Deck 19: Categorical Data

Question 1

Which of the following is an assumption of chi-square?

A) That the data are normally distributed.
B) That each subject contributes data to only one cell.
C) That the data are continuous.
D) That there is little variability amongst the data.

Answer 1

That each subject contributes data to only one cell.

Question 2

Which of these statements is true of Yates's continuity correction?

A) It can potentially be problematic in that it overcorrects and produces chi-square values that are too small.
B) It may be used when Pearson's chi-square makes a Type I error.
C) It is a correction to the Pearson formula.
D) All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Based on the data above, what are the odds of being a man if you prefer negotiating with farmers?

A) 0.47
B) 0.14
C) 0.41
D) 2.13

Answer 3

2.13

Question 4

933 senior buyers were asked which type of business they prefer to negotiate with. Results are below. What is the expected frequency for men who liked to deal with farming businesses?

A) 132
B) 94.19
C) 64.09
D) 27.45

Question 5

Log-linear analysis is not?

A) A goodness-of-fit test that allows you to test all effects
B) A test that employs an algorithm to generate expected cell frequencies for each model
C) A test that will find the model that best represents the data
D) A test that employs a differential analysis

Question 6

When is Fisher's exact test is a suitable alternative to the chi-square test?

A) When the sample is too large for a chi-square test to give a reliable approximation.
B) When SPSS will take too long to calculate a chi-square test.
C) When the sample is too small for a chi-square test to give a reliable approximation.
D) None of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following would you highlight as an advantage of log-linear analysis?

A) It allows analysis of different types of data
B) It provides a systematic approach to the analysis of complex multidimensional tables
C) Empty cells do not lower the power of the test.
D) It means you do not have to compare models.

Question 8

Which of the following is not an assumption for using log-linear analysis?

A) Cells of the contingency table must be independent.
B) All cells must have expected frequencies greater than 5.
C) All cells must have expected frequencies greater than 1.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

When testing several categorical variables, which is the appropriate test of relationship?

A) Chi-square
B) Elaborated chi-square
C) Part correlation
D) Log-linear analysis

Question 10

A new research agency is pitching for a contract at your firm. One of the executives suggests that the chi-square test is a measure of mean distribution. You refute this claim because you are sure that it is a test of what?

A) Difference
B) Relationship
C) Association
D) Factors

Question 11

In SPSS, in which sub-dialog box can the chi-square test be found?

A) Frequencies: Percentages
B) Crosstabs: Statistics
C) Bivariate: Pearson
D) sex: Female

Question 12

You would like to measure whether more men or women recall a new advertisement. You think that a chi-square test will be appropriate, but first you must establish exactly what the analysis does. Which of the following are most representative of this?

A) It compares the frequencies of categories of items in a sample to the frequencies that are expected in the population.
B) It compares the frequencies of categories in the population to those expected in the sample.
C) It compares the mean number of categories in a sample to those in the population.
D) It compares the mean number of frequencies in a population to those in the sample.

Question 13

For the same data, a chi-square test produced the SPSS output below. What can we conclude from this output?

A) That women preferred to negotiate with significantly more businesses than men.
B) That significantly more leisure businesses were negotiated with.
C) That the profile of businesses negotiated with was significantly different between men and women.
D) That men and women negotiate with similar types of businesses.

Question 14

In the following table, what is the value of the missing number marked with a XXX?
SEX * GROUPS Crosstabulation

A) 6
B) 2.6
C) 1.4
D) 9.4

Question 15

In the book, which of the following potential data transformations would you ensure readers knew were necessary before conducting log-linear analysis?

A) Data reduction
B) Logarithmic
C) Linear regression
D) Summary statistics

Question 16

You have been asked to contribute to a new business statistics textbook. Which of the following would you choose to best describe a log-linear analysis?

A) A multivariate alternative to chi-square
B) A multivariate equivalent to linear regression
C) An analytical form of logistic regression
D) A way of working with logarithms when there are a lot of numbers