Deck 16: Biomolecules: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Draw the structure of calcium oleate. Would this substance be soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 1

insoluble in water

Question 2

Instructions: Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once.

Answer 2

Question 3

Which of the following would be expected to be found in higher concentration in butter versus olive oil?

A) CH₃(CH₂)₁₂CO₂H
B) CH₃(CH₂)₇CHCH(CH₂)₇CO₂H
C) CH₃(CH₂)₄(CHCHCH₂)₂(CH₂)₆CO₂H
D) CH₃(CH₂)₄(CHCHCH₂)₄(CH₂)₂CO₂H

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When soaps disperse in water, the long hydrocarbon tails cluster together in a hydrophobic ball, while the ionic heads on the surface of the cluster stick out into the water. These spherical clusters are called:

A) fatty acid esters
B) triacylglycerols
C) lipid bilayers
D) micelles

Question 5

The bond between the nitrogenous base and the sugar in a nucleoside is a glycosidic bond. Which type of reagent should cleave this bond?

A) acid
B) base
C) acid or base
D) neither acid nor base
E) It depends on which nitrogenous base and which sugar are present.

Question 6

Write the saponification reaction of glyceryl distearate monooleate.

Question 7

Consider the following structure.

Question 8

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

A) lauric acid
B) myristic acid
C) palmitic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 9

Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?

A) oxidation
B) hydrogenation
C) hydrolysis
D) hydration

Question 10

The major lipid components of cell membranes are:

A) sphingolipids
B) fatty acids
C) phosphoglycerides
D) terpenoids

Question 11

Chemically, these are triacylglycerols, triesters of glycerol with three long-chain carboxylic acids.

A) waxes
B) fats and oils
C) fatty acids
D) soaps

Question 12

Which of the following is not true about cholesterol?

A) a steroid
B) a precursor for other steroids
C) produced from lanosterol
D) geometry allows for ring-flips
E) all of these are true

Question 13

How many constitutional isomers could be written for glyceryl monolaurate monomyristate monosterate?

Question 14

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

A) lauric acid
B) oleic acid
C) linoleic acid
D) linolenic acid

Question 15

Which of the following characterizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A) produces multiple copies of DNA segments
B) requires small amount of the source DNA
C) the key to the process is a thermally stable enzyme
D) involves temperature cycling
E) all of these

Question 16

Cell membranes, which form an effective barrier to the passage of ions and other components into and out of the cell, are:

A) fatty acid esters
B) tricacylglycerols
C) lipid bilayers
D) micelles

Question 17

Draw the structure of glyceryl trimyristate and compare its melting point to that of glyceryl tristearate.

Question 18

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone
Draw major product(s):

Question 19

Which of the following would function in a regulatory capacity?

A) aldosterone
B) androsterone
C) norethindrone
D) estradiol

Question 20

Instructions: Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone
Draw major product(s):

Question 21

DNA can best be described as

A) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and nitrogenous base on the exterior, with phosphates on the interior
B) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and nitrogenous base on the interior, with phosphates on the exterior
C) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate on the exterior, with nitrogenous bases on the interior
D) two backbones of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate on the interior, with nitrogenous bases on the exterior
E) two backbones of alternating nitrogenous base and phosphate on the exterior, with deoxyriboses on the interior

Question 22

The phosphodiester linkages in DNA and in RNA are, respectively:

A) 2' to 3', 3' to 2'
B) 2' to 5', 5' to 2'
C) 3' to 5', 5' to 3'
D) 3' to 5', 3' to 5'
E) 5' to 5', 3' to 3'

Question 23

Which of the following is 2-deoxy-D-ribose?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 24

Which of the following is a definition of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A) RNA found in the ribosome, the site in cells where synthesis of proteins takes place
B) RNA which carries a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis
C) RNA which has coded genetic information
D) RNA which signals cell death

Question 25

What sequence of bases on the second strand of DNA is complementary to the following?
(5') GCATTA (3')

Question 26

What mRNA sequence is complementary to the following DNA base sequence?
(5') TAAGGCGATA (3')

Question 27

A double-stranded DNA molecule that contains 22%, on a mole basis, T must also contain

A) 11% G
B) 22% G
C) 28% G
D) 56% G
E) 78% G

Question 28

Which of the following is deoxyadenosine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 29

Which of the following is uridine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 30

What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? (5') ATCTAGTCA (3')

A) (5') TAGATCAGT (3')
B) (5') TGACTAGAT (3')
C) (5') ATCTAGTCA (3')
D) (5') ACTGATCTA (3')

Question 31

The process invented in 1986 which allows multiple copies of a given DNA sequence to be produced is:

Question 32

Male sex hormones like testosterone are called:

Question 33

Which reagent is used to accelerate coupling reactions in both laboratory peptide synthesis and laboratory DNA synthesis?

A) catalytic H⁺
B) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)
C) ethyl chloroformate
D) NaOH
E) PhS^- NH₄⁺

Question 34

In humans, most steroids function as:

Question 35

What is the anticodon sequence in tRNA that corresponds the following segment of mRNA?
(5') CUU-AGC-UGG-CCC(3')