Deck 9: Social Groups and Social Stratification

Question 1

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

A)prime minister of England
B)president of the United States
C)Olympic medal winner
D)Queen of England.
E)anthropology professor

Answer 1

Queen of England.

Question 2

In Africa, youths who go through circumcision rituals together are said to constitute __________.

A)secondary groups
B)cooperatives
C)non-mainstream groups
D)age sets
E)distinct ethnic groups

Answer 2

age sets

Question 3

Studies of U.S. fraternities show that __________.

A) a sense of privilege and power among the brothers appears to be related to abuse of women
B) gynophobic (woman-hating) behavior is not typical of the entire fraternity system
C) they socialize and reinforce certain behavior in males in cultures that value male competitiveness
D) they are similar to exclusive male clubs in many other cultures
E) all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

According to case study of friendship in Andalucia, Spain, __________.

A)gender roles explain the different types of friends men and women have
B)women's friends are also neighbors
C)men's friendships are built on work roles and reinforced through socializing outside work
D)all of the above
E)none of the above: the study found no evidence of a concept of "friendship" in the region

Question 5

Two features of traditional Roma life are __________.

A)horticulture and fallowing
B)goat herding and migration
C)migration and marginality
D)all of the above, depending on the context
E)none of the above

Question 6

A feature that unites the Masta Liu of Samoa is __________.

A)shared unemployment
B)the fact that they came from households with no resident father
C)a shared sense of in-born power and privilege
D)their shared position as last-born sons with no claim to the family property
E)the fact that they were all circumcised together

Question 7

The Kuna people, known for their matrilineal descent and colorful molas, live mainly in __________.

A)Costa Rica
B)Panama
C)Venezuela
D)Brazil
E)Mexico

Question 8

Dalits are __________.

A)the most oppressed social category in India
B)the most oppressed social category in Brazil
C)an example of an age set
D)the warrior males among the Maasai
E)a group of body piercers

Question 9

The term used in some US fraternities to describe gang rape of a woman is a/an __________.

A)"train"
B)"party"
C)"brother thing"
D)"event"
E)"grouper"

Question 10

The Chinese Women's Movement __________.

A)functions alongside the Chinese government, but is not connected to the government
B)is an example of a state-created organization
C)is a clear example of civil society in action
D)has had no positive impact on women's education in China
E)is controlled by the government at the national level, but not at the village level

Question 11

In villages in India, a group of people who control most of the land and may also be the numerical majority are referred to as __________.

A)the primary group
B)a diaspora population
C)civil society
D)the dominant caste
E)dalits

Question 12

The only South American country whose official language is English is __________.

A)Chile
B)Venezuela
C)Guyana
D)Argentina
E)none of the above

Question 13

All systems based on inequality (such as" race," caste, etc.), regardless of their local specificities, share this feature:

A) Those who have greater entitlements control those who have lesser entitlements.
B) Underprivileged groups may rebel against the system.
C) Members of dominant groups work to keep their position.
D) People are relegated to particular levels of entitlement.
E) all of the above

Question 14

A person's class position is __________.

A)determined mainly by ethnicity
B)almost completely ascribed
C)closely correlated with his/her religion
D)usually measured in terms of income level
E)determined solely by education

Question 15

Among the low-income African Americans with whom Carol Stack did research, an important basis of economic survival is the creation of social bonds through __________.

A)monetary exchanges
B)shared childcare
C)friendship
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 16

A structurist view of youth gang violence sees it as a result of __________.

A)lack of proper child socialization
B)absence of a father figure in the family
C)poverty and constricted economic opportunities
D)genetics
E)all of the above

Question 17

Bonds based on friendship are __________.

A)one of the most over-studied topics of cultural anthropology
B)most common in foraging cultures where all relationships are "face-to-face"
C)probably found in all cultures
D)more common among youth than among adults
E)more common among women than among men

Question 18

Social ranking on the basis of caste is __________.

A)of great ritual importance in India but has no economic or political importance
B)an example of a primary social group
C)an ascribed system
D)no longer an operational social system in India
E)a cross-cultural universal

Question 19

A social group in which ritual is important in reinforcing bonding is __________.

A)youth gangs
B)age sets
C)body piercers
D)fraternities
E)all of the above

Question 20

The jajmani system of India __________.

A)involves exchange of services between various caste groups
B)has been viewed as benefitting the better-off at the expense of the poor
C)is declining in importance
D)has been viewed as a system that links different groups together in mutual support
E)all of the above

Question 21

The Roma are a diaspora group whose members are frequently treated negatively by members of mainstream society.

Question 22

Sharing stories is a prominent basis for formation of friendship groups cross-culturally.

Question 23

In India, all Dalits are Hindus.

Question 24

In much of Latin America, local categories of "race" and ethnicity overlap.

Question 25

__________ exchange is the form of exchange most common among friends.

Question 26

Many body modifiers in the U.S. are motivated to alter their bodies through a wish to belong with a specific group of people.

Question 27

No successful cases of women's cooperatives have been documented cross-culturally.

Question 28

Groups formed to help protect the ecology in contemporary nations fit in the category of civil society.

Question 29

The geography of Bangladesh is a deltaic flood plain.

Question 30

Around the world, a popular social pastime of women is playing dominoes.

Question 31

Tattoos are universally associated with low-status members of society.

Question 32

Fifty percent of the population in South Africa is Black.

Question 33

Romania has the highest number of Roma of any country in the world.

Question 34

Agricultural and credit cooperatives are the most common forms of cooperatives worldwide.

Question 35

According to the constitution of India, discrimination on the basis of class is against the law.

Question 36

The CO-MADRES organization demonstrates that __________.

A)women's groups mostly focus on issues related to the domestic domain
B)personal interests can mix with political interests
C)the key issue uniting women in this case is the provision of food and basic needs for poor mothers
D)organizations with political motives are dominated by male leaders in Latin America
E)women in Latin America depend completely on men to organize people into protest groups

Question 37

Specialized forms of nonkin groups are more common in agricultural and industrial societies than in foraging, horticultural and pastoralist societies.

Question 38

Worldwide, membership in Alcoholics Anonymous is increasing.

Question 39

The concept of class was especially important to the theories of Karl Marx.

Question 40

Research on college campuses in the U.S. reveals that fraternities and sororities construct a sense of belonging through identical rituals.

Question 41

According to a study of youth gangs in the United States, intense competitiveness, mistrust of others, self-reliance, social isolation and strong survival instinct are characteristics of a __________ individualistic personality.

Question 42

The intangible "resource" gained from organized action is called__________ .

Question 43

__________ is the more acceptable term than "untouchable" for the people in India who are of the lowest social rank.

Question 44

Examples of ways that dominant caste groups in __________ maintain their power is through land ownership, control of education, threats of violence, and marriage rules.

Question 45

The Latin American term for indigenous people who have "mixed" with the dominant group is __________.

Question 46

Among low-income people in Jamaica, extensive social networks are maintained through the use of __________.

Question 47

How does a primary group differ from a secondary group, and what is an example of each?

Question 48

One aspect of Han Chinese domination of Tibet includes its takeover of Tibetan __________.

Question 49

Describe the workings of one example of a cooperative; address its membership, goals, and activities

Question 50

Current social movements commonly use new social media such as Internet websites, Facebook and Twitter as a form of __________.

Question 51

__________positions may be based on one's "race", gender, age, ethnicity or physical ability.

Question 52

Compare urban youth gangs with U.S. college fraternities in terms of three features of your choice such as, motivations for joining, rituals of initiation or solidarity, relationship with the wider society and/or anthropological theories concerning them.

Question 53

How do the aspects of economic systems

Question 54

List two reasons for the high success rate of Alcoholics Anonymous in Mexico City.

Question 55

India's traditional system of social ranking is referred to as the __________ system.

Question 56

The __________ system of legalized racial stratification and segregation has recently been brought to an end in South Africa.

Question 57

Peggy Sanday's study of a U.S. college fraternity revealed what key findings?

Question 58

__________ is a sense of group identity based on a shared sense of identity.

Question 59

The term used to refer to groups of people who are displaced or dispersed from their original homeland is __________ population.

Question 60

How do cultural anthropologists define youth gangs and what are some of their findings about this type of group?

Question 61

Define the concepts of status, ascribed position, and achieved position, and provide an example of each from class reading and discussion.

Question 62

Discuss the concepts of " race" and racism as cultural constructions; provide an example of racial stratification and its consequences.

Question 63

Describe how aspects of social inequality are reinforced through two examples of social groups or social stratification

Question 64

Describe two examples of how civil society groups perform important roles complementary to government.

Question 65

What are some of the major issues facing the Roma people today?

Question 66

Define the concept of civil society and discuss an example of a civil society organization in terms of its goals and functions.

Question 67

Explain the basic features of India's caste system and how it works. Compare it with apartheid in South Africa.