Deck 11: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

Amir has two biological brothers that he grew up with.His two brothers are members of his:

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) chosen family
D) adopted family

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time is called:

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Suzanne has two biological sons that she raised from birth.Her two sons are members of her:

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) chosen family
D) adopted family

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which sociological perspective sees the family as performing important tasks that contribute to society's basic needs and helping to perpetuate the existence of major social institutions and practices?

A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminism

Question 5

During the 1970s and 1980s,feminist perspectives dominated most debates and research on families.According to the textbook,on what did they largely focus?

A) family structures
B) historical development of the nuclear and extended family
C) the importance of kinship ties
D) the experiences of women in the domestic sphere

Question 6

Feminist sociologists and feminist approaches to the sociology of the family have made important contributions to our understanding of the family.Which of the following issues is embedded within a feminist analysis of the family?

A) the way in which housework is allocated between men and women living in the same household
B) the naturalness of the two-parent family
C) the time demands imposed by the emotional labor that is expected from men
D) adultery

Question 7

Vincent lives with his parents and both sets of grandparents in the same house.His uncle's family lives next door.The members of his house and his uncle's family have a close and continuous relationship with one another.This type of arrangement is an example of a(n):

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) nonfamily household
D) single-parent family

Question 8

A family system in which the husband is expected to live near the wife's parents is called a:

A) matrilocal family
B) patrilocal family
C) neolocal family
D) polygamous family

Question 9

It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife.This type of marriage is an example of:

A) monogamy
B) polygyny
C) polyandry
D) patrilocality

Question 10

Jim and Joan are two adults who live together in a household with their two biological children and one adopted child.This kind of group is an example of a(n):

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) nonfamily household
D) single-parent family

Question 11

Which general perspective has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor,unequal power relationships,and caring activities in the family?

A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 12

A family system in which the wife is expected to live near the husband's parents is called a:

A) matrilocal family
B) patrilocal family
C) neolocal family
D) polygamous family

Question 13

Alisha learns from her parents the American norms of politeness.This learning is associated with which function of the family discussed by Talcott Parsons?

A) primary socialization
B) personality stabilization
C) affective socialization
D) instrumental stabilization

Question 14

A socially and legally acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called:

A) cohabitation
B) a marriage
C) kinship
D) a family

Question 15

The term that describes connections between individuals established either through marriage or through the lines of descent that connect blood relatives (mothers,fathers,offspring,grandparents,etc.)is:

A) cohabitation
B) household
C) kinship
D) village

Question 16

The term for a group in which the individuals are related to one another by blood ties,marriage,or adoption and form an economic unit and in which the adult members are responsible for the upbringing of children is:

A) family
B) household
C) kinship network
D) village

Question 17

Which type of society would Talcott Parsons consider the conventional family most suitable for?

A) hunting and gathering
B) agrarian
C) postmodern
D) industrial

Question 18

Which of the following statements related to the feminist approach to the family is true?

A) Men continue to bear the main responsibility for domestic tasks.
B) The best way to structure a family is to have one parent responsible for the nurturing duties and another responsible for providing for the family economically.
C) Women invest large amounts of emotional labor in maintaining personal relationships.
D) Jobs that involve caring,such as child-care worker,nanny,or elderly companion,are among the highest paid of all occupations.

Question 19

According to functionalists,the husband in the conventional family is the breadwinner and plays the __________ role; the wife cares for the home and children and plays the __________ role.

A) instrumental; affective
B) supporting; leading
C) nuclear; extended
D) mechanical; organic

Question 20

Which general perspective is most likely to agree with the statement,"Couples are seeking to be more symmetrical,but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework."

A) functionalism
B) postmodernism
C) feminism
D) Marxism

Question 21

With respect to the changes that are occurring in the family globally,which of the following statements is true?

A) Clans and other kin groups are increasing in influence.
B) Religious backlash has resulted in more restrictions on sexuality.
C) Women's and children's rights are more widely recognized.
D) Birth rates are increasing.

Question 22

In 2011,the average age for first marriage was __________ for men and __________ for women.

A) 16; 14
B) 22; 20
C) 29; 27
D) 35; 33

Question 23

Arlie Hochschild found that __________ is/are creating pressure on American workers to work longer hours than they used to.

A) the mass media
B) the education system
C) globalization
D) unions

Question 24

About what percent of American adults 65 and older are or have previously been married?

A) 35 percent
B) 51 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 96 percent

Question 25

Katherine Edin and Maria Kefalas researched low-income women and nonmarital childbirth.Which was one of their findings?

A) The poor women they interviewed placed little value on marriage.
B) The poor women they interviewed tended to place an exceptionally high value on children.
C) The poor women they interviewed were very insecure about their ability to raise children.
D) The poor women they interviewed believed that bringing children into their lives would bring more chaos to an already chaotic life.

Question 26

Which group has the highest rate of intermarriage?

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) African Americans

Question 27

Which of the following is an explanation offered for the trend toward later marriages in the last several decades?

A) the resurgence of social conservatism
B) increases in post-secondary school enrollment
C) increased economic standing of men who are fearful of gold diggers and hence delay marriage
D) an increase in shotgun marriages due to the increased sexual activity of young adults

Question 28

From which country can Hispanics easily enter the United States because that country is a commonwealth of the United States?

A) Mexico
B) Puerto Rico
C) Cuba
D) El Salvador

Question 29

When we expand the definition of union to include both marriages and cohabiting unions,about one-quarter of Hispanic women and about 9 percent of white women have experienced a birth outside of a union in 2010.What percentage of black women experienced a birth outside of a union?

A) less than 1 percent
B) roughly 25 percent
C) roughly 50 percent
D) over 80 percent

Question 30

Which of the following statements concerning black and white families is true?

A) Blacks have lower rates of childbearing outside of marriage than whites.
B) Blacks are less likely ever to marry than whites.
C) Blacks are more likely to marry after having a nonmarital birth than whites.
D) Black families are less likely than white families to be female headed.

Question 31

Which of the following is a change related to the creation of a worldwide movement toward the predominance of the nuclear family and the breaking down of extended-family systems and other types of kinship groups?

A) the spread of the idea of romantic love
B) the power and influence of the antiabortion movement
C) large-scale migration from urban to rural areas
D) the resurgence of fundamentalist religious groups

Question 32

What is the relationship between income and postdivorce situations?

A) Both men and women's incomes tend to increase.
B) Both men and women's incomes tend to decrease.
C) Men's incomes tend to increase,while women's incomes tend to decrease.
D) Men's incomes tend to decrease,while women's incomes tend to increase.

Question 33

The divorce rate was highest in which year?

A) 1960
B) 1970
C) 1980
D) 1990

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the United States?

A) Family size has shrunk dramatically from the early farming years to the current urban setting.
B) Currently,the family in the United States is a well defined,small nuclear family; in contrast,for the first two hundred years of U.S.history,the family was a large extended family.
C) Households in the United States have always included grandparents,aunts,uncles,and other members of the extended family.
D) The nuclear family seems to have long been preeminent.

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning the American family in the past is true?

A) The average duration of marriages was much longer during the colonial era compared with contemporary standards.
B) More than half of all children saw the death of at least 1 parent by the time they were 21 years old during the colonial era.
C) Spouses spent much more time together in the colonial era compared with today,considering the high level of women's employment.
D) The colonial family was peaceful and harmonious.

Question 36

Which group has higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites as well as a strong commitment to family interdependence and family and friend networks that help members financially?

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Puerto Rican Americans

Question 37

Among the Hispanic groups listed below,which is the most prosperous?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Dominican Americans

Question 38

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is true?

A) About one-half of children born in 1980 became members of a one-parent family at some stage in their lives.
B) Most men and women who are divorced never remarry.
C) Most children are traumatized by divorce even decades after their parents separate.
D) The economic well-being of women increases after divorce due to liberal alimony laws.

Question 39

Betty Friedan is an icon in the second American women's movement.In her widely read book,The Feminine Mystique,she refers to "the problem with no name." What is "the problem with no name"?

A) the isolation and boredom that gripped many suburban American women
B) the fear of divorce
C) adultery
D) domestic abuse

Question 40

Which of the following characterizes the American workweek in this time of rapid technological innovation?

A) Thanks,in large part,to new technologies,the American workweek is much shorter than it was fifty years ago.
B) With more women in the workforce,it is easier for men to take longer vacations away from the office.
C) Americans are spending more time at work and less time on vacation.
D) While Americans are decreasing the number of hours spent at work,many Europeans are increasing the time they spend working.

Question 41

Which of the following statements concerning child abuse is true?

A) Most studies of abuse are based on national surveys of child welfare professionals.
B) Almost all child deaths from abuse or neglect are recorded.
C) Child abuse occurs more frequently in high-income families.
D) The highest child victimization rates were for children in their teenage years.

Question 42

The number of cohabiting couples is increasing in the United States.Which of the following cohabiting unions is most likely to marry?

A) an African American man and woman who both graduated from high school
B) a childless couple in which both are physicians
C) a low-income couple with two children
D) a white man and woman who both dropped out of high school

Question 43

In 2002,__________ of women between ages 35 and 39 had ever cohabited.

A) 15 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 36 percent
D) 61 percent

Question 44

For young people,how does a cohabiting relationship usually begin?

A) Most young people who live together decided to do so after becoming engaged.
B) Most young people decide to move in together after calculated planning.
C) Most young people come to live together by drifting into it.
D) Most young people start living together after one person is forced out of a parent's house.

Question 45

Which of the following is a factor in explaining why divorce rates increased so steeply in the 1960s and 1970s?

A) Changes in the law made getting a divorce easier.
B) Adults became less concerned about the welfare of their children.
C) The stigma of divorce increased.
D) A series of laws favoring generous alimony payments were passed,which motivated materialistic wives to leave their husbands in hopes of financial gain.

Question 46

Of people of a similar age group,who is most likely to get married?

A) people who have never been married
B) men who have been married and divorced
C) women who have been married and divorced
D) people with incomes twice the poverty threshold

Question 47

According to estimates from the U.S.Census Bureau,there are currently more than ________ same-sex families in the United States.

A) 90,000
B) 300,000
C) 600,000
D) 3,000,000

Question 48

The most common type of child abuse is:

A) neglect
B) physical abuse
C) emotional maltreatment
D) sexual abuse

Question 49

Joan shoved her husband,Jack,while in a heated argument about buying a new car.The argument was not rooted in power or control.Michael Johnson would call this type of spousal violence:

A) patriarchal terrorism
B) feminist terrorism
C) common couple violence
D) severe violence

Question 50

Which of the following is a trend related to cohabiting?

A) Decreasing numbers of people are cohabiting.
B) Most cohabiters eventually marry.
C) Young children are more likely than ever before to live with parents who are cohabiting but who are not legally married to each another.
D) Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is a trend unique to the United States.

Question 51

Which of the following factors decreases the likelihood that a person will get a divorce?

A) being married at a young age (under age 21)
B) having less than a college degree
C) having a child before marrying
D) being of a similar social class background,age,and religion as a partner

Question 52

In research by Bumpass et al.,which of the following is a reason that couples gave for cohabitation?

A) They believed that their partner would remain more faithful in a cohabiting relationship than a marriage relationship.
B) They wanted to ensure compatibility before marriage.
C) They wanted to live together but keep their expenses separate.
D) They wanted the tax benefits that are associated with cohabitation.

Question 53

Which of the following statements concerning single-parent households is true?

A) Most single-parent households are male headed.
B) For most single mothers,being a single mother was their first choice.
C) There is a high correlation between the rate of births outside marriage and indicators of poverty and social deprivation.
D) African American families have a low proportion of single-parent households.

Question 54

Which of the following is a finding from the research of Judith Wallerstein and colleagues on children of divorced parents?

A) Few children experienced intense emotional disturbance at the time of the divorce.
B) Children of divorced parents are less likely to divorce when they get married because the experience of divorce was so traumatic for them.
C) As they entered adulthood,almost all were optimistic,high achieving,and confident.
D) In the 10-15 years after the study,nearly half of the then-young adults reported difficulty in their romantic relationships.

Question 55

According to Andrew Cherlin,which of the following statements is true with respect to divorce and children?

A) Almost all children experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
B) The experience of watching their parents' divorce reduces the chances of their own marriages ending in divorce.
C) Most children blame themselves for the divorce even decades after their parents separated.
D) Most children experience long-term problems because of the breakup that may persist into adulthood.

Question 56

A 1988 study by Richard Gelles and Murray Straus found that __________ of married persons reported at least one incidence of spousal violence in the previous year.

A) 5 percent
B) 16 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 46 percent

Question 57

Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin independent lives,in previous generations,young people typically left home:

A) to get away from the endless farmwork required of children
B) to avoid domestic violence
C) because their parents evicted them
D) to get married

Question 58

Individuals in which category have the highest probability that their first cohabitation will become a marriage within five years?

A) white women
B) Hispanic women
C) black women
D) Hispanic men

Question 59

According to the textbook,the term used to describe two people living together in a sexual relationship of some permanence,without being married to one another,is:

A) hooking up
B) friends with benefits
C) engagement
D) cohabitation

Question 60

A family in which at least one partner has children from a previous marriage is known as a:

A) nuclear family
B) step-family
C) postmodern family
D) single-parent family

Question 61

Describe the trend toward later marriages.What factors account for the trend toward later marriages in the United States in recent decades?

Question 62

Discuss the differences in family patterns between white and black families.Discuss the research of Carol Stack in your answer.

Question 63

Describe Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What are some criticisms of his approach?

Question 64

According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas,why do low-income women continue to have children out of wedlock,when they can hardly afford to do so?

Question 65

Much of the literature based on crime statistics,hospital records,and shelter administrative records indicate that spousal violence is almost exclusively man-on-woman violence.Murray Straus and his colleagues reported that equal proportions of women and men reported that they perpetrated spousal abuse.How can this discrepancy be reconciled? In your answer,discuss the work of Michael Johnson.

Question 66

According to Andrew Cherlin,what are the effects of divorce on children?

Question 67

Regarding being single,which of the following statements is true?

A) There are now fewer people who are classified as "never married" than in the past.
B) Most people in their mid-thirties have never been married.
C) Most single people over fifty are widowed.
D) The major reason most single people leave their parents' home is to get married.

Question 68

Does cohabitation lead to divorce? If so,explain how.

Question 69

What is the evidence that American workers are working longer hours today than they did in the past? According to Arlie Hochschild,how is "the time bind" faced by "the overworked American" related to globalization?