of niacin) to attempt to preserve his health. Which of the following is true about nicotinic acid consumption?

A) It provides no health benefits.
B) It has no toxic effects when consumed in high doses.
C) It can elevate serum triglycerides.
D) It can lower elevated serum cholesterol.

Question 77

A pantothenic acid deficiency

A) is very unlikely because of its widespread availability.
B) is very likely.
C) occurs commonly in children.
D) occurs commonly in the elderly.

Question 78

What vitamin plays an essential role in amino acid metabolism?

A) Thiamin
B) Pyridoxine
C) Riboflavin
D) Niacin

Question 79

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

A) milk.
B) pork.
C) whole grain cereals.
D) dark green vegetables.

Question 80

Pellagra is characterized by all the following except

A) dysphagia.
B) diarrhea.
C) dementia.
D) dermatitis.