Deck 3: Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Question 1

The attraction between water molecules causes

A) root pressure.
B) xylem.
C) tension.
D) cohesion.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which soil has the largest particles?

A) clay
B) sand
C) loam
D) silt

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In which soil would the percent water be the highest at the wilting point?

A) silty clay
B) sandy clay loam
C) loam
D) sandy loam

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Explain why loam is good for agriculture.

Question 5

Transpiration is

A) the movement of water from the soil to a plant's roots.
B) the absorption of carbon dioxide.
C) the evaporation of water from a leaf.
D) the loss of energy due to respiration.

Question 6

Which statement about electromagnetic wavelength is TRUE?

A) As wavelength increases, energy decreases.
B) The longest wavelength is approximately one metre.
C) About half of electromagnetic wavelengths are visible to the human eye.
D) Gamma radiation is the fastest-moving wavelength.

Question 7

The field capacity of the soil is

A) the number of plants it can support.
B) the amount of water held against gravity.
C) the amount of nutrients the soil can hold.
D) the nutrients accessible to plants.

Question 8

Which is NOT a nutrient that plants obtain from the soil?

A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) calcium
D) phosphorus

Question 9

Which is NOT an adaptation by camels to low water availability?

A) The ability to store excess water.
B) High surface-area-to-volume ratio.
C) Increased tolerance for high body temperature.
D) Increased cooling of the blood for the brain.

Question 10

A plant with a high number of stomata

A) has a high root pressure.
B) is resistant to salinization.
C) has a low rate of photosynthesis.
D) has a high rate of transpiration.
E) can survive high water potential conditions.

Question 11

At what water potential does wilting begin to occur?

A) 1 MPa
B) 0.5 MPa
C) 0 MPa
D) −0.01 MPa
E) −1.5 MPa

Question 12

Salinization

A) can be caused by repeated irrigation.
B) is a process resulting in sandy soil.
C) increases the water potential.
D) leaches away the nutrients in soil.

Question 13

The wavelengths of light suitable for photosynthesis are

A) 220 to 600 nm.
B) 300 to 850 nm.
C) 400 to 700 nm.
D) 100 to 340 nm.
E) 500 to 600 nm.

Question 14

One factor that drives the movement of water from roots to leaves is

A) gravity.
B) tension.
C) concentration differentials.
D) osmotic potential.

Question 15

Why are stomata necessary? What benefit do they provide, and how?

Question 16

How can soil type affect salinization?

Question 17

The potential energy generated by the attractive forces between water molecules and soil particles is

A) osmotic potential.
B) water potential.
C) soil potential.
D) matric potential.

Question 18

What soil would you expect to have the highest field capacity?

A) loam
B) silty clay
C) silt
D) sandy loam
E) silt loam

Question 19

Root cell adaptation to prevent the cell solutes from equilibrating with the water in the soil include
I) semipermeable membranes that prevent the transfer of large molecules.
II) cell membranes that can prevent the transfer of water out of the cell.
III) cell membranes that can actively transport ions across the gradient.

A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) II and III only
D) III only
E) I, II, and III

Question 20

Which electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

A) microwaves
B) infrared rays
C) ultraviolet rays
D) radio waves

Question 21

The first compound formed after light is absorbed by a plant is

A) RuBisCO.
B) ATP.
C) glucose.
D) PEP.

Question 22

An organism's ability to maintain constant internal conditions in the face of a varying external environment is called

A) thermoregulation.
B) metabolism.
C) active regulation.
D) homeostasis.
E) negative feedback.

Question 23

What is the primary cause of increased nitrogen in animals?

A) absorption by the blood during respiration
B) high concentrations in water sources
C) inability to metabolize nitrogen gas
D) the consumption of proteins

Question 24

A unique feature of CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis is

A) the use of oxaloacetic acid.
B) a daily cycle of photosynthesis.
C) increased photosynthesis at high temperatures.
D) the ability to use both phosphoenolpyruvic acid and RuBisCO.

Question 25

Explain how the C₄ pathway reduces reliance on water.

Question 26

Photosynthesis primarily allows plants to gain

A) glucose.
B) oxygen.
C) nitrogen.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 27

The Calvin cycle in CAM photosynthesis occurs in

A) xylem cells.
B) mesophyll cells.
C) bundle sheath cells.
D) lower epidermis cells.

Question 28

Explain the similarities and differences between the C₄ pathway and CAM pathway for photosynthesis.

Question 29

Which compound is NOT used to store energy in photosynthesis?

A) ATP
B) NADPH
C) PEP
D) OAA

Question 30

Accessory pigments in photosynthesis include
A)

A) carotenoids.
B) stroma.
C) thylakoids.
D) chlorophyll

Question 31

In which soil types would a CAM pathway plant have an advantage over a C₃ pathway plant? Explain why.

Question 32

The development of small leaves with many veins is primarily for

A) reduced evaporation.
B) increased water absorption.
C) increased heat dissipation.
D) embolism prevention.

Question 33

Carbon-3 photosynthesis

A) is the most common form of photosynthesis.
B) uses malic acid during the Calvin cycle.
C) does not require RuBisCO.
D) is common in succulent plants.

Question 34

Which organ is responsible for removing salts from mammals?

A) liver
B) kidney
C) lower intestine
D) thyroid

Question 35

The specialized organelles used in photosynthesis are called

A) thylakoids.
B) chloroplasts.
C) carotenoids.
D) RuBisCOs.

Question 36

Which is NOT used by animals to remove excess nitrogen?

A) urea
B) ammonia
C) uric acid
D) nitrite

Question 37

What adaptation has occurred in species with limited access to fresh water?

A) modified tear glands
B) increased skin surface area
C) enlarged liver
D) small loop of Henle

Question 38

Which photosynthesis method is best suited to warm, dry environments?
I) C₃ fixation
II) C₄ fixation
III) CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)

A) I only
B) I and II only
C) II only
D) II and III only
E) III only

Question 39

Explain why most plants are green.

Question 40

Explain why the C₄ pathway accounts for a high proportion of photosynthesis worldwide and why this is unexpected.

Question 41

Explain the benefits and costs of increased transpiration in cotton.

Question 42

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

A) colour
B) pressure
C) light
D) energy

Question 43

Which heat transfer method in organisms causes only cooling?

A) convection
B) evaporation
C) radiation
D) conduction

Question 44

A nominal variable is also known as

A) dependent.
B) independent.
C) categorical.
D) continuous.

Question 45

Which is NOT an adaptation for cotton growing in the state of Texas in the United States?

A) C₄ pathway photosynthesis
B) an earlier planting date
C) the use of cytokinin
D) RuBisCO variations

Question 46

Explain why uric acid is more costly to excrete than urea.

Question 47

Why does limited water increase an organism's effort to maintain homeostasis?

Question 48

How does size affect heat exchange in animals?

Question 49

Which is an adaptation to manage cold in extremities?

A) blood shunting
B) concurrent circulation
C) lack of precapillary sphincters
D) increased insulation

Question 50

The amount of heat due to radiation increases with the ______ power of absolute temperature

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 51

Which method of heat transfer is used assist in population estimates?

A) conduction
B) convection
C) evaporation
D) radiation

Question 52

Which of the following is an endotherm?

A) an ant
B) a whale
C) a tree
D) a snake

Question 53

Wind causes heat transfer by

A) convection
B) evaporation
C) radiation
D) conduction

Question 54

Explain negative feedback with an example.

Question 55

How are independent variables used in scientific experiments? What is an example of an independent variable and a related experiment?

Question 56

Which heat transfer method occurs with contact?

A) convection
B) evaporation
C) radiation
D) conduction

Question 57

What characteristic of an organism would increase the energy required to maintain its temperature?

A) high thermal inertia
B) low surface area
C) a large temperature difference
D) a thick boundary layer

Question 58

The primary source of heat on Earth is

A) evaporation.
B) convection.
C) radiation.
D) conduction.

Question 59

An organism that does not maintain a constant body temperature is a(n)

A) ectotherm.
B) endotherm.
C) homeotherm.
D) poikilotherm.

Question 60

How does fur affect heat transfer?