Question 1

In a behavioural genetics study reported by Turkheimer (2003) it was found that educational achievement was...&#10;A) Largely genetic for poorer children, largely environmental for well-off children&#10;B) Largely genetic for well-off children, largely environmental for poorer children&#10;C) largely genetic for both groups of children&#10;D) Largely environmental for both groups of children

Accepted Answer

Turkheimer's behavioural genetics study found that educational achievement was largely influenced by genetics in well-off children, while it was largely influenced by environmental factors in poorer children. This suggests that the role of genetics might vary depending on one's socio-economic background.

Question 2

Approximately what proportion of individuals is classified as insecurely attached?&#10;A) A third&#10;B) A tenth&#10;C) A fifth&#10;D) A half

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approximately one-third of individuals are classified as insecurely attached.

Question 3

According to Haidt and Joseph (2004) which moral domain is associated with disgust?&#10;A) Fairness/reciprocity&#10;B) Harm/Care&#10;C) Purity/sanctity&#10;D) Authority/respect

Accepted Answer

According to Haidt and Joseph (2004), the moral domain associated with disgust is purity/sanctity. This refers to the idea that some things or behaviors are considered pure, clean, or sacred, while others are seen as dirty, impure, or grotesque. Disgust is often elicited by violations of norms related to purity and cleanliness, such as eating taboo foods or engaging in sexual practices that are considered taboo or immoral.

Question 4

Who suggested that infanticide might be the result of implicit cost-benefit analysis?&#10;A) Draper and Harpending&#10;B) Daly and Wilson&#10;C) Ainsworth and Bowlby&#10;D) Belsky and Chisholm

Accepted Answer

Daly and Wilson suggested that infanticide might be the result of implicit cost-benefit analysis, proposing that in certain circumstances, the act could be seen as a decision influenced by economic or survival considerations.

Question 5

Life history theory argues that fitness can be grouped into two categories:&#10;A) Allocation and reproductive effort&#10;B) Allocation and somatic effort&#10;C) r and K effort&#10;D) Somatic and reproductive effort

Accepted Answer

Life history theory argues that fitness can be partitioned into somatic effort, which relates to growth and maintenance, and reproductive effort, which relates to the production and raising of offspring. Somatic effort involves the resources that an individual invests in its own growth, maintenance, and survival, such as energy for metabolism, building and maintaining tissues, and defending against pathogens. Reproductive effort involves the resources that an individual invests in its offspring, such as energy for mating, producing gametes, gestating or laying eggs, feeding and caring for offspring, and defending offspring from predators or competitors.

Question 6

The BSD (Belsky, Steinberg, Draper) theory a species, increased environmental riskiness is thought to lead to individuals maximising____ reproductive success at the expense of____ reproductive success.

A) Direct, indirect
B) Indirect, direct
C) Current, future
D) Future, current

Accepted Answer

The BSD theory posits that in riskier environments, individuals prioritize immediate (current) reproductive success over the potential for success in the future (future), as future conditions are more uncertain.

Question 7

In the strange situation test a child shows high anxiety when its mother leaves and is not easily comforted when its mother returns, what kind of attachment style is this?&#10;A) Secure attachment&#10;B) Disorganised attachment&#10;C) Insecure avoidant&#10;D) Insecure resistant

Accepted Answer

This is the description of the insecure-resistant attachment style. In this style, the child is highly distressed when the caregiver leaves and is not easily comforted upon their return. This may indicate that the child has developed a preoccupied or anxious style of attachment, in which they are motivated to seek proximity to their caregiver but feel uncertain about the caregiver's availability or responsiveness.

Question 8

In Haidt's theory, what is a moral illusion?&#10;A) Something that evokes moral emotions but cannot be verbally justified&#10;B) Something that can be verbally justified but produces no moral emotions&#10;C) Something that produces no emotional or cognitive response&#10;D) Something that is considered moral only by philosophers

Accepted Answer

A moral illusion is something that evokes moral emotions but cannot be verbally justified. It is an intuitive sense of right and wrong that cannot be explained through reason or logic. Haidt suggests that our moral intuitions are primarily driven by emotions and are not always based on rationality. He argues that these moral illusions can be adaptive, but they can also lead to conflicts and misunderstandings when different groups have different moral intuitions.

Question 9

Group socialization theory (Harris, 1994) suggests that the biggest effect that parents have is&#10;A) Whether they are divorced or not&#10;B) Their parenting skills&#10;C) Their educational levels&#10;D) Their genes

Accepted Answer

According to group socialization theory, the biggest effect that parents have is through their genes, as they contribute to the child's temperament, personality, and other traits that shape their socialization experiences.

Question 10

According to Belsky (2005) when the environment is relatively stable, children will benefit most from which of the following?&#10;A) Learning from older children&#10;B) Individual problem solving&#10;C) Learning from their peers&#10;D) Learning from their parents

Accepted Answer

When the environment is relatively stable, children will benefit most from learning from their parents. This is because parents are usually more experienced and knowledgeable about the stable environment and can provide guidance and support to help children navigate and thrive in that environment. Learning from older children or peers may not be as beneficial in a stable environment, as they may not have as much experience or understanding of the environment. Individual problem solving can be helpful, but the guidance and support of parents can enhance and facilitate problem-solving skills.

Question 11

Which of the following is thought to lead to children to maximise future reproductive success?&#10;A) Father absence&#10;B) Harsh maternal environment&#10;C) Mother older than average&#10;D) Low birth weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is thought to...

Question 12

The principle of double effect states that it is permissible to harm someone only if&#10;A) The person is not actually physically touched&#10;B) There is a greater overall benefit by harming the person than not harming them&#10;C) The harm is not a means to an end&#10;D) You only harm them once

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of double effect states that...

Question 13

Turkheimer (2000) reports that most studies show that the shared environment accounts for around ____ of the variation in most traits&#10;A) 10%&#10;B) 20%&#10;C) 40%&#10;D) 80%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Turkheimer (2000) reports that most studies show...

Question 14

Recent research is starting to show that psychopaths moral reasoning may be characterised as what?&#10;A) Passionate&#10;B) Dispassionate&#10;C) Absent&#10;D) Emotionally charged

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research is starting to show that...

Question 15

Behavioural geneticists divide the environment of developing children into:&#10;A) Common and shared&#10;B) Shared and passive&#10;C) Common and unique&#10;D) Shared and unique

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavioural geneticists divide the environment of developing...

Question 16

In life history theory, which of the following is considered to be somatic effort?&#10;A) Sexual reproducing&#10;B) Maturation&#10;C) Producing offspring&#10;D) Rearing offspring

Accepted Answer

The answer of In life history theory, which of the...

Question 17

A study on siblings of divorced parents by Titcher and Ellis (2008) found younger siblings experienced menarche________ which________the BSD (Belsky, Steinberg, Draper) theory&#10;A) Earlier, supports&#10;B) Later, supports&#10;C) Earlier, contradicts&#10;D) Later, contradicts

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study on siblings of divorced parents...

Question 18

Koenigs et al (2007) found that people with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex tend to make moral decisions that are&#10;A) Slower&#10;B) Faster&#10;C) More utilitarian&#10;D) More emotionally based

Accepted Answer

The answer of Koenigs et al (2007) found that people...

Question 19

What is the name of the category of gene-environment interaction where a child with some genetic trait will tend to seek out environments commensurate with that trait?&#10;A) Passive&#10;B) Active&#10;C) Reactive&#10;D) Evocative

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the category...

Question 20

Differing reproductive strategies that occur within a species are known as the:&#10;A) r-K continuum&#10;B) r-F continuum&#10;C) C-F continuum&#10;D) C-K continuum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differing reproductive strategies that occur within a...

Deck 6: Social Development