Deck 2: Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in

Question 1

When cumulating frequencies from the bottom up,the data are discussed in terms of

A)at most
B)less than
C)at or below
D)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

State the problem with this simple frequency distribution.

A)The interval width is too small.
B)The interval width is unequal.
C)The class intervals overlap.
D)The number of intervals is too small.

Answer 2

The class intervals overlap.

Question 3

Grouped data are to ungrouped data as

A)quantitative is to qualitative
B)qualitative is to quantitative
C)inferential is to descriptive
D)descriptive is to inferential

Answer 3

quantitative is to qualitative

Question 4

As a general rule,a simple frequency distribution should have between

A)3 and 6 intervals
B)5 and 10 intervals
C)8 and 12 intervals
D)5 and 20 intervals

Question 5

Ungrouped data can be distributed as

A)intervals
B)categories
C)upper and lower boundaries
D)all of the above

Question 6

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following intervals: 3-6,7-10,11-15,16-18,19-22,and 23-26.What is wrong with this frequency distribution?

A)The interval width is too small.
B)The interval width is unequal.
C)The first class interval does not begin at 0.
D)One interval is an open class.

Question 7

Grouped data are distributed into ________,whereas ungrouped data are distributed into ________.

A)intervals;statistics
B)statistics;intervals
C)intervals;categories
D)categories;intervals

Question 8

Fill in the missing values for A and B in this frequency distribution table:

A)A = 3.2,B = 13
B)A = 3.1,B = 14
C)A = 3.3,B = 13
D)There is not enough information to complete this table.

Question 9

A researcher summarizes a set of frequency data into five intervals.This is an example of a frequency distribution for

A)ungrouped data
B)grouped data
C)inferential statistics
D)population parameters

Question 10

A simple frequency distribution

A)can be used to summarize grouped data
B)can be used to summarize ungrouped data
C)summarizes the frequency of scores in a given category or range
D)all of the above

Question 11

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following classes: absent,tardy,present.What type of data are distributed?

A)nominal data
B)qualitative data
C)ungrouped data
D)all of the above

Question 12

To determine the interval width,we divide the ________ by the number of intervals.

A)observed range
B)exclusive range
C)real range
D)all of the above

Question 13

The three steps for constructing a simple frequency distribution are

A)find the observed range,find the interval width,and construct the frequency distribution
B)find the real range,count the scores,and construct the frequency distribution
C)find the real range,find the interval width,and construct the frequency distribution
D)all of the above

Question 14

A researcher distributes frequencies into the following intervals: 1-10,11-20,21-30,31-40,41-50,and 51 and above.What is wrong with this frequency distribution?

A)The interval width is too small.
B)The interval width is unequal.
C)The class intervals overlap.
D)One interval is an open class.

Question 15

Which of the following requires the calculation of a real range?

A)frequency distributions for categorical
B)frequency distributions for ungrouped data
C)frequency distributions for grouped data
D)frequency distributions that do not use real data

Question 16

The following frequency distribution is an example of

A)grouped data
B)ungrouped data
C)categorical data
D)both B and C

Question 17

Grouped data can be distributed

A)as a range of values
B)with upper and lower boundaries
C)into intervals
D)all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a rule for constructing a simple frequency distribution?

A)The number of intervals should equal the number of values measured.
B)Each interval is equidistant.
C)No class interval overlaps.
D)Values are rounded to the same degree of accuracy measured in the original data.

Question 19

When cumulating frequencies from the top down,the data are discussed in terms of

A)greater than
B)at or above
C)at least
D)all of the above

Question 20

The range of scores in each interval of a grouped frequency distribution is called the

A)simple frequency
B)interval width
C)real range
D)grouped data

Question 21

What is the corresponding percentile of a percentile point

A)the score
B)the frequency
C)the percentile rank
D)always 100%

Question 22

What is the percentile point at the 80^th percentile in the following distribution?

A)2
B)6
C)7
D)8

Question 23

What is the percentile point at the 50th percentile for the following distribution?

A)21
B)23.5
C)25
D)25.5

Question 24

A researcher wants to determine how many participants will take less than 24 seconds to complete a cognitive performance task.If he constructs a frequency distribution for these data,what type of distribution would be most appropriate to answer his question?

A)a simple frequency distribution
B)a relative frequency distribution
C)a cumulative frequency distribution from the bottom up
D)a cumulative frequency distribution from the top down

Question 25

A ________ is plotted at the midpoint of each interval,whereas a ________ is plotted at the upper boundary of each interval.

A)histogram;bar chart
B)frequency polygon;histogram
C)frequency polygon;ogive
D)histogram;frequency polygon

Question 26

A cumulative percentage summary that indicates the percentage of scores at or below a given value is called a

A)relative percentage
B)relative frequency
C)percentile rank
D)cumulative frequency

Question 27

The ________ is the percentage of scores with values that fall below a specified score in a distribution,is called the:

A)percentile rank
B)interval
C)relative frequency
D)percentile point

Question 28

A researcher reports that 12 persons in a sample of 60 reported getting between 4 and 6 hours of sleep per night.What is the relative percentage for this interval?

A)24%
B)22%
C)20%
D)There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 29

What is the percentile point at the 90^th percentile in the following distribution?

A)9
B)10
C)9.5
D)10.5

Question 30

A researcher finds that 12% of participants make between 3-5 visits to a physician each year.What are the real limits for this interval?

A)3-5
B)2.5-5.5
C)2.5-3.5
D)equal to the sum of the products for the previous interval

Question 31

The sum of relative frequencies for each interval is _____.

A)1.00
B)100%
C)equal to the total number of scores in a distribution
D)both A and B

Question 32

A graphical display for grouped frequency distributions with continuous data is called a

A)histogram
B)bar chart
C)pie chart
D)scatter gram

Question 33

A relative frequency distribution is appropriate when

A)there are large frequency counts in each interval
B)the data are grouped into relatively small intervals
C)there are open classes
D)the interval width is too large

Question 34

A psychologist wants to know how many of her clients continue with therapy for at least 12 days.If she constructs a frequency distribution for these data,what type of distribution would be most appropriate to answer her question?

A)a cumulative frequency distribution from the bottom up
B)a cumulative frequency distribution from the top down
C)a simple frequency distribution
D)a relative frequency distribution

Question 35

A percentile is also called a:

A)score
B)range
C)distribution
D)percentile point

Question 36

A percentile point is

A)the value of a score on a measurement scale below which a specified percentage of scores in a distribution fall
B)a summary display that distributes the sum of percentages across a series of intervals
C)an interval with no defined upper or lower boundary
D)the range of values contained in each interval of a grouped frequency distribution

Question 37

The following is a simple frequency distribution table.Suppose we convert this table to a cumulative frequency distribution.The frequencies in each interval of the cumulative frequency distribution would be

A)5,8,10,14,20 (top down summary)
B)6,10,12,15,20 (bottom up summary)
C)both A and B,depending on how the data were summarized
D)It is not possible to summarize the data using a cumulative frequency distribution.

Question 38

A student scores in the 80th percentile on an exam.What does this mean in comparison to all other students?

A)the student scored higher than 80% of all others who took the exam
B)the student scored worse than 80% of all others who took the exam
C)Of all those who took the exam,only 80% of them completed it
D)the student would score the same grade on the exam 80% of the time

Question 39

A percentile is

A)a percentile point
B)a value between -1 and +1
C)a raw score multiplied times 100
D)only used with ungrouped data

Question 40

The following is a simple frequency distribution table.If we convert this frequency distribution to relative percentages,which of the following gives the corresponding percentages in each interval listed from the top down.

A)20%,33%,50%,67%,100%
B)0.2,0.13,0.17,0.33,0.17
C)20%,13%,17%,33%,17%
D)6,10,15,25,30

Question 41

State the original data displayed in the following stem-and-leaf display.

A)3,2,3,6,4,7,8,8,5,4,and 9
B)32,33,36,47,48,54,and 59
C)32,33,36,47,48,48,54,and 59
D)It is not possible to know the original data from this display.

Question 42

Grouped data are used to summarize quantitative data that are continuous or discrete.

Question 43

The midpoint of a given interval is the average of the upper and lower boundaries for that interval.

Question 44

Ungrouped data are always distributed in intervals.

Question 45

Frequency distributions summarize the average scores in a set of data.

Question 46

A researcher measures the time (in seconds)that it takes children to complete a basic reading skills task.What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of children falling into different intervals of time?

A)histogram
B)bar chart
C)scatter gram
D)all of the above

Question 47

Frequency distributions can be used to summarize both grouped and ungrouped data.

Question 48

The data should be ungrouped for the following data set: 6,7,7,7,7,7,7,8,8,8,9,9,9,6,6,6,8,and 7. ,

Question 49

To construct a pie chart,first distribute the data as

A)cumulative percentages
B)relative percentages
C)cumulative frequencies
D)cumulative relative percentages

Question 50

Bar charts are a lot like histograms,except

A)the bars displayed in the graph do not touch
B)the bar chart summarizes quantitative data
C)the bar chart summarizes continuous data
D)all of the above

Question 51

A researcher records the number of children at a local school from single-,divorced-,and married-parent homes.This frequency data would be best displayed as a

A)bar chart
B)frequency polygon
C)histogram
D)ogive

Question 52

Summarizing data in a table or graph can make it easier to see patterns in the data.

Question 53

Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize quantitative,continuous data?

A)histogram
B)frequency polygon
C)ogive
D)all of the above

Question 54

The data should be grouped for the following data set: 0,0,0,2,2,1,1,2,2,2,1,0,0,0,0,2,2,1,1,1,2,1,2,2,0,0,1,and 2.

Question 55

A researcher measures the weight (in ounces)of newborn infants in the month of March.What type of graphical display would be most appropriate for summarizing the frequency of infants falling into different intervals of weight?

A)histogram
B)bar chart
C)scatter gram
D)all of the above

Question 56

State the type of graphical display for Graph A and Graph B.

A)A is a bar chart;B is a histogram.
B)B is a bar chart;A is a histogram.
C)Both graphs are bar charts.
D)Both graphs are histograms.

Question 57

The real range is the difference between the largest value and smallest value in a data set.

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of graphical display used to summarize qualitative,discrete data?

A)bar chart
B)pie chart
C)histogram
D)both A and B

Question 59

In the stem-and-leaf display,each number to the right of the vertical line is referred to as a ________;the numbers to the left of the vertical line are called the ________.

A)stem;leaf
B)leaf;stem
C)digit;place
D)place;digit

Question 60

An open class is permitted when outliers exist in the data.

Question 61

A circular graph that displays the relative percentage of a frequency distribution into sectors is called a scatter gram.

Question 62

A histogram is basically a bar chart where the bars do not touch.

Question 63

A cumulative frequency distribution is the sum of frequencies across a series of intervals.

Question 64

To summarize relative percent data,a pie chart would be a good choice to display the data.

Question 65

The percentile rank of a score is the percentage of scores with values that fall below a specified score in a distribution.

Question 66

A frequency polygon,but not an ogive can be used to summarize cumulative percent distributions.

Question 67

A frequency polygon is a dot-and-line graph where the dot is the upper class boundary of each interval,and the line connects each dot.

Question 68

In a bar chart,each class or category is represented by a rectangle,and each rectangle is separated (does not touch)along the x-axis.

Question 69

A relative frequency is typically used with smaller,but not larger,data sets.

Question 70

The corresponding percentile of a given percentile point is the percentile rank of that score.

Question 71

Relative frequencies sum to the total frequency count.

Question 72

A percentile rank is a cumulative percentage distribution summed from the bottom up.

Question 73

The sum of the frequencies for a distribution is 100.This means that fewer than 100 persons were counted.

Question 74

Percentages range from 0% to 100% and can never be negative.

Question 75

Bar charts are used to summarize discrete and categorical data.

Question 76

Whether you cumulate a frequency distribution from the bottom up or the top down depends on how you want to discuss the data.

Question 77

A stem-and-leaf display retains the value of each data point.

Question 78

A histogram is used to summarize grouped data.

Question 79

Twelve percent of students scored at or below a failing grade on an exam.A percentile rank distribution would be appropriate to summarize this outcome.

Question 80

Cumulative percent data can be summarized using an ogive.