Deck 10: Ethnicity and Race

Question 1

The transferring of ideas or emotions from their true source to another object is known as:

A) transference
B) stereotyping
C) discrimination
D) displacement

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning race is true?

A) Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical.
B) There are clear-cut physical differences between races.
C) The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.
D) Race as a social construct is no longer important.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true?

A) Any group that is less than 50 percent of the population is considered a minority group.
B) Sociologists consider people with blue eyes a minority group.
C) Minority groups have some sense of group solidarity.
D) In the middle of the 19th century,Irish immigrants to the United States were immediately accepted as part of the dominant group.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

People who,because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics,find themselves in situations of inequality within a society are known as:

A) an ethnic group
B) a racial group
C) a minority group
D) scapegoats

Question 5

The term that describes the differences in human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individuals is:

A) ethnicity
B) ethnocentrism
C) race
D) racism

Question 6

An individual or group blamed for wrongs that were not of their doing is called a:

A) stereotype
B) scapegoat
C) victim
D) minority group

Question 7

The term that describes cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart is:

A) ethnicity
B) ethnocentrism
C) race
D) racism

Question 8

According to the textbook,which of the following statements concerning Western colonialism is NOT true?

A) South Asia,east Asia,the South Pacific,and the Middle East were unaffected by Western colonialism.
B) Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the peoples they colonized and conquered.
C) In those societies that were colonized,the indigenous populations were decimated by disease,war,and genocide and were subjected to European rule.
D) The indigenous people in colonized societies are now impoverished ethnic minorities.

Question 9

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories,such as believing that all Muslims are religious fundamentalists,is best described as:

A) stereotyping
B) discriminating
C) racializing
D) projecting

Question 10

Joan believes that most drug dealers are black.She continues to hold this belief even though she read in the newspaper that more whites sell drugs than blacks.Joan's attitude is an example of:

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) segregation
D) institutional racism

Question 11

The term that describes patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutions is:

A) interpersonal racism
B) institutional racism
C) multiculturalism
D) segregation

Question 12

From the 15th century onward,as Europeans came into increased contact with people from different regions of the world,they attempted to categorize these people based on their physical attributes.These categories became the basis of systems that shaped and constrained the people's daily lives.This is an example of:

A) aggregation
B) eugenics
C) racialization
D) generalization

Question 13

The attribution of characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a population sharing certain physically inherited characteristics is known as:

A) racism
B) antiracism
C) relativism
D) nativism

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning ethnicity?

A) For whites,the importance of ethnicity has declined in recent years.
B) For whites,ethnicity is largely voluntary and symbolic.
C) Like ethnicity for whites,being racially Asian is largely voluntary and symbolic for Asians.
D) Given high rates of ethnic intermarriages,more and more whites can now choose which ethnicity to be.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the human classification system developed in 1735 by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus?

A) Linnaeus's system is recognized as the first version of a modern classification scheme of human populations.
B) Linnaeus grouped human beings into four basic categories-Europaeus,Americanus,Asiaticus,and Africanus.
C) Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered.
D) Linnaeus's classification scheme was free of the prejudices of Europeans that were prevalent at that time.

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning racism is NOT true?

A) Racism is a form of prejudice focusing on physical variations between people.
B) Racist attitudes became entrenched during the period of Western colonial expansion.
C) Racist attitudes rest on mechanisms of prejudice and discrimination found in human societies today.
D) Racism resides in the individual conscious only.

Question 17

Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of:

A) scapegoating
B) racializing
C) institutional racism
D) discrimination

Question 18

What is NOT an example of a racialized system?

A) pre-15th century North America
B) apartheid in South Africa
C) the American South in the early 20th century
D) the United States after the dismantling of state-sanctioned segregation during the civil rights era of the 1960s

Question 19

Soo Young is a fashion model who has difficulty getting work in the international modeling industry because of an industry-wide bias against fashion models who appear to be of non-European ancestry or mixed race.This is an example of:

A) interpersonal racism
B) institutional racism
C) multiculturalism
D) scapegoating

Question 20

Although Scott,an African American,was more qualified than Bernardo,a Hispanic American,Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are harder workers than African Americans.The best term used to describe denying Scott the job is an example of:

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) projection
D) institutional racism

Question 21

The early wave of immigrants to the United States,from the 1820s to the 1880s,was mostly from:

A) northwestern Europe
B) eastern Europe
C) southern Europe
D) Latin America

Question 22

What fraction of undergraduates at the University of California,Berkeley are nonwhite?

A) 1/10
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 2/3

Question 23

Most immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from:

A) northwestern Europe
B) southern and eastern Europe
C) Africa
D) Latin America or Asia

Question 24

Which is NOT a factor in the rise of modern racism?

A) Europeans constructed a belief system that allowed them to justify the slave trade by convincing themselves that Africans belonged to an inferior,even subhuman,race.
B) Racism helped justify colonial rule over nonwhite peoples and denied them the rights of political participation that whites were winning in the European homelands of the colonizers.
C) An opposition between the colors white and black as cultural symbols was deeply rooted in European culture.
D) The concept of race had existed in Europe since the early Middle Ages.

Question 25

Which of the following immigrant groups was NOT subjected to significant prejudice and discrimination by those who were already established in the United States?

A) Irish
B) Italian
C) British
D) Chinese

Question 26

Which of the following statements concerning segregation is NOT true?

A) Today,de facto segregated residential areas still exist in many U.S.cities.
B) In 1967,the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Loving v.Virginia that the prohibition of interracial marriage violated the right to privacy.
C) In 1967,racial intermarriage was still a crime in most southern states.
D) Interracial marriage had always been legal in most northern states.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning the Civil War is NOT true?

A) Following the Civil War,acts were passed legalizing segregation of blacks from whites in public places.
B) Most Northern leaders were more interested in abolishing slavery than sustaining the Union.
C) After the Civil War,the real conditions of life for African Americans in the South changed relatively little.
D) Following the Civil War,the black codes-laws limiting the rights of blacks-placed restrictions on the behavior of the former slaves and punished their transgressions in much the same way as under slavery.

Question 28

The systematic,planned destruction of a racial,political,or cultural group is called:

A) genocide
B) assimilation
C) segregation
D) pluralism

Question 29

Which model best fits the experience of Switzerland?

A) assimilation
B) melting pot
C) segregation
D) multiculturalism

Question 30

In examining recent trends in global migration,Stephen Castles and Mark Miller (1993)have identified various tendencies that they claim characterize migration patterns today and that are expected to persist in the coming years.Which of the following is NOT a tendency?

A) acceleration
B) diversification
C) globalization
D) masculinization

Question 31

Amy Chua,in World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability,argues that free-market democracy results in ethnic tension in many developing countries because:

A) of the lack of cultural knowledge each ethnic group has about the other
B) a small ethnic minority enjoys disproportionate economic power
C) newer ethnic groups are unable to assimilate
D) of the history of segregation

Question 32

__________ refers to the movement of people into one country from another for settlement,and __________ refers to the movement of people out of one country to settle in another.

A) Immigration; emigration
B) Emigration; immigration
C) Assimilation; segregation
D) Segregation; assimilation

Question 33

Dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas,often in a forced way or under traumatic circumstances,is known as:

A) immigration
B) emigration
C) diaspora
D) assimilation

Question 34

Driven by a series of potato famines,1.5 million people migrated to the United States from __________ in the 19th century and settled mostly in __________ areas.

A) Germany; rural
B) Germany; urban
C) Ireland; rural
D) Ireland; urban

Question 35

A major new influx of immigrants from __________ arrived in the United States in the 1880s and 1890s.

A) northwestern Europe
B) southern and eastern Europe
C) Latin America
D) Asia

Question 36

The term that describes the practices of keeping racial and ethnic groups physically separate,thereby maintaining the superior position of the dominant group,is:

A) multiculturalism
B) assimilation
C) segregation
D) pluralism

Question 37

By 2010,the number of migrants worldwide was estimated at nearly:

A) 21 million
B) 82 million
C) 126 million
D) 214 million

Question 38

Assimilation is defined as:

A) the acceptance of a minority group by a majority population,as the new group takes on the values and norms of the dominant culture
B) the idea that ethnic differences can be combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources
C) a model for ethnic relations in which all ethnic groups in a society retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship
D) the viewpoint according to which ethnic groups can exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Question 39

Which of the following events is NOT an example of genocide?

A) During the 1960s,the Cultural Revolution took place in Communist China.
B) In the late 1970s,two million Cambodians died in the Khmer Rouge's killing fields.
C) During the 1990s,in the African country of Rwanda,hundreds of thousands of the minority Tutsis were massacred by the dominant Hutu group.
D) During the 1990s,in the former Yugoslavia,Bosnian and Kosovar Muslims were summarily executed by the Serb majority.

Question 40

More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from:

A) immigrants
B) Europeans
C) Africans
D) Native Americans

Question 41

As of early 2014,there were __________ black members in the U.S.Senate.

A) 0
B) 2
C) 15
D) 30

Question 42

In American Apartheid (1993),Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton argue that ________ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.

A) the history of racial segregation
B) impersonal market forces
C) the biological inferiority of blacks
D) the cultural inferiority of blacks

Question 43

In 2007,whites on average could expect to live __________ years longer than African Americans.

A) 2.1
B) 3.8
C) 15.4
D) 25.6

Question 44

Which group was forcibly removed to relocation centers in World War II?

A) German Americans
B) Italian Americans
C) Japanese Americans
D) Mexican Americans

Question 45

As of 2014,the United States has elected a total of __________ black senators in the past and present.

A) 0
B) 9
C) 30
D) 60

Question 46

Which group of Americans saw the most significant increase in household family income in the 1990s?

A) Whites
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Asian Americans

Question 47

Which is now the largest minority group in the United States?

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 48

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act do?

A) banned discrimination in public facilities,education,employment,and any agency receiving government funds
B) outlawed discriminatory voting practices
C) outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes
D) banned all race-based legal restrictions on marriage

Question 49

When comparing the difference in infant mortality rates between the wealthiest white Americans and the poorest African Americans,the infant mortality rates for blacks in the bottom 20 percent of income compared to whites in the top 20 percent was __________ higher.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 2 times
D) 5 times

Question 50

Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate?

A) Non-Hispanic whites
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Hispanics

Question 51

About what percent of the population of the United States is of Asian origin?

A) 6 percent
B) 16 percent
C) 26 percent
D) 36 percent

Question 52

According to the textbook,which of the following statements concerning residential segregation is true?

A) Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century.
B) Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared.
C) Black and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South.
D) There is a high level of educational segregation in larger cities.

Question 53

Members of which Latino immigrant group are more likely to be educated and come from white-collar and professional backgrounds?

A) Mexican
B) Puerto Rican
C) Cuban
D) Haitian

Question 54

Which group of Americans has the highest median household income?

A) Whites
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
D) Hispanics

Question 55

Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups other than Anglo-Saxons yet faces the segregation and poverty that for the other groups was only a transitional phase?

A) eastern European Americans
B) southern European Americans
C) Irish Americans
D) African Americans

Question 56

Which Hispanic group is the largest in the United States?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) El Salvadoran Americans

Question 57

Which category of full-time workers had the lowest weekly earnings in 2012?

A) Latina women
B) white women
C) black men
D) white men

Question 58

Industrial development in the North of the United States,combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South,produced a progressive movement of __________ northward starting at the beginning of the 20th century.

A) whites
B) African Americans
C) Latin Americans
D) Native Americans

Question 59

Which group has the lowest high school graduation rate?

A) Non-Hispanic whites
B) Blacks
C) Asians
D) Hispanics

Question 60

In 1954,in __________ the U.S.Supreme Court unanimously decided that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."

A) Dred Scott v.Sandford
B) The State of Tennessee v.John Thomas Scopes
C) Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas
D) Roe v.Wade

Question 61

What is institutional racism? Give examples.

Question 62

Which statement would your textbook authors most agree with?

A) Racism is no longer a significant problem for blacks.
B) In explaining racial inequality between blacks and whites,gender disadvantages are more significant than racism.
C) In explaining racial inequality between blacks and whites,class disadvantages are more significant than racism.
D) Although class disadvantage can partially explain racial inequality,it is not the primary explanation.

Question 63

In examining recent trends in global migration,Stephen Castles and Mark Miller (1993)have identified four tendencies that they claim characterize migration patterns today and that are expected to persist in the coming years.What are they? Describe them.

Question 64

What is meant by the term racialization? How does this term help us understand race relations historically and in the present?

Question 65

Before the 1970s,which group would Robert Blauner most likely classify as willing immigrants?

A) Irish Americans
B) Native Americans
C) African Americans
D) Puerto Rican Americans

Question 66

What are three factors your textbook authors mention in explaining the historical rise of racism? In your answer,discuss Joseph Arthur de Gobineau's classification of races.

Question 67

What is a minority group? Why might this term cause confusion? Give two possible sources of confusion.

Question 68

Who argued that race is of diminishing importance in explaining inequalities between whites and blacks?

A) Lawrence Bobo
B) Joe Feagin
C) William Julius Wilson
D) Elijah Anderson

Question 69

Discuss the four models of ethnic integration mentioned in your textbook-assimilation,melting pot,pluralism,and multiculturalism.What model (or models)characterize ethnic integration in the United States,past and present?

Question 70

Characterize the racial and ethnic inequality that exists in the United States today.Which of the following dimensions of inequality do you think is most significant: education,income,health,or political power? Explain why you think so.

Question 71

What fraction of all families headed by African American or Latino women lives in poverty?

A) 1/10
B) 1/4
C) 1/2
D) 3/4

Question 72

Cuban Americans are relatively more successful than Mexican Americans.How can this difference be explained?

Question 73

Explain the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States.Refer specifically to the perspectives of Robert Blauner,William Julius Wilson,and Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton in your response.Which perspective do you think best explains the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States? Explain.

Question 74

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Does prejudice always precede discrimination?