Deck 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Question 1

Two people are standing together in an elevator,but they do not speak to each other or look each other in the eye.Erving Goffman called this type of interaction:

A) sociological interaction
B) social attention
C) civil inattention
D) uncivil behavior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The sociologist who developed the field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the seemingly trivial was:

A) Erving Goffman
B) Elijah Anderson
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Erving Goffman,one of the reasons it is important to study subtle day-to-day interactions is because:

A) it reveals how humans are like other primates
B) it can be used to measure a person's intelligence
C) we can learn a great deal about ourselves as human beings
D) it can inform us about political and military strategy

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Civil inattention is defined as:

A) acknowledging the presence of others but avoiding interaction
B) totally ignoring the presence of others
C) acting rude and inappropriate
D) pretending you do not know someone whom you have met before

Question 5

According to Erving Goffman,social interaction is like:

A) playing basketball in a gym
B) playing baseball in a stadium
C) swimming in a pool
D) performing a play in a theater

Question 6

You may be a sibling,a spouse,a student,an employee,and a parent.These are called:

A) social mobilities
B) stereotypes
C) occupations
D) social positions

Question 7

According to the research by Paul Ekman and W.V.Friesen ,the modes of human emotional expression:

A) vary across cultures
B) change as we grow older
C) are the same among all human beings
D) are very similar to other mammals

Question 8

According to Charles Darwin,basic human emotional expressions:

A) are exactly the same as the basic emotional expressions of primates
B) are the same in all human beings
C) vary widely,depending on the culture one is in
D) are learned and vary among cultures

Question 9

According to Erving Goffman,reality is not fixed or static but created through:

A) mass media
B) human ideas
C) human interactions
D) human mistakes

Question 10

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as:

A) status positions
B) social roles
C) markers of inequality
D) prejudices

Question 11

Maria's friend posted an unflattering picture of her from a Halloween party on Facebook.Maria was embarrassed and quickly took it down because she is friends with many co-workers on Facebook.This is an example of:

A) impression management
B) social role management
C) controlled alertness
D) interactional vandalism

Question 12

What do sociologists call the social honor or prestige society accords to a group of people?

A) status
B) social role
C) race
D) expectation

Question 13

The exchange of information about human emotion through facial expressions,gestures,and movements of the body is called:

A) nonverbal communication
B) harassment
C) asensory communication
D) backchanneling

Question 14

Arrive to class on time,raise your hand before speaking,turn in assignments on time-these expectations are part of the __________ of students.

A) status marker
B) social role
C) stereotype
D) identity

Question 15

When a CEO wears a suit and tie to a board meeting and later in the day changes into jeans and a T-shirt to attend a football event with friends,he is engaging in:

A) social engineering
B) impression management
C) social positioning
D) false impressions

Question 16

Which of the following would NOT be classified as civil inattention?

A) riding the bus to class and reading a book
B) waiting in line at the ATM and talking on the phone
C) selecting a seat in a large lecture hall where you do not know your fellow students
D) working on a group project but contributing very little and letting others do the work

Question 17

With e-mail it is difficult to capture dimensions of emotional expressions that are present only in facial expressions and with body language.For example,Jane sent her boss an e-mail suggesting that she begin a performance review to see whether Jane was ready for a raise.Her boss replied angrily in an e-mail that Jane was out of line and that she would give her a performance review at the same time as other employees.Face-to-face communication may have helped Jane avoid upsetting her boss by:

A) allowing her to pressure her boss by looking her straight in the eye
B) allowing her to respond to her boss's anger in real time
C) allowing Jane to claim gender discrimination without putting it in writing
D) allowing her to subtly try out the idea of a performance review and evaluate her boss's body language before suggesting she was ready for a raise

Question 18

Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are:

A) universal and the same in all cultures
B) neither universal nor the same in all cultures
C) unique to each person
D) embedded in our DNA

Question 19

Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of:

A) gender non-specific norms
B) race
C) impression management
D) social exclusion

Question 20

Another term for social status is:

A) social impression
B) social class
C) social marker
D) social position

Question 21

Ethnomethodology is the study of:

A) how people sustain meaningful interactions with each other
B) how people learn language
C) the methods sociologists use
D) extraordinary social events that occur over space and time

Question 22

Interactional vandalism is defined as:

A) a subordinate person breaking the tacit rules of interaction
B) a high-status person refusing to interact
C) two people having a miscommunication
D) social avoidance

Question 23

Trevor takes the subway to and from work.He usually wears his headphones and listens to his music on the subway.He is careful not to bump shoulders with the passengers next to him when he is standing on the crowded train.Trevor engages in __________ on the subway.

A) social positioning
B) focused interaction
C) impression management
D) unfocused interaction

Question 24

People engage in __________ to reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.

A) space-time separation
B) audience segregation
C) social engineering
D) role swapping

Question 25

While grocery shopping,you run into your sociology professor.This creates an awkward interaction because you are not used to seeing her outside of class and you are not sure how to behave.The interaction is awkward because it violated your:

A) audience segregation
B) status position
C) sense of self
D) stress-free space

Question 26

An example of audience segregation is:

A) being openly gay at home but being straight at work for fear of discrimination
B) inviting both spouses' families over for a holiday,even though they are uncomfortable around each other
C) keeping two of your friends who do not like each other apart at a party
D) taking a friend to a concert to introduce her to music she has never heard before

Question 27

The social positions that a person occupies determines that person's:

A) social roles
B) ideas
C) gender identity
D) racial identity

Question 28

According to Harold Garfinkel,people use __________ to organize everyday conversations.

A) formal grammar
B) background expectancies
C) deceptive tactics
D) facial expressions

Question 29

The technique used to examine the organizational principles of talk is called:

A) survey analysis
B) language studies
C) conversation analysis
D) talk analysis

Question 30

To understand a conversation,we need to understand __________,which is why electronic communication,such as e-mail or text messaging,can lead to miscommunication.

A) the social context
B) the language
C) what the participants look like
D) the emoticons

Question 31

Ethnomethodology is the study of __________,which every person uses in day-to-day life to make sense of what others do.

A) cultural relativism
B) interviews
C) social confinement
D) ethnomethods

Question 32

As a medical doctor,Enrique has the privilege of being called Dr.Chavez.This is because our society gives high __________ to medical doctors.

A) rates of disapproval
B) wages
C) status
D) expectations

Question 33

Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a specific social position in American society?

A) race
B) doctor
C) gender
D) sexual orientation

Question 34

Encounters always need __________,which indicate(s)that civil inattention is being discarded and focused interaction will begin.

A) impression management
B) pre-openings
C) openings
D) controlled alertness

Question 35

According to the textbook,interactional vandalism,such as when men on the street call out to and follow women,is likely to have the effect of:

A) challenging status positions
B) encouraging violence
C) supporting status positions
D) breaking down audience segregation

Question 36

When Jane arrived at the party,her friend Alyssa came over immediately to say hello.According to Erving Goffman,this is an example of:

A) controlled alertness
B) focused interaction
C) unfocused interaction
D) interactional vandalism

Question 37

Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a general social position in American society?

A) politician
B) doctor
C) gender
D) basketball player

Question 38

During a dinner at a fancy restaurant,a young woman knocks over a glass of water as she reaches for the salt.As the water soaks the tablecloth she exclaims,"Oops,sorry!" This is an example of a:

A) response cry
B) reflex cry
C) status marker
D) social cover-up

Question 39

Which of the following would NOT be a case in which both focused and unfocused interaction are likely to occur?

A) an individual watching TV alone
B) the parking lot before a football game
C) a lunchtime crowd in a university cafeteria
D) the first day of a university class

Question 40

Unfocused interaction is when people:

A) ignore each other completely in a small space
B) exhibit mutual awareness but do not engage in face-to-face interaction
C) demonstrate how they perceive others through body language
D) communicate over e-mail or text message

Question 41

__________ of all adult Americans use some kind of social networking site.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 42

What is civil inattention? Using the example of a crowded public bus,explain how individuals on the bus might engage in civil inattention.

Question 43

What is interactional vandalism? Give an example.Why does interactional vandalism create problems in everyday interaction and conversation?

Question 44

Edward T.Hall identifies how many zones for personal space?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 45

The verbal harassment of a single woman by a group of men as she walks past a construction site can be examined as a social interaction but must also be understood as part of a larger system of:

A) occupational stratification
B) gender inequality
C) politeness norms
D) social stratification

Question 46

Sociologists Deirdre Boden and Harvey Molotch argue that even with the growth of electronic communication,such as text messaging and e-mail,people have a strong need to interact in each other's presence.They call this concept:

A) focused interaction
B) compulsion of proximity
C) impression management
D) social status

Question 47

The sociologist Carol Brooks Gardner linked the harassment of women by men to the larger system of male privilege in public spaces,women's physical vulnerability,and the omnipresent threat of rape.Her analysis of these interactions shows the importance of linking __________ and __________ to understand social interaction.

A) gender; class
B) harassment; violence
C) norms; actions
D) microsociology; macrosociology

Question 48

Throughout our day we alternate our activities and where they take place according to what sociologists call:

A) time-space
B) space continuum
C) time-mood
D) social expectations

Question 49

Using the example of fans watching a football game at your college stadium,explain how individuals would be engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others.Discuss the appropriate terms Erving Goffman and other sociologists used to analyze such situations.

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of the compulsion of proximity?

A) John and Irma went to high school together and reconnected on Facebook.
B) Maria and Thomas met online and communicated using e-mail,text messages,and the phone regularly,but they did not feel a real connection until they met in person for the first time over coffee.
C) Trevor and Alyssa broke up,and now they dislike having to see each other in their sociology class.
D) Travis and Alma do not know each other,but the bus they are on is very crowded,which forces them to rub shoulders

Question 51

As of January 2014,Facebook had over 1.3 billion active users.Explain how electronic technology,such as Facebook,affects audience segregation.Be sure to define audience segregation.

Question 52

According to Edward T.Hall,which zone of personal space is most acceptable during an encounter with your spouse or romantic partner?

A) touching distance
B) public distance
C) social distance
D) intimate distance

Question 53

In the book Streetwise: Race,Class,and Change in an Urban Community (1990),Elijah Anderson noted that studying everyday life sheds light on how social order is created by the individual building blocks of:

A) macro-level institutions
B) prejudice and racism
C) impression management
D) micro-level interactions

Question 54

According to sociologists,all of us have multiple social roles.What are your social roles,and how are they related to your social position?

Question 55

Our actions throughout the day are generally organized according to both the time of day and:

A) information
B) other people
C) mood
D) space

Question 56

In modern societies large-scale social institutions are organized by __________,which allows for the precise timing of activities.

A) clock-time
B) managers
C) time maximization
D) time-rules

Question 57

What is impression management? Give an example of how a college student engages in impression management when interacting with professors.

Question 58

According to sociologists,in what ways do individuals communicate their emotions to each other? Explain how technology altered some of the ways in which individuals communicate their emotions.

Question 59

Regionalization is the idea that social life is separated into regional settings or zones.These social zones are separated physically,such as a kitchen and a bedroom,but also by:

A) time
B) income
C) modern architectural design
D) interior design principles

Question 60

The measuring of time by clocks is standard around the world today.World standard time was first introduced in:

A) the 1900s
B) the early 2000s
C) the 1600s
D) the 1800s

Question 61

Using the concept of regionalization,explain how time and space shaped your social activities and interactions in the past 24 hours.

Question 62

Use an example from your own experience to explain how our day-to-day social interactions are shaped by gender and racial hierarchies and in turn reinforce those same hierarchies.

Question 63

What is the compulsion of proximity? Explain how the increase in electronic communication affects the compulsion of proximity.Use examples.