Deck 8: Socail Relations

Question 1

In comparing the leafcutter ant's (Atta sexdens) society and the naked mole rat's (Heterocephalus glaber) society, there are several similarities in their cooperative living situation. What is the exception?

A) development of castes
B) one female 'queen' breeder per colony
C) all workers are non-breeding females
D) partitioned subterranean living quarters
E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An instance of ______________ occurs when the plumage of male birds becomes increasingly brighter over time.

A) contrasexual selection
B) intrasexual selection
C) intersexual selection
D) multisexual selection
E) dimorphic selection

Answer 2

C

Question 3

____________ produce larger, more energetically costly gametes, while ____________ produce smaller, less costly gametes.

A) Females, males
B) Metamales, females
C) Males, females
D) Males, metafemales
E) Metamales, metafemales

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Thornhill's research on mate selection among scorpionflies (Panorpa latipennis) indicates that male ____________ translates into successful mating opportunities.

A) body size
B) aggressiveness
C) nuptial offering
D) both body size and aggressiveness
E) both body size, aggressiveness, and nuptial offering

Question 5

Secondary sexual characteristics are often considered a handicap because of increased

A) predation.
B) competition.
C) parasitism.
D) infertility.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Guppies live in the streams and rivers of Trinidad and Tobago. The abundance of predaceous fish is highly variable from the stream headwaters to the lowland rivers. This variation in the abundance of predaceous fish results in variation in male guppy _____________ from the stream headwaters to the lowland rivers.

A) mate selection
B) coloration
C) food selection
D) both mate selection and coloration
E) both mate selection and food selection

Question 7

Fitness is defined as the

A) health of an individual organism.
B) ability of an organism to adapt to new environmental situations.
C) quality of offspring produced.
D) number of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Male scorpionflies use which of the following as nuptial offerings?

A) bower constructed from leaves and twigs
B) dead arthropods
C) decomposing berries
D) fecal mass
E) both dead arthropods and fecal mass

Question 9

Male guppies found in populations exposed to few predators are typically

A) highly camouflaged.
B) the same color as guppies found with many predators.
C) seen mating with brightly colored females.
D) brightly colored.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

The difference between a male and a female rests largely on

A) anatomical differences.
B) secondary sexual characteristics.
C) size and energetic cost of gametes.
D) presence or absence of a Y chromosome.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

When investigating haplodiploidy, all of the following statements were found to be true except:

A) siblings are more genetically related than an individual's own offspring.
B) males have one set of chromosomes.
C) kin selection is not implicated.
D) males develop from unfertilized eggs.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

In many species, the females can reproduce by the process of parthenogenesis. Why do males persist in those species?

A) defense
B) to increase the number of offspring produced
C) to assist in rearing of the offspring
D) to decrease the chance of infertility
E) to ensure genetic diversity

Question 13

Research on eusociality suggests that the evolutionary driving force(s) to preserve this form of sociality is/are?

A) kin selection
B) inclusive fitness
C) environmental adaptation
D) both kin selection and inclusive fitness
E) kin selection, inclusive fitness, and environmental adaptation

Question 14

Diane Marshall's evidence for nonrandom mating by pollen donors came from variation among donors in

A) percentage of seeds sired.
B) position of seeds sired.
C) weight of seeds sired.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) both percentage of seeds sired and position of seeds sired.

Question 15

Which of the following terms cannot be used to describe the African green Woodhoopoes?

A) inclusive fitness
B) monogamous
C) kin selection
D) philopatry
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning lion cooperative living is false?

A) Larger coalitions are composed of unrelated males.
B) Prides are composed of closely related females.
C) First and second ranked males sire the majority of cubs.
D) Males taking over a pride will practice infanticide.
E) Female lions nurse each other's cubs.

Question 17

Sociality is generally not accompanied by

A) cooperative feeding.
B) defense of the social group.
C) unlimited reproductive opportunities.
D) restricted reproductive opportunities.
E) related individuals living together.

Question 18

The number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations defines an organism's

A) virility.
B) heritability.
C) fitness.
D) vigor.
E) sustainability.

Question 19

What is not included in the defining characteristics of eusociality?

A) reproductive and non-reproductive castes
B) intrasexual selection of mates
C) multi-generational cohabitation
D) cooperative care of young
E) all are defining characteristics

Question 20

Endler's research on the male guppy (Poecilia reticulate) color indicates that male colorfulness is determined by

A) both predation and sexual selection by females.
B) intrasexual competition.
C) sexual selection by females.
D) both predation and intrasexual competition.
E) predation.

Question 21

Some animals are born as hermaphrodites, but unlike hermaphroditic plants, which can successfully self-pollinate, animal hermaphrodites are sterile.

Question 22

Nonrandom mating, which suggests the potential for mate selection and sexual selection, is possible only for vertebrates.

Question 23

Adult green woodhoopoes will stay close to their natal territories and help raise the young of close relatives, rather than dispersing to produce their own young, because

A) the helpers increase their inclusive fitness.
B) high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited.
C) the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season.
D) both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited.
E) both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season.

Question 24

In which situation will a male lion have the greatest potential for mating?

A) single male
B) coalition of four unrelated males
C) coalition of two unrelated males
D) coalition of eight unrelated males
E) the chance of male lions mating is always the same

Question 25

Some species of animals can switch genders.

Question 26

How is the organization of a leaf cutter ant colony and a colony of naked mole rats similar?

A) individuals are divided among castes
B) one female and a few males breed
C) large workers specialize in defense
D) individuals share a high degree of relatedness
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 27

The African green woodhoopoes tend to show philopatry because of limited availability of quality breeding territories.

Question 28

Intersexual competition generally involves dominance or contest competition, whereas intrasexual selection involves mate selection through secondary sexual competition.

Question 29

If a male scorpionfly (Panorpa latipennis) does not have a dead arthropod to present a potential mate as a nuptial offering, he can often substitute a _______________________.

Question 30

There is a _________________ correlation with the amount of rainfall and the reproductive success of the African green woodhoopoes.