Question 1

Which of the following is true about a 95% confidence interval of the mean for a sample of grocery shoppers rating their favourite store?&#10;A) 95 out of 100 sample means will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.&#10;B) There is a 95% chance that the population mean will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.&#10;C) 95 out of 100 population means will fall within the limits of the confidence interval.&#10;D) There is a .05 probability that the population mean falls within the limits of the confidence interval

Accepted Answer

A 95% confidence interval means that if we were to repeat the sampling process many times and construct a confidence interval each time with the same sample size and level of confidence, we can expect 95% of the intervals to contain the true population mean. However, we cannot say that a specific confidence interval with 95% confidence contains the true population mean with a 95% chance or probability.

Question 2

What is a significance level?&#10;A) The level at which statistics finally become meaningful&#10;B) The impact that reporting statistics incorrectly could have.&#10;C) A pre-set level of probability what the results are correct&#10;D) A pre-set level of probability at which it will be accepted that results are due to chance (or not).

Accepted Answer

A significance level is a pre-set level of probability at which it will be accepted that results are due to chance (or not). This is important in statistical hypothesis testing, where we want to determine if a relationship or difference between groups is statistically significant or simply due to chance. A common significance level is 0.05, which means that if the probability of getting the observed results or more extreme results by chance is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a statistically significant difference or relationship.

Question 3

A null hypothesis.&#10;A) States that the experimental treatment will have an effect.&#10;B) Is rarely used in experiments.&#10;C) Predicts that an experimental treatment will have no effect on a dependent variable of interest.&#10;D) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

A null hypothesis is a statement that predicts no difference or no relationship between variables, such as an experimental treatment and a dependent variable. In other words, it assumes that the treatment will have no effect on the outcome of interest. This is important because it allows researchers to test whether there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis and support an alternative hypothesis, which may predict a difference or a relationship. Therefore, choice C correctly defines a null hypothesis, while choices A and B are incorrect.

Question 4

What is the conventional level of probability that is often accepted when conducting statistical tests in social science and business?&#10;A) 0.1&#10;B) 0.05&#10;C) 0.5&#10;D) 0.001

Accepted Answer

The conventional level of probability that is often accepted when conducting statistical tests in social science and business is 0.05, which means that there is a 5% chance of obtaining the observed result by chance. This level of probability is commonly referred to as the "significance level" or "alpha level" in statistical analysis. It is considered to be a reasonable balance between making false positive errors (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true) and false negative errors (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false).

Question 5

If we calculated that the correlation (i.e. the effect size) of company size and sales revenue for various organizations was r = .42, which expression would best describe this relationship?&#10;A) Small&#10;B) Small to medium&#10;C) Large&#10;D) Medium to large

Accepted Answer

A correlation of r = .42 is generally considered to be a medium to large effect size in the context of social sciences.

Question 6

The standard deviation is the square root of?&#10;A) The coefficient of determination&#10;B) Sum of squares&#10;C) Variance&#10;D) Range

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation is the square root of variance, which is a measure of how spread out a set of data is. It is calculated by taking the sum of the squared differences between each data point and the mean, dividing by the number of data points, and then taking the square root of the result. The other options, such as coefficient of determination, sum of squares, and range, are not directly related to the calculation of standard deviation.

Question 7

A Type I error is when?&#10;A) We conclude that there is a meaningful effect in the population when in fact there is not.&#10;B) We conclude that there is not a meaningful effect in the population when in fact there is.&#10;C) We conclude that the test statistic is significant when in fact it is not.&#10;D) The data we have typed into SPSS is different than the data collected.

Accepted Answer

A Type I error occurs when we falsely reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a significant effect in the population when there is not actually one.

Question 8

What does a significant test statistic tell us?&#10;A) There is an important effect.&#10;B) The hull hypothesis is false.&#10;C) There is an effect in the population of sufficient magnitude to be scientifically interesting.&#10;D) All of the above,

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does a significant test statistic tell...

Question 9

If research suggests that the mean number of insurance quotations a person makes in a year is 26 with a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score for a score of 18?&#10;A) -2&#10;B) 11&#10;C) 2&#10;D) -1.41

Accepted Answer

The z-score is calculated by subtracting the mean from the score and then dividing by the standard deviation: $z = \frac{(X - \mu)}{\sigma}$. Here, $X = 18$, $\mu = 26$, and $\sigma = 4$, so $z = \frac{(18 - 26)}{4} = \frac{-8}{4} = -2$.

Question 10

The aim of experimental research is to?&#10;A) Be a phenomenon&#10;B) Cause a phenomenon&#10;C) Investigate what caused a phenomenon&#10;D) Prevent a phenomenon

Accepted Answer

The aim of experimental research is to investigate what caused a phenomenon. This involves manipulating variables and observing the effects on the outcome in order to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships.

Question 11

Which of the following terms best describes the sentence: 'organizations with employee training programmes will not employ fewer men or women'.&#10;A) A directional hypothesis&#10;B) An operational definition&#10;C) A null hypothesis&#10;D) A non-directional hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following terms best describes...

Question 12

'Reducing the advertising budget will reduce short-term sales performance'. State the direction of this hypothesis.&#10;A) Directional&#10;B) Non-directional&#10;C) Both&#10;D) Not enough information given.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 'Reducing the advertising budget will reduce short-term...

Question 13

Which of these statements about statistical power is not true?&#10;A) Power is the ability of a test to detect an effect.&#10;B) We can use power to determine how big a sample is required to detect an effect of a certain size.&#10;C) Power is linked to the probability of making a Type I error.&#10;D) All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these statements about statistical power...

Question 14

Which of these statements is correct about one- and two-tailed tests?&#10;A) A statistical model that tests a directional hypothesis is called a one-tailed test, whereas one testing a non-directional hypothesis is called a two-tailed test&#10;B) A statistical model that tests a non-directional hypothesis is called a one-tailed test, whereas one testing a directional hypothesis is called a two-tailed test.&#10;C) A two-tailed test is a more powerful test than a one-tailed test.&#10;D) A one-tailed test is a more accurate test than a two-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these statements is correct about...

Question 15

A frequency distribution in which low scores are most frequent (i.e. bars on the graph are highest on the left-hand side) is said to be.?&#10;A) Positively skewed&#10;B) Leptokurtic&#10;C) Platykurtic&#10;D) Negatively skewed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A frequency distribution in which low scores...

Deck 1: Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistic