Deck 9: Water and Minerals

Question 1

A deficiency of _______________ results in impaired glucose tolerance and elevated blood cholesterol.

Answer 1

chromium OR Cr

Question 2

Consumption of this mineral in water has lowered the rate of dental caries because _______________ strengthens the crystal structure of teeth.

Answer 2

fluoride OR F

Question 3

_______________ is a maj mineral imptant f nerve and heart function and is a cofact f over 300 enzymes. It is a maj constituent of bone and is found in whole grains and vegetables. Low levels of this mineral may be associated with sudden heart attacks.

Answer 3

Magnesium OR Mg

Question 4

The amount of water in each compartment mainly is controlled by

A) oxygen concentration.
B) glucose concentration.
C) the presence of fatty acids.
D) ion concentration.

Question 5

Sodium and chlide are the maj ____________ electrolytes.

Question 6

Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of

A) sodium and chloride.
B) phosphate and potassium.
C) potassium and sodium.
D) chloride and potassium.

Question 7

In people with hypertension, increased intake of _______________ may lower blood pressure. It is found in greatest abundance in fruits and vegetables. A deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat.

Question 8

Potassium and phosphus are the maj ____________ electrolytes.

Question 9

_______________ is the mineral present in the body in greatest quantity. The best dietary sources are milk and dairy products.

Question 10

_______________ is the process of equalizing ion concentration by movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane, such as the one surrounding cells.

Question 11

_______________ is best absbed as the heme fm present in animal products such as beef.

Question 12

During intense vomiting, much _______________ can be lost because this mineral is present in stomach acid.

Question 13

The maj source of ____________ in the American diet is processed foods.

Question 14

Composed primarily of water, metabolic wastes, and minerals, the maj body waste product is ____________.

Question 15

_______________ is a disease in which bone mass is lost to such a degree that fractures can occur in bones, especially the wrist, spine, and hips.

Question 16

_______________ is imptant in the synthesis of hemoglobin and the transpt and stage of iron. With vitamin C, this mineral is imptant in collagen synthesis.

Question 17

Large doses of zinc can cause decreases in _______________ absption.

Question 18

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

A) 10-20
B) 25-45
C) 50-70
D) 75-95

Question 19

_______________ is imptant in the synthesis of thyroid hmone. Lack of it will lead to goiter.

Question 20

A copper deficiency can be created by taking _______________ supplements in high amounts.

Question 21

Which of the following would have the most sodium?

A) Applesauce in a jar
B) Homemade apple pie made with fresh apples
C) Homemade apple pie made with canned fruit filling
D) A prepared apple pie with filling from a can, bought in the store

Question 22

The typical American diet contains approximately ___ milligrams of sodium.

A) 700 to 1,200
B) 1,300 to 2,200
C) 2,300 to 4,700
D) 5,000 to 10,000

Question 23

Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?

A) They make possible the transfer of nerve impulses.
B) They are constituents of important body compounds.
C) They provide 4 kilocalories per gram.
D) They help maintain water balance.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?

A) Thirst is a reliable indicator of how much water an athlete should consume during and after workouts.
B) Antidiuretic hormone is released to force the kidney to conserve water.
C) There is a limit to how concentrated the kidney can make the urine.
D) Even though the kidney can effectively conserve water, insensible water losses must be replenished.

Question 25

The body's need f water is approximately ____ milliliter(s) per kilocalie.

A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 0.5

Question 26

Compared to most municipal water supplies, bottled water

A) is safer to drink.
B) has higher fluoride content.
C) places less of a burden on the environment.
D) is essentially the same.

Question 27

Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will

A) cause damage to the kidneys.
B) result in edema.
C) increase fecal excretion of sodium.
D) increase urinary excretion of sodium.

Question 28

Minerals are classified in which way?

A) Major minerals are needed in amounts greater than 500 mg per day.
B) Trace minerals are needed in amounts less than 100 mg per day.
C) Trace minerals are needed in amounts less than 10 mg per day.
D) Major minerals are needed in amounts greater than 200 mg per day.

Question 29

Adult men need how much total water intake per day?

A) 2.2 liters (9 cups)
B) 2.7 liters (11 cups)
C) 3.0 liters (13 cups)
D) 3.7 liters (15 cups)

Question 30

A liter of perspiration lost by the body represents ____ kilocalies.

A) 200
B) 400
C) 600
D) 800

Question 31

In the United States, the safety of municipal water supplies is regulated by the

A) Environmental Protection Agency.
B) United States Department of Agriculture.
C) Food and Drug Administration.
D) International Bottled Water Association.

Question 32

The Beverage Guidance System recommends that fluids should provide ______ of total calies consumed.

A) 0%
B) less than 10%
C) no more than 20%
D) at least 50%

Question 33

Adult women need how much total water intake per day?

A) 1.5 liters (6 cups)
B) 2.2 liters (9 cups)
C) 2.7 liters (11 cups)
D) 3 liters (13 cups)

Question 34

Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via

A) conduction.
B) radiation.
C) respiration.
D) evaporation.

Question 35

All foods in their unprocessed fm tend to be low in sodium except

A) milk and dairy products.
B) whole grains.
C) legumes.
D) fruits.

Question 36

The two most significant extracellular ions are

A) sodium and chloride.
B) phosphate and potassium.
C) potassium and sodium.
D) chloride and potassium.

Question 37

Joe is a wrestler and during his wkouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?

A) 2 to 4 cups
B) 4 to 6 cups
C) 6 to 8 cups
D) 8 to 10 cups

Question 38

Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability?

A) Minerals from plants are better absorbed than those from animal products.
B) Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants.
C) The trace mineral content of plants is relatively constant no matter which soil serves as the medium.
D) Refining foods will increase the trace mineral content.

Question 39

Of the following foods, which one is lowest in sodium?

A) Pepperoni pizza
B) Macaroni salad
C) Milk
D) Grape juice

Question 40

Potassium perfms all the following functions except which one?

A) It maintains the ability to see at night.
B) It maintains fluid balance.
C) It assists nerve transmission.
D) It maintains normal heart function.

Question 41

The maj chlide source in the diet is

A) nuts.
B) milk.
C) cheese.
D) salt.

Question 42

Lowering blood pressure is associated with which of the following minerals?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Cadmium
D) Chloride

Question 43

We get most of the sulfur in our diets from

A) carbohydrates.
B) water.
C) fats and oils.
D) proteins.

Question 44

Magnesium is provided in the diet primarily by

A) whole grains.
B) meat.
C) legumes.
D) milk.

Question 45

The mineral that is least likely to be deficient in the American diet is

A) calcium.
B) phosphorus.
C) iron.
D) copper.

Question 46

Magnesium deficiency causes all of the following except

A) irregular heartbeat.
B) muscle pain.
C) seizures.
D) anemia.

Question 47

Accding to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is

A) iron.
B) iodine.
C) calcium.
D) copper.

Question 48

The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by

A) excretion in the urine.
B) absorption in the small intestine.
C) absorption through the skin.
D) absorption in the large intestine.

Question 49

The most nutrient-dense calcium food source is

A) dark green vegetables.
B) meat.
C) milk and dairy products.
D) cereal grains.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true about iron?

A) Iron deficiency anemia is found among young children, adolescents, and menstruating women.
B) Sixty-five percent of dietary iron is absorbed.
C) An iron-deficient individual absorbs less iron.
D) Excess dietary iron is excreted readily via the kidneys.

Question 51

The best food source of iron is

A) whole wheat bread.
B) egg yolk.
C) raisins.
D) liver.

Question 52

The AI f sodium f those under 51 years of age is

A) 500 mg/day.
B) 1000 mg/day.
C) 1500 mg/day.
D) 2000 mg/day.

Question 53

Which of the following food combinations would provide the most phosphus?

A) Strawberries, orange juice, potatoes
B) Cream of wheat, enriched bread, muffin
C) Cheeseburger on whole wheat bun, cola
D) Broccoli and cauliflower salad

Question 54

Which of the following is not a function of calcium?

A) Muscle contraction
B) Appetite regulation
C) Blood clotting
D) Normal nerve transmission

Question 55

Which would you expect to furnish the largest amount of calcium?

A) 1 medium egg
B) 1 slice of bread
C) 1 ounce of cheese
D) 1 medium apple

Question 56

Of the following, the best source of potassium is

A) fresh spinach.
B) milk.
C) white bread.
D) canned tuna.

Question 57

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in

A) milk and dairy products.
B) meats.
C) fruits and vegetables.
D) refined grains.

Question 58

What is magnesium's primary function?

A) It acts as the carrier for calcium absorption.
B) It is important in hemoglobin synthesis.
C) It maintains mucus production in the digestive tract.
D) It is important for nerve and heart function.

Question 59

In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in

A) the liver.
B) intracellular fluid.
C) bones and teeth.
D) nerve cells.

Question 60

Phosphus functions in all the following ways except which one?

A) It is a cofactor for a variety of enzymes.
B) It is important for blood glucose regulation.
C) It is a component of cell membranes.
D) It is a component of DNA.

Question 61

This mineral can be protective f the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities.

A) Fluoride
B) Copper
C) Iron
D) Selenium

Question 62

The best-absbed iron source is found in which of the following foods?

A) Sirloin steak
B) Broccoli
C) Kidney beans
D) Cheese

Question 63

A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the United States may be linked to

A) impaired glucose tolerance.
B) elevated calcitriol levels.
C) lowered serum cholesterol levels.
D) elevated blood pressure.

Question 64

Which of the following is the best copper source?

A) Beef liver
B) Milk
C) Carrots
D) Legumes

Question 65

A severe iodide deficiency during early pregnancy may result in an infant afflicted with

A) scurvy.
B) rickets.
C) cretinism.
D) xerophthalmia.

Question 66

In women, bone loss begins around age

A) 20.
B) 25.
C) 30.
D) 35.

Question 67

A reduced sense of taste is associated with a deficiency of

A) iron.
B) zinc.
C) chromium.
D) selenium.

Question 68

The mineral that protects tooth enamel from erosion by acid-producing bacteria is

A) selenium.
B) zinc.
C) copper.
D) fluoride.

Question 69

Copper's functions consist of all the following except

A) connective tissue formation.
B) thyroid hormone synthesis.
C) iron release from storage.
D) hemoglobin formation.

Question 70

The first line of defense against bone loss in those at risk f osteoposis is

A) consuming adequate bone building nutrients.
B) hormone therapy.
C) increasing physical activity.
D) limiting sodium and caffeine intakes.

Question 71

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at above ____ mm Hg.

A) 100/50
B) 120/80
C) 140/90
D) 180/100

Question 72

Which of the following foods is highest in selenium?

A) Raisins
B) Special K
C) Skim milk
D) Tuna

Question 73

People who eat large amounts of seaweed can consume toxic levels of which trace mineral?

A) Selenium
B) Iron
C) Zinc
D) Iodide

Question 74

Which of the following is true about selenium?

A) It is needed for insulin formation and use.
B) An excess can cause hypertension.
C) It acts as a cofactor in protein metabolism.
D) It acts as an antioxidant.

Question 75

A mineral that has antioxidant functions and has been suggested to reduce cancer risk is

A) iron.
B) calcium.
C) selenium.
D) sulfur.

Question 76

Which of the following is a good chromium source?

A) Cherries
B) Whole grains
C) Enriched, refined grains
D) Drinking water

Question 77

A goiter may fm as a consequence of an inadequate intake of

A) copper.
B) magnesium.
C) sodium.
D) iodide.

Question 78

The best zinc source is

A) turkey.
B) cheese.
C) pears.
D) potatoes.