Deck 7: The Evolutionary Psychology of Social Behaviour Kin Relationships and Conflict

Question 1

According to Hamilton, ultimately costs and benefits are measured in terms of:

A) Direct
B) Inclusive fitness
C) Indirect fitness
D) Reciprocal altruism

Answer 1

Inclusive fitness

Question 2

If a pregnancy is to progress, then high levels of _________are required:

A) Progesterone
B) Corpus luteum
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Human placental lactogen

Answer 2

Progesterone

Question 3

The battle over blood sugar between mother and foetus involves the hormone:

A) Progesterone
B) Corpus luteum
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Human placental lactogen

Answer 3

Human placental lactogen

Question 4

__selected species are adapted to stable environments and tend to live longer whereas, __selected species are found where, due to unpredictable conditions, it may pay a parent to produce large numbers of offspring which develop very rapidly:

A) R and k
B) L and m
C) P and q
D) K and r

Question 5

The term kin selection was first used by:

A) Dawkins
B) Trivers
C) Maynard-Smith
D) Hamilton

Question 6

Conflictual encounters between mother and teenage daughter in rural Trinidad is highest when:

A) Both mother and daughter are of reproductive age
B) Neither mother nor daughter is of reproductive age
C) The daughter is of reproductive age but the mother isn't
D) The mother is of reproductive age but the daughter isn't

Question 7

Modern-day evolutionists consider the genes which are passed on to the next generation via an individual's own offspring as their __________and those which are passed on via aid to other kin as their _________.

A) Parental investment and indirect fitness
B) Direct fitness and parental investment
C) Indirect fitness and direct fitness
D) Direct fitness and indirect fitness

Question 8

When a relative is recognised due to location this is based on:

A) Phenotype matching
B) Context-based discrimination
C) Major histocompatibility complex
D) Recognition genes

Question 9

There is evidence that growth of the embryo and placenta are under control of:

A) Maternal genes
B) Both maternal and paternal genes
C) Neither maternal nor paternal genes
D) Paternal genes

Question 10

Social psychology has developed a series of mini-theories but lacks an overarching metatheory according to:

A) Simpson and Kenrick
B) Maynard-Smith
C) Haldane
D) Roberts and Dunbar

Question 11

The coefficient of relatedness between grandparents and grandchildren is:

A) 1.0
B) 0.5
C) 0.125
D) 0.25

Question 12

Genes involved in the production of the molecules on the surface of body cells are known as:

A) Phenotype matching
B) Major histocompatibility complex
C) Context-based discrimination
D) Recognition genes

Question 13

The 1976 book 'The Use and Abuse of Biology' which was critical of kin selection theory was written by:

A) Shavit, Fischer and Koresh
B) Alcock
C) Sahlins
D) Silk

Question 14

The 'Cinderella effect' where step-parents are considered to provide less than biological parents to children was proposed by:

A) Daly and Wilson
B) Buller
C) Alcock
D) Sahlins

Question 15

In the chapter it was suggested that tantrums have been observed in a wide variety of infant animals as an attempt to increase maternal investment including:

A) Ants, bees, reed deer and gorillas
B) Wild dogs of Africa, naked mole rats, gorillas and dwarf mongooses
C) Pelicans, starlings, baboons and zebra
D) Naked mole rats, gorillas, dwarf mongooses and Florida scrub jays

Question 16

Naked mole rats are highly in breed having an 'r' of:

A) 0.61
B) 0.71
C) 0.81
D) 0.91

Question 17

Siblings may share __ per cent of their genes with each other and with other members of their species. They will, however, share only __ per cent on average from their common parentage:

A) 50 and 99
B) 50 and 75
C) 75 and 50
D) 99 and 50

Question 18

'Hamilton's rule' and can be reduced to this simple formula of:

A) rb < c
B) c < rb
C) c > rb
D) r < cb

Question 19

Soldier (and worker) castes are sterile and are more closely related to their sisters (r = ___) than they would be to offspring (r = ___) they produced themselves

A) 0.75 and 0.50
B) 0.50 and 0.75
C) 0.75 and 0.99
D) 0.99 and 0.50

Question 20

Which evolutionist is believed to have suggested he would risk his life for at least an identical twin or eight cousins:

A) Simpson and Kenrick
B) Maynard-Smith
C) Haldane
D) Roberts and Dunbar