Deck 14: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Thomas Malthus was a British economist.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Malthus theorem states that population grows geometrically,while the food supply increases arithmetically.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Anti-Malthusians believe the Least Industrialized Nations of the world are in the third stage of the demographic transition.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The norm of noninvolvement is more likely to apply to rural and suburban dwellers than city dwellers.

Question 5

The second stage of the demographic transition is characterized by a population explosion due to higher birth rates and lower death rates.

Question 6

The fastest growing cities in the United States are in the West and South,while the fastest shrinking cities are in the Northeast.

Question 7

The devastating tsunami of 2004 demonstrated that Mother Nature stabilizes rapid population growth in the Least Industrialized Nations through natural disasters that take millions of lives.

Question 8

The key to the origin of cities was the development of larger and more powerful militaries.

Question 9

In every country that industrializes,the birth rate increases.

Question 10

Mexico's age structure gives it a population momentum over other nations with a similar population because of its increased number of people in the childbearing age category.

Question 11

Overall,there has been a decrease in the rate of population growth worldwide.

Question 12

Although some experts claim immigrants drain the U.S. economy more than they contribute to it,others take the reverse view,concluding that immigrants produce more in labor and taxes than they cost.

Question 13

At the time of the birth of Christ,the world's population began to increase at an accelerated rate.

Question 14

In the Least Industrialized Nations,the more children a woman bears,the more she is thought to have achieved the purpose for which she was born.

Question 15

Cities are relatively new to the world scene,developing on a large scale after the Industrial Revolution.

Question 16

The United States has a greater number of pull factors than it has push factors,which is why it is the nation with the highest immigration rate.

Question 17

A megalopolis is a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provide a sense of place to people who live,shop,and work there.

Question 18

In 1950,the only megacity in the world was New York City.

Question 19

Of the three demographic variables,the migration rate affects the global population increases and decreases the most.

Question 20

Drought and warfare are the major causes of world starvation,not a lack of food.

Question 21

In Least Industrialized Nations and among many traditional groups,women bear 20 to 22 children in their lifetime. This is near the maximum number of children that women are capable of bearing,which is referred to as ________.

A)the fertility rate
B)fecundity
C)the crude birth rate
D)morbidity

Question 22

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective,why do women in poor nations bear a large number of children?

A)Men control reproductive choices in the poor nations.
B)Women cannot afford to spend money on birth control.
C)Women are not educated on how to use birth control.
D)Large families are rewarded socially and economically.

Question 23

The process by which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and net migration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate is called ________.

A)demographic free fall
B)population implosion
C)demographic decline
D)population shrinkage

Question 24

From the beginning of time,how long did it take the world's population to reach its first billion people?

A)at about the time of the birth of Christ
B)1000 AD
C)1800 AD
D)1900 AD

Question 25

What continent is suggested to have the greatest incidence of population shrinkage?

A)North America
B)South America
C)Oceania
D)Europe

Question 26

In the demographic transition theory,a "population explosion" traditionally occurs in the ________ stage.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 27

Since 1975,approximately how many years does it take each time the world population increases by 1 billion people?

A)6
B)12
C)24
D)48

Question 28

What variables are MOST often included on a population pyramid?

A)percentage of population by race,level of education
B)percentage of population by race,sex
C)percentage of population by race,age
D)percentage of population by sex,age

Question 29

Who was the English economist who saw the surging growth of the world population as a sign of global doom?

A)Pitirim Sorokin
B)Thomas Malthus
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Charles Goring

Question 30

Some Anti-Malthusians predict that the world's population will peak at about 7 or 8 billion and then begin to grow smaller. They refer to this process as a demographic ________.

A)free fall
B)explosion
C)implosion
D)free climb

Question 31

The nation hardest hit by the tsunami of 2004,with a death toll of 233,000,was ________.

A)Taiwan
B)Sri Lanka
C)Madagascar
D)Indonesia

Question 32

The product that Spanish conquistadors found in the New World and took back to Europe that greatly affected the growth of the European population,especially among the lower classes,was ________.

A)gold
B)tobacco
C)the potato
D)the coca plant

Question 33

What is a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals,resulting in an acceleration of growth during the final stages?

A)demographic equation
B)demographic transition
C)exponential growth curve
D)implosion growth curve

Question 34

What is the Malthus theorem?

A)the belief that if people define situations as real,they are real in their consequences
B)the idea that population grows geometrically and the food supply only increases arithmetically
C)the belief that language influences culture
D)a three-stage explanation of how populations increase,stabilize,and then decrease

Question 35

What term do demographers use to refer to the number of children an average woman bears?

A)crude birth rate
B)fecundity
C)maternity ratio
D)fertility rate

Question 36

Thomas Malthus viewed the 18^th century growth rate as __________.

A)a sign of doom
B)a sign of prosperity
C)a sign of fertility
D)a sign of power

Question 37

What is the MOST logical conclusion that can be reached regarding the debate about projected population trends in the future between the New Malthusians and the Anti-Malthusians?

A)Only the future will prove the accuracy of either prediction.
B)The New Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
C)The Anti-Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
D)Neither the New Malthusians nor the Anti-Malthusians are correct.

Question 38

With respect to fecundity,what is the maximum number of children women are capable of bearing?

A)8
B)15
C)30
D)45

Question 39

Which of the following conditions is a declining standard of living MOST likely to create in a country?

A)political instability
B)the growth of multinationals
C)citizen apathy
D)economic alienation

Question 40

When a Least Industrialized Nation experiences political instability that threatens an entire region's balance of power,what action is the United Nations MOST likely to take?

A)It will sever all economic connections with the politically unstable nation.
B)It will give agriculture and birth control aid to the masses and sell guns to the elites.
C)It will ignore the situation because of the Marshall plan.
D)It will attempt to act as a mediator between the citizens of the affected nation and their government.

Question 41

Today,approximately what percentage of Americans live in cities?

A)65 percent
B)71 percent
C)80 percent
D)87 percent

Question 42

In a nation where every 1,000 women bear 2,100 children,what is the likelihood of that nation's change in population?

A)The nation will double its population in twelve years.
B)There will be zero population growth.
C)The nation will suffer a demographic free fall.
D)The nation will experience population inconsistency.

Question 43

Carla has been asked to figure out last year's growth rate for the United States. She is using a formula that starts with births,subtracts the number of deaths,and then adds the net migration. What is another name for this formula?

A)the Pythagorean theorem
B)the demographic transition theory
C)the basic demographic equation
D)the population density model

Question 44

The region of the world with the highest number of legal immigrants is ________.

A)North America
B)Asia
C)Central and South America
D)Europe

Question 45

The world's average fertility rate is _______.

A)10.3
B)4)3
C)18.5
D)2)5

Question 46

The nation believed to employ the practice of female infanticide most often is ________.

A)Mexico
B)China
C)Indonesia
D)Turkey

Question 47

Which of these nations is reported to have the lowest death rate?

A)Qatar
B)Afghanistan
C)United States
D)Sweden

Question 48

A central city that is surrounded by smaller cities and suburbs is referred to as a(n)________.

A)urban village
B)megalopolis
C)metropolis
D)suburbia

Question 49

What is infrastructure?

A)Unknown costs in money and resources needed to complete a project.
B)The ruling body of a society,especially in a nondemocratic society.
C)The essential factors on which cities depend,such as rapid transportation and communications.
D)A condition of social inequality that pits the haves and have-nots in the same general area.

Question 50

With a population of over 36 million,the largest city in the world today is ________.

A)Tokyo
B)New Delhi
C)Mexico City
D)Peking

Question 51

Which nation has adopted the "one couple,one child" policy?

A)China
B)India
C)Indonesia
D)Pakistan

Question 52

Which of the following is not a "pull" of urban life?

A)live concerts of rap and salsa music
B)an increase in crime
C)an Italian marketplace
D)an increase in work opportunities

Question 53

To determine a country's growth rate,what three variables would a demographer use?

A)race,sex,life expectancy
B)life span,life expectancy,migration
C)fertility,mortality,migration
D)race,fertility,life span

Question 54

Jim and Millie are one of ten couples who have decided to buy and restore an older house in a deteriorated urban neighborhood. Jim and Millie are part of a movement referred to as ________.

A)urban renovation
B)gentrification
C)urban networking
D)city upgrading

Question 55

At approximately which period in history did cities begin to develop on a large scale in several parts of the world?

A)at the time of the birth of Christ
B)3500 years before the birth of Christ
C)during the Middle Ages,about 1300 AD
D)during the Industrial Revolution,about 1800 AD

Question 56

In 1950,the only megacities in the world were ________.

A)Tokyo and Peking
B)New York City and Tokyo
C)London and Los Angeles
D)Mexico City and New Delhi

Question 57

What was the key factor in the development of cities?

A)The development of more efficient agriculture.
B)The establishment of organized religion.
C)The rise of government dedicated to the needs of the people.
D)The origin of large scale warfare that required greater defense of the population.

Question 58

In 1800,the only city of the world that had a population exceeding one million was ________.

A)London
B)New York
C)New Delhi
D)Peking

Question 59

To qualify as a megacity,a city's population must exceed ________.

A)1 million
B)5 million
C)10 million
D)50 million

Question 60

The primary factor that affects the growth rate of most countries today is the ________.

A)status of married couples in a country
B)dominant religious beliefs of the society
C)degree of political stability in a country
D)rate of industrialization in a country

Question 61

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson,what organizational change in society transformed the inner cities into ghettos?

A)suburbanization
B)urbanization
C)deindustrialization
D)urban patterns

Question 62

The process of one group of people displacing a group whose racial,ethnic,or social class characteristics differ from their own is called ________.

A)invasion-succession cycle
B)invasion-dispersion
C)acculturation-assimilation
D)acculturation-succession

Question 63

Since the food supply is arithmetic,how is it possible for there to be more food produced for each person in the world today than there was in 1950?

Question 64

Approximately how long did it take the world population to reach 1 billion,then each successive billion after that to reach the 6 billion mark?

Question 65

The model of urban growth that views the city as a series of somewhat circular zones occurring outward from its center is called the ________ model.

A)sector
B)multiple-nuclei
C)urban village
D)concentric zone

Question 66

What are the four stages of the demographic transition theory?

Question 67

The city of Whispering Falls is trying to boost its economy by offering large corporations low taxes and economic assistance to locate in an industrial park within the city limits. Such a strategy is referred to as ________.

A)redlining
B)establishing an enterprise zone
C)gentrification
D)urban renewal

Question 68

According to sociologist Herbert Gans,people experience the city differently. How did Gans suggest some people find a sense of community in the city?

A)They personalize their shopping and patronize the same establishments.
B)They paint graffiti on abandoned building using their "street" names.
C)They live in the more affluent areas of the city.
D)They adopt the particular culture of the area and call it their own.

Question 69

A form of the enterprise zone that combines tax breaks and low interest loans in redeveloping areas is called ________.

A)a Federal Empowerment Zone
B)a redline district
C)the urban renewal section
D)the reinvestment model

Question 70

The Gerad Company has decided to build their new factory in an area of the city that is considered a problem area. When they applied for a loan at the bank,they were refused. The refusal of this loan is an example of ________.

A)redlining
B)reinvestment
C)enterprise zoning
D)bureaucratic business

Question 71

What is the basic premise of the Malthus theorem?

Question 72

Based on Gans' typologies of city dwellers,what classification do the elderly,mentally ill,and drug addicts fall into?

A)ethnic villagers
B)cosmopolite
C)the trapped
D)deprived urbanite

Question 73

Techniques that protect your "personal space," such as using a newspaper to shield yourself from others,is known as ________.

A)the diffusion of responsibility
B)alienation
C)the norm of noninvolvement
D)group polarization

Question 74

Who was Thomas Malthus?

Question 75

A situation where there are more bystanders,but a tendency for fewer bystanders to help in an emergency situation,is referred to as ________.

A)compartmentalization
B)diffusion of responsibility
C)regression
D)fight or flight syndrome

Question 76

A city of 10,000 to 50,000 residents that is not a suburb of another larger city and is often located "next to nowhere" is called a(n)________.

A)micropolis
B)edge city
C)vector village
D)unincorporated city

Question 77

What is the difference in population growth between the Least Industrialized Nations and the Most Industrialized Nations?

Question 78

With Western nations producing enough food to feed the world's population,why are people starving?

Question 79

What term describes clusters of buildings and services near the intersection of major highways where shopping malls,hotels,office parks,and apartment complexes are found?

A)vector communities
B)micropolises
C)sector villages
D)edge cities

Question 80

The concept of human ecology to describe the ways in which people adapt to their environment was developed by sociologist ________.

A)Robert Park
B)Joseph F. Cimini
C)Frank Taylor
D)William Beaver