Deck 3: The Human Body: a Nutrition Perspective

Question 1

_______________ absption requires a carrier and energy.

Answer 1

Active

Question 2

A(n) _______________ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen ions.

Answer 2

proton pump inhibitor OR PPI

Question 3

Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron.

A) B vitamins
B) calcium and magnesium
C) cholesterol
D) sodium and potassium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The large intestine's main role is to absb water and _______________.

Question 5

A muscular ring that prevents backflow of materials into the previous digestive compartment is called a _______________.

Question 6

After absption from the small intestine into the ptal vein, amino acids are carried to the _______________.

Question 7

When looking at the ganization of the human body, smaller units lead to progressively larger units. F instance, groups of atoms are called molecules, groups of cells are called _______________, and various gans that wk in codination are called gan systems.

Question 8

The wall of the small intestine is folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called _______________.

Question 9

______________________________ are sometimes called the "power plants" the "powerhouse" of the cell.

Question 10

Most nutrients from the digestive tract enter the liver through the _______________ vein.

Question 11

The _______________ prevents the entrance of food into the trachea.

Question 12

Most digestive and absptive activities occur in the _______________.

Question 13

Which of the following act as a code book f synthesizing specific proteins required to perfm specific body tasks?

A) RNA
B) Cells
C) Organs
D) DNA

Question 14

Partially digested food in the stomach is also known as _______________.

Question 15

The digestive system suppts the ______ system by destroying pathogens and preventing microganisms from entering the bloodstream.

Question 16

The action of circular and longitudinal muscles that move digestive material along the GI tract is called _______________.

Question 17

When a nutrient moves from an area of higher concentration into an absptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called _______________.

Question 18

The primary components of fecal material are water and _______________.

Question 19

Messages are transmitted from one neuron to another by the action of _______________________________.

Question 20

The _______________ system is responsible f transpting fat-soluble nutrients from the digestive system to the bloodstream.

Question 21

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

A) Pyloric
B) Esophageal
C) Rectal
D) Ileocecal

Question 22

Most digestion takes place in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) pancreas.
D) large intestine.

Question 23

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

A) Epiglottis
B) Tongue
C) Tonsils
D) Esophagus

Question 24

After digestion and absption, which circulaty system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

A) Portal
B) Enterohepatic
C) Lymphatic
D) Mesentery

Question 25

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the

A) pyloric sphincter.
B) esophageal sphincter.
C) Sphincter of Oddi.
D) ileocecal sphincter.

Question 26

The ________________________ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins.

A) lymphatic
B) immune
C) cardiovascular
D) endocrine

Question 27

All of the following are features of the epiglottis except which one?

A) It covers the opening of the trachea.
B) It prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.
C) It guides food down the esophagus.
D) It is the first GI tract sphincter.

Question 28

Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transpting them to the liver?

A) Portal vein
B) Mesenteric vein
C) Subclavian vein
D) Hepatic vein

Question 29

Bone, cartilage, muscle, and nerves are considered

A) organs.
B) organ systems.
C) tissues.
D) organisms.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A) Contributes to acid-base balance of the blood
B) Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins
C) Helps to regulate water content of the body
D) Excretion of water-soluble vitamins

Question 31

Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?

A) It is composed of a mucus-like substance.
B) It picks up and transports dietary lipid.
C) It serves to transport fat- and water-soluble vitamins to the heart.
D) It funnels nutrients to the liver via a one-way pump.

Question 32

The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.

A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) endocrine
D) cardiovascular

Question 33

What is one function of the pylic sphincter?

A) Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach
B) Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus
C) Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
D) Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

Question 34

All of the following must be supplied by the diet to suppt the chemical processes of human physiology except

A) phytochemicals.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 35

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

Question 36

Blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the

A) kidneys.
B) heart.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.

Question 37

The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

A) hormones
B) chemical energy
C) vitamins
D) structural components

Question 38

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?

A) The specialized fluid carried by this system is blood.
B) This system never intersects with the bloodstream.
C) It is not involved in the transport of nutrients.
D) It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

Question 39

Which hmone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate?

A) insulin
B) thyroid hormone
C) vitamin D
D) glucagon

Question 40

Where does digestion begin?

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Esophagus
D) Small intestine

Question 41

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?

A) Breaks apart food particles
B) Controls passage of food through the GI tract
C) Controls peristalsis
D) Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract

Question 42

These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions me likely to happen.

A) Bile
B) Emulsifiers
C) Enzymes
D) Hormones

Question 43

The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called

A) nutrigenomics.
B) food biotechnology.
C) nutritional biochemistry.
D) genetic engineering.

Question 44

Which of the following, upon digestion, is not nmally absbed directly into the bloodstream?

A) Minerals
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins

Question 45

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A) Emulsifies fats
B) Neutralizes stomach acid
C) Digests food
D) Protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Question 46

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat me available to digestive enzymes?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Mucus
C) Bile
D) Pancreatic juices

Question 47

What percentage of a meal has been absbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

A) 25%
B) 55%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 48

Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes?

A) One enzyme can speed many types of chemical processes.
B) Enzymes are not sensitive to temperature.
C) Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.
D) Enzymes typically work independently of vitamins or minerals.

Question 49

Which of the following is not considered part of the GI tract?

A) Anus
B) Lungs
C) Colon
D) Esophagus

Question 50

Which of the following gans serves as a stage depot f many vitamins and minerals?

A) kidney
B) stomach
C) brain
D) liver

Question 51

Which of the following is not a sht-term stage site f carbohydrates in the body?

A) blood
B) liver
C) brain
D) muscle

Question 52

Which of the following meals would leave the stomach last?

A) Bagel, orange juice, and banana
B) Non-fat yogurt, banana, and skim milk
C) Raisin Bran, skim milk, English muffin, and coffee
D) Sausage, egg, cheese, biscuit, and coffee

Question 53

Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

A) Pancreas and small intestine
B) Liver and large intestine
C) Pancreas and large intestine
D) Liver and pancreas

Question 54

Which of the following is a description of chyme?

A) A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines
B) The semisolid mass of undigested food that is swallowed
C) The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion
D) A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

Question 55

Which of the following is not a sphincter?

A) Duodenal
B) Esophageal
C) Pyloric
D) Ileocecal

Question 56

The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called

A) regurgitation.
B) peristalsis.
C) propulsion.
D) compression.

Question 57

The ring-like muscles that retard prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called

A) sphincters.
B) passages.
C) openings.
D) gates.

Question 58

The study of how food impacts health through its interaction with our genes and its subsequent effect on gene expression is called

A) epidemiology.
B) molecular biology.
C) nutrigenomics.
D) genetic engineering.

Question 59

Which of the following body gans produces bile?

A) Stomach
B) Salivary glands
C) Pancreas
D) Liver

Question 60

Peristalsis refers to

A) chewing and swallowing.
B) the opening and closing of sphincters.
C) the action of bile on dietary fat.
D) muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.

Question 61

Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called

A) bolus.
B) mass.
C) chyme.
D) bile.

Question 62

All of the following are characteristics of heartburn except which one?

A) It is a gnawing pain in the upper chest.
B) It is caused by a backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.
C) It can damage the esophagus because it has no mucus lining to protect the esophagus.
D) It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal.

Question 63

A function of the large intestine is to absb

A) fats and proteins.
B) vitamins and minerals.
C) water and minerals.
D) proteins and carbohydrates.

Question 64

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to

A) promote fat digestion.
B) activate stomach enzymes.
C) protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.
D) keep the stomach bacteria-free.

Question 65

Which pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?

A) Neutral
B) Both acidic and basic
C) Acidic
D) Basic

Question 66

Which of the following is true regarding bile?

A) It is secreted in response to the presence of carbohydrates in the small intestine.
B) It stimulates the release of pancreatic juices.
C) It is produced by the liver.
D) It is a hormone.

Question 67

Constipation can best be prevented by

A) eating dietary fiber.
B) restricting fluids.
C) restricting physical exercise.
D) using laxatives.

Question 68

The most active area f the absption of nutrients into the body is the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine.
D) liver.

Question 69

A recurrent and me serious fm of heartburn, also known as acid reflux, is called

A) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B) cardiovascular reflux disease.
C) esophageal ulceritis.
D) gastric distress.

Question 70

Which of the following therapies is appropriate f ulcer treatment?

A) Aspirin
B) Antacids
C) Orange juice
D) Milk and cream

Question 71

In passive absption, nutrients enter the cell

A) with a carrier.
B) with the expenditure of energy.
C) from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
D) from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

Question 72

Which of the following is an imptant dietary recommendation f avoiding heartburn?

A) Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.
B) Eat large meals.
C) Eat meals low in carbohydrate.
D) Avoid fluids.

Question 73

Antibiotic treatment of infection with the bacteria ______________ heals some stomach ulcers and prevents their recurrence.

A) Salmonella
B) Helicobacter pylori
C)
D) Clostridium botulinum
E) coli

Question 74

Absption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms except

A) sustained absorption.
B) passive absorption.
C) active absorption.
D) facilitated absorption.

Question 75

A hmone responds to food entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release

A) bicarbonate.
B) acid.
C) bile.
D) mucus.

Question 76

The villi of the small intestine

A) provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption.
B) store fat-soluble vitamins.
C) continuously move food through the small intestine to the colon.
D) inactivate enzymes consumed with food.

Question 77

Excessive acid production in the stomach upper small intestine could result in

A) poor iron, calcium, and folate absorption.
B) excessive intestinal bacterial growth.
C) an ulcer.
D) decreased fiber digestion and absorption.

Question 78

Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the absption of fat to facilitate its digestion?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Pancreatic juices
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Bile