Deck 12: Religion

Question 1

A religion that traces its origin to an important male figure is __________.

A)Buddhism
B)Rastafarianism
C)Christianity
D)Islam
E)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

The cultural materialist interpretation of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism emphasizes __________.

A)that only a few sacrificial victims were actually eaten
B)the major function of the system was population control
C)strengthening the role of the elite by demonstrating their power and providing food to the people
D)emic views of the symbolic meaning of the practices
E)that it functioned to create a sense of communitas and shared belonging

Answer 2

strengthening the role of the elite by demonstrating their power and providing food to the people

Question 3

The indirect expression of religious beliefs through stories about supernatural beings and forces is referred to as __________.

A)seasonal ritual
B)animatism
C)myth
D)ritual of inversion
E)magic

Answer 3

myth

Question 4

Among the Hopi, the link between living humans and the spiritual world is through the ritual sacrifice of __________.

A)sheep
B)dogs
C)foxes
D)kachinas
E)golden eagles

Question 5

The sense of collective unity that develops out of individual diversity is called __________.

A)communitas
B)syncretism
C)relativism
D)reversal
E)rite of passage

Question 6

A religion with many zoomorphic supernaturals is __________.

A)Islam
B)Hinduism
C)Christianity
D)Judaism
E)none of the above: all world religions have only anthropomorphic supernaturals

Question 7

Where is Hindmarsh Island?

A)southeastern Australia
B)northeastern United States
C)Wales
D)western Canada
E)Indonesia

Question 8

Magic __________.

A)depends on the proper conduct of rituals to please the gods
B)is no longer practiced in any society
C)is more associated with horticultural societies than agricultural societies
D)is more associated with male gender roles in religion than female gender roles
E)is most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty

Question 9

A cultural materialist interpretation of Klamath and Modoc Indian myths, supports the idea that they __________.

A)help people deal with philosophical issues, like life and death
B)store and transmit information for managing economic crises
C)express core beliefs
D)teach morality
E)none of the above: cultural materialists do not study myths.

Question 10

The comparative analysis of Islam's Feast of the Sacrifice in Morocco and Sumatra shows that __________.

A)the Moroccan ritual receives far more public fanfare
B)Islamic ritual practices vary cross-culturally
C)there is less specificity about which animals are to be sacrificed in Sumatra
D)Islam is more patriarchal as practiced in Morocco
E)all of the above

Question 11

If someone were to collect bits of your hair and nail clippings to use in a magical ritual, this person is practicing __________.

A)contagious magic
B)a rite of passage
C)imitative magic
D)polytheism
E)divination

Question 12

An example of a life-cycle ritual is __________.

A)Thanksgiving in the United Sates
B)the annual fall harvest
C)a rain dance during a severe drought
D)a coming-of-age ceremony for young men or women
E)Carnival

Question 13

Carnival is an example of a __________.

A)life-cycle ritual
B)secular ritual
C)ritual for improving crop yields
D)universal ritual
E)ritual of inversion

Question 14

Expressing religious beliefs through explicit and direct statements is termed __________.

A)art
B)religious pluralism
C)myths
D)song
E)doctrine

Question 15

The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is __________.

A)the way that people view the world and their place in it
B)organized beliefs about God
C)beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers
D)a set of ethics

Question 16

While the dominant religion in Italy is Roman Catholicism, recent immigration patterns have substantially increased the number of __________.

A)Muslims
B)animists
C)Buddhists
D)Hindus
E)none of the above: immigration into Italy has long been severely restricted

Question 17

As opposed to a shaman or shamanka, a priest or priestess tends to __________.

A)be more formally trained
B)live in state-level societies
C)have their success judged in terms of their ritual knowledge
D)occupy a hereditary position
E)all of the above

Question 18

The three universal phases of life-cycle rituals, according to Victor Turner, are __________.

A)separation, transition, reintegration
B)separation, ritual death, reincarnation
C)separation, pain, pleasure
D)separation, sacrifice, recovery
E)none of the above: the phases of such rituals vary greatly depending on cultural context.

Question 19

Shan tattooing in Thailand is an example of __________.

A)religious pluralism
B)religious syncretism
C)a ritual of inversion
D)animism
E)blending of aspects from Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity

Question 20

About __________ people live on the Hopi reservation.

A)500
B)7,000
C)25,000
D)50,000
E)1 million

Question 21

All religions that cultural anthropologists have studied have anthropomorphic deities.

Question 22

Compared to a myth, a religious doctrine is more likely to be unwritten.

Question 23

Anthropologists agree that magic was an early form of religion that has disappeared in modern times.

Question 24

In spite of Ngarrindjeri women's efforts to protect their land from economic development by outsiders, they lost the case and a bridge was built connecting their island to the mainland.

Question 25

Recent statistics indicate that about one-third of the world's population is Christian.

Question 26

Mardi Gras is best thought of as a ritual of sacrifice.

Question 27

The Klamath and Modoc Indians live in Canada.

Question 28

A people's worldview always includes a religious element.

Question 29

Sacrifice is probably the oldest form of ritual.

Question 30

The region in which cargo cults emerged is __________.

A)southern Africa
B)China
C)the Mediterranean
D)the Northwest Coast region of Canada and the United States
E)Melanesia

Question 31

Christian missionaries have historically found their encounters with indigenous religions to be peaceful, and converts willing and accepting.

Question 32

According to Claude Lévi-Strauss, myths help people think about contradictions in life.

Question 33

Fertility rituals among the Nayar of Kerala, India, reflect the importance of a woman's husband's family.

Question 34

Religious syncretism refers to the merging of a religious belief or practice from one religion with another.

Question 35

Magic is most likely to be practiced by people in situations of greatest uncertainty.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a general feature of African religions?

A)rituals involve animal sacrifices and other offerings
B)they often include elements of Christianity and Islam
C)they include myths about a rupture that once occurred between the creator deity and humans
D)they prohibit elements of syncretism with other religions
E)they involve elaborate initiation rituals

Question 37

The major items that the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China, believe to be impure are __________.

A)pork and beef
B)pork, beef, and alcohol
C)pork and mutton
D)pork and alcohol
E)beef and alcohol

Question 38

The two world religions that emphasize proselytizing are Christianity and Judaism.

Question 39

The Muslim ritual of khatam quran creates a permanent sacred space.

Question 40

Tylor's definition of religion was based on people's belief in spirits.

Question 41

The Hopi Reservation is surrounded by the much larger __________ reservation.

Question 42

A __________ is a religious specialist often chosen because of his or her ability to go into trance and communicate with the supernaturals.

Question 43

When people take on roles that are opposite to their normal roles during a ritual, they are participating in a kind of ritual termed a ________.

Question 44

The Profession of faith in Allah, daily prayer, fasting, contributing alms to the poor and pilgrimage to Mecca are known as __________.

Question 45

The city of Xi'an is located on the eastern coast of China.

Question 46

Discuss the context of and Hopi perspective on ritual sacrifice and how their cultural heritage conflicts with mainstream United States' interests in protecting endangered species.

Question 47

The Hindu term for fate or destiny is __________.

Question 48

The blending of features of more than one religion is a __________.

Question 49

Rastafarianism is best described as a __________ religion.

Question 50

A baptism, circumcision and marriage are all examples of a __________.

Question 51

A key symbol the Wicca or Neo-Pagan religion is the __________.

Question 52

Define a ritual and then discuss the four main categories of ritual described in the textbook. Provide an example of each type of ritual.

Question 53

Tourism is an important aspect of the economy of the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China.

Question 54

The youngest of the "world religions" is __________.

Question 55

In Isak, Sumatra, both Muslim men and women participate in sacrificing an animal, which may include water buffalo.

Question 56

The __________ is an example of a revitalization movement among Indians of the United States, discussed in the textbook.

Question 57

A structurist interpretation of handling poisonous snakes in religious ceremonies in "Holiness-type" churches in the United States explains this phenomenon as related to economic insecurity.

Question 58

The image of the __________combines symbols from Christian or Catholic and Aztec/Mexican religions.

Question 59

Sites in the Old City of Jerusalem are sacred to which three religions?

Question 60

An important aspect of Aztec public religious ritual was __________.

Question 61

Describe a ritual of inversion and give an example.

Question 62

What are some of the major issues facing the Hui Muslins of Xi'an, China today?

Question 63

What is an example of how a "world religion" is transformed when transferred to a new context?

Question 64

Describe key features of three world religions in terms of beliefs, rituals, and one example of adaptation to a new local context.

Question 65

What inspired the Ghost Dance Movement and what were its characteristics?

Question 66

Define religious syncretism and religious pluralism and give an example of each.

Question 67

Name the qualifications and characteristics of the priest/priestess role.

Question 68

Why did a group of Ngarrindjeri women seek protection for an area on Hindmarsh Island and how did the situation get resolved?

Question 69

What is a cargo cult, where did they emerge and why?

Question 70

Provide an example of a contested sacred site and identify the parties involved in the conflict.

Question 71

Explain how tattooing by the Shan people in northern Thailand is an example of religious syncretism.

Question 72

Identify an example of religious change studied by anthropologists.