Deck 15: People Defining Development

Question 1

Basic Ecclesiastical Community’s (BEC) attempt to build social solidarity among scavengers in Cebu City, the Philippines, failed mainly because the __________.

A) scavengers are so poor
B) project was not well-funded
C) project had not been pilot-tested before implementation
D) planning committee did not involve women
E) most of the scavengers are children and they were not interested in organizing.

Answer 1

scavengers are so poor

Question 2

A major bilateral aid organization is __________.

A)World Bank
B)United States Agency for International Development
C)United Nations
D)UNICEF
E)International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Answer 2

United States Agency for International Development

Question 3

A case study of the Society of Muslim Women (SMW) in Kazakhstan found that __________.

A) SMW's main approaches to dealing with wife abuse are counseling, shelter, and mediation
B) SMW members have no funding or professional training
C) SMW sees domestic violence as a problem that the Islamic faith should address
D) Sheltering abused women fits with the Kazakhi custom of hospitality
E) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Kerala, India, provides an example of success in terms of which approach to development?

A)economic growth approach
B)structural adjustment
C)feminist approach
D)distributional approach
E)industrialization

Question 5

Gerald Murray helped United States Agency for International Development address problems with reforestation projects in Haiti by __________.

A) educating participants about the importance of the profit motive
B) involving women as participants
C) replacing the reforestation project with a health clinic
D) improving cultural fit
E) conducting an environmental impact analysis

Question 6

Seventeenth century European ideas of secular rationalism and the inevitable advance of scientific thinking were the basis for which model of change?

A) human development
B) distribution-based development
C) diffusion
D) grass-roots development
E) modernization

Question 7

The newest and largest of Canada's provinces is __________.

A) Kalaalit Nunaat.
B) Nunavut.
C) Northwest Territories.
D) Baffin Island.
E) Iqaluit.

Question 8

Distributional development __________.

A) considers GNP an important indicator of project success
B) emphasizes agricultural modernization
C) focuses on equity in the distribution of benefits
D) is based on trickle-down economic theory
E) views increased consumption of non-essential goods as an indicator of success

Question 9

Estimates of the number of indigenous people worldwide are __________.

A) 100-150 million
B) 300-350 million
C) 500-600 million
D) 1 billion
E) 5 billion

Question 10

In the early stages of development anthropology, anthropologists were typically hired to work in which phase of the project cycle?

A) project appraisal
B) project implementation
C) project design
D) project identification
E) project evaluation

Question 11

World Bank requirements that lending countries adjust their spending away from social programs such as education and health is called __________.

A)positive reinforcement
B)structurism
C)adjustment of the project cycle
D)cultural appraisal
E)structural adjustment

Question 12

A major lesson gained from the study of change among the Saami is __________.

A)the need to do social impact assessments before introducing new technology
B)the power of the "trickle down" effect
C)that women benefitted more than men from the introduction of technology
D)that sustainable development is best achieved through World Bank projects
E)that environmental impact assessments should be done before all projects

Question 13

Culture change that occurs through contact is referred to as __________.

A) confusion
B) transfusion
C) structural adjustment
D) diffusion
E) cultural heritage

Question 14

The male bias in development planning and projects refers to the __________.

A) exclusion of women from many development projects
B) greater attention given to men's health problems than women's
C) tendency for development experts to emphasize the importance of schooling for boys more than for girls
D) greater number of men than women hired to work for the large development organizations like the World Bank
E) tendency for family planning projects to target men rather than women

Question 15

Life projects promote development through __________.

A) more bilateral aid for projects
B) a greater role for the United Nations
C) emphasis on health care projects
D) emphasis on crossing the digital divide
E) giving priority to local people's aspirations

Question 16

Women's organizations for change __________.

A) mirror the "male bias in development" by leaving out issues important to poor women
B) are primarily initiated and led by elite women
C) have been successful in terms of promoting handicrafts but completely unsuccessful in increasing women's access to credit
D) are focused completely on domestic
E) none of the above

Question 17

Women vendors in San Cristobal, Mexico, faced problems related to __________.

A) the fact that they were refugees from the highlands
B) harassment from men
C) the lack of traditional kin ties in the city
D) robberies
E) all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is an effect of the World Bank's supposed neutral stance with regard to the power structure of a recipient country?

A) Health and education receive the majority of investment funds.
B) Loans are offered without regard to human rights issues.
C) Funds are split equally between infrastructure investment and micro credit loans.
D) Utilities are only invested in if the managing company is state owned.
E) Virtually all loans are offered 'untied' to particular projects.

Question 19

The first phase of the project cycle is __________.

A) project implementation
B) project design
C) budget assessment
D) project identification
E) project appraisal

Question 20

The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere is __________.

A) Mexico
B) Guatemala
C) Haiti
D) Guyana
E) Brazil

Question 21

The last stage of the project cycle is project evaluation.

Question 22

The government of Australia has made substantial progress recently in recognizing Aboriginal territorial rights.

Question 23

In general, countries of Asia have taken the lead in ensuring indigenous people's traditional rights to land and other resources.

Question 24

Nunavut Province is the newest and largest of Canada's provinces.

Question 25

The January 2010 earthquake in Haiti displaced around 1.5 million people.

Question 26

Cuba's development aid to other countries has focused mainly on education.

Question 27

The NGO Hundee relies on indigenous principles in its approach to development.

Question 28

__________ is the most populous country in Africa, with over 140 million people. It has over 250 ethnic groups, with the largest being the Fulani, Hausa, Yorúbà, and Igbo.

A) Nigeria
B) Egypt
C) Ethiopia
D) South Africa
E) Kenya

Question 29

Thanks to generous international donors, the billions of dollars of aid pledged to Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake reached the people in need within a few weeks of the disaster.

Question 30

Investment in economic growth is the primary strategy of the United Nations' approach called "human development."

Question 31

Access to natural resources is a basic component of indigenous people's development.

Question 32

Social capital refers to money earned from small-scale development projects such as micro-credit schemes.

Question 33

In the early years of cultural anthropologists' involvement with development work, they were most likely to play a role in the project identification stage.

Question 34

Ken Saro-Wiwa was __________.

A) influential in developing micro-credit schemes for women
B) the first indigenous leader to be employed by Shell Oil
C) an Ogoni martyr
D) the first African to work for the World Bank
E) a pioneer in promoting land rights for pastoralists in Sudan

Question 35

Thanks to efforts of the United Nations, we now have accurate demographic statistics on indigenous peoples.

Question 36

Attempts to change the economy of the highland peoples of Thailand through alternative farming practices or relocation have been largely successful.

Question 37

Over 90 percent of Haiti's forests have been cleared.

Question 38

In Africa, political interests of state governments in establishing and enforcing territorial boundaries have created difficulties especially for mobile populations such as foragers and pastoralists.

Question 39

The resource over which violence exists in the Niger Delta is __________.

A) oil
B) diamonds
C) wetlands and beaches for international tourism
D) gold
E) all of the above

Question 40

The United States Agency for International Development is a bilateral aid institution.

Question 41

A major issue facing indigenous people in the Niger Delta is the presence of large oil companies.

Question 42

A business that explores for, removes, processes and sells minerals, oil, and gas, is an __________ industry.

Question 43

English is the official language of Nigeria.

Question 44

__________ is the phase of a development in which a project is actually put in place and starts working.

Question 45

The approach to development which emphasizes impacts on the environment and controlling the use of nonrenewable resources is called __________.

Question 46

The approach to development that emphasizes social equity and most directly goes against a pure growth-oriented approach is referred to as__________ development.

Question 47

What does the term "international development" mean and what are two approaches to it?

Question 48

What is the historical context of and some major contemporary challenges facing the peyizan yo of Haiti? How are the peyizan yo attempting to deal with the challenges?

Question 49

The issue of violence against women has long been accepted by development policy makers as being of high priority on their agenda.

Question 50

What is social impact assessment and why is it important?

Question 51

The state of India that has most emphasized a distributional approach to development is __________.

Question 52

International development projects always have a positive effect on human rights.

Question 53

The Japan International Cooperation Agency

Question 54

The introduction of snowmobiles had a major impact on the economy and culture of the __________ people.

Question 55

A cash loan made to a small income generating project is a __________.

Question 56

What is invention? What is diffusion? What is an example of each that has led to cultural change?

Question 57

Shell Oil has fully compensated the Ogoni people of the Niger Delta for the environmental and cultural damage caused by the petroleum industry.

Question 58

The World Bank and United Nations are examples of a __________ organization.

Question 59

Because of the adoption of snowmobiles, the Saami overhunted __________.

Question 60

The "add an anthropologist and stir" approach to development is termed __________.

Question 61

Discuss the concept of development aggression and two ethnographic examples of it.

Question 62

What is traditional development anthropology and what is critical development anthropology? Provide an example of each.

Question 63

Discuss two examples of development projects that have addressed entitlement deprivations.

Question 64

To what does the term indigenous peoples refer? How many indigenous people are there worldwide today? Discuss two ethnographic examples and the challenges they face.

Question 65

What is involved in the anthropological critique of development projects in terms of major findings and/or specific case studies? How has this critique led to improved strategies for improving human welfare?

Question 66

What is a life project and how does a life project approach differ from traditional development projects?

Question 67

What are the five phases of a development project?

Question 68

What are some similarities and differences in the problems that indigenous peoples and women face? How have people in each category reacted to these challenges?

Question 69

What are some examples of indigenous peoples' political activism in response to marginalization?

Question 70

Discuss how cultural heritage preservation relates to development.