Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) the humanistic perspective.
C) the social-cognitive perspective.
D) the medical model.

Answer 1

the medical model.

Question 2

Mira claims that alcohol use disorder is a disease that, like pneumonia, can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Her belief is most clearly consistent with

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) psychoanalytic theory.
C) the medical model.
D) the social-cognitive perspective.

Answer 2

the medical model.

Question 3

Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as

A) compulsive.
B) antisocial.
C) maladaptive.
D) catatonic.

Answer 3

maladaptive.

Question 4

Marshall has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Because this disorder is included as a diagnosis in the DSM-5,

A) Marshall's mother will know the real cause of his difficult behavior.
B) Marshall will be eligible for treatment.
C) Marshall will be overmedicated.
D) Marshall's mother will be able to join support groups.

Question 5

To facilitate diagnostic agreement, the DSM-5 typically generates diagnoses by utilizing

A) chemical analyses of blood and urine samples.
B) biopsychosocial factors.
C) detailed diagnostic criteria and codes.
D) all of these factors.

Question 6

The most likely people to be diagnosed with ADHD are

A) children.
B) adolescents.
C) young adults.
D) older adults.

Question 7

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

A) delusions.
B) distractibility.
C) dissociation.
D) catatonia.

Question 8

Many clinicians diagnose disorders by using the detailed "diagnostic criteria and codes" in the

A) OCD.
B) DSM-5.
C) PTSD.
D) DID.

Question 9

The DSM-5 has added some diagnoses that concern many physicians and mental health workers because

A) they disagree with the medical model.
B) of the cost of revising the names of disorders is excessive.
C) they fear it will extend the pathologizing of everyday life.
D) people who have become accustomed to certain categories will be reluctant to learn new ones.

Question 10

Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is

A) personally dysfunctional.
B) socially unacceptable.
C) ethically unjustifiable.
D) unconsciously motivated.

Question 11

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-5 in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

A) cure
B) prevent
C) explain
D) identify

Question 12

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize

A) the distinction between consciously and unconsciously motivated substance abuse.
B) the similarities between substance abuse disorders and personality disorders.
C) the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse.
D) that substance abuse is simply a lifestyle choice and not a psychological disorder.

Question 13

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

A) social circumstances.
B) inner psychological dynamics.
C) genetic predispositions and physiological states.
D) all of these factors.

Question 14

Dr. Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder. The doctor's emphasis best illustrates

A) linkage analysis.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 15

In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures, we are providing evidence for

A) the psychoanalytic perspective.
B) the medical model.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 16

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 17

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) the medical model.
C) the social-cognitive perspective.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 18

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) humanistic perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial approach.

Question 19

Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to

A) genetic influences.
B) a high-sugar diet.
C) low-quality schools.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 20

Personally distressing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are considered to be symptoms of a psychological disorder if they are

A) unusual.
B) dysfunctional.
C) biologically influenced.
D) unconsciously motivated.

Question 21

In which of the following disorders is a person continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic arousal?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 22

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is

A) persistent and distressing.
B) hard to control.
C) genetically influenced.
D) a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

Question 23

Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from

A) a dissociative disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) social anxiety disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 24

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called

A) bipolar disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) a phobia.
D) panic disorder.

Question 25

Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of

A) mania.
B) panic disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 26

In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of

A) the medical model.
B) psychoanalytic theory.
C) linkage analysis.
D) diagnostic labels.

Question 27

Ravi brushes his teeth 18 times a day. Each time, he uses exactly 83 strokes up and 83 strokes down. After he eats, he must brush twice with two different brands of toothpaste. Ravi suffers from

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) a phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 28

Indira, a third-grade teacher, frequently suffers from dizziness, heart palpitations, and fatigue. She is also continually agitated and unable to relax outside the classroom, but she cannot pinpoint a reason for her problems. Her behavior is most indicative of

A) a dissociative disorder.
B) a phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 29

Generalized anxiety disorder is often accompanied by

A) delusions.
B) depression.
C) catatonia.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 30

Panic attacks are most closely associated with

A) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) mood disorders.

Question 31

Phobias are most likely to be characterized by

A) a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy the person.
C) a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

Question 32

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

A) linkage analysis.
B) diagnostic labels.
C) the medical model.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 33

A person who has agoraphobia is most likely to

A) avoid dust and dirt.
B) stay away from fire.
C) avoid household pets.
D) avoid being outside his or her home.

Question 34

Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding

A) mania.
B) insanity.
C) catatonia.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 35

After Charles Darwin began suffering panic disorder, he lived in relative seclusion and traveled only in his wife's company. His panic disorder was apparently accompanied by

A) catatonia.
B) agoraphobia.
C) delusions.
D) mania.

Question 36

An overwhelming fear of entering a crowded bus or elevator would be most characteristic of someone who suffers from

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) agoraphobia.
D) major depressive disorder.

Question 37

Jeremy experiences so much anxiety about taking the elevator that he climbs 10 flights of stairs to get to his office each workday. Jeremy appears to suffer from

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 38

After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder, she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity. This best illustrates the

A) value of the psychoanalytic perspective.
B) shortcomings of the medical model.
C) unreliability of the DSM-5.
D) biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Question 39

If individuals expect someone identified as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of

A) the medical model.
B) linkage analysis.
C) self-fulfilling labels.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 40

Dana has experienced a number of unpredictable short periods in which she suddenly feels terrified and thinks she is going to faint. Dana is most likely to be suffering from

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) panic disorder.

Question 41

Rats come to fear locations paired with electric shock. This best illustrates

A) linkage analysis.
B) posttraumatic growth.
C) catatonia.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 42

A learning theory would emphasize that ________ leads those with an obsessive-compulsive disorder to frequently repeat their compulsive behaviors.

A) dissociation
B) a repressed memory
C) reinforcement
D) flat affect

Question 43

Some genes influence anxiety disorders by regulating levels of neurotransmitters such as ________, which influences activity in the brain's alarm center.

A) epinephrine
B) dopamine
C) myelin
D) glutamate

Question 44

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to ________.

A) depression; mania
B) compulsion; obsession
C) hallucination; delusion
D) paranoia; catatonia

Question 45

The capacity to recover from traumatic and stressful experiences best illustrates survivor

A) tolerance.
B) resiliency.
C) obsession.
D) dissociation.

Question 46

After watching her sister's fearful response to the sight of a spider, Kerri became intensely fearful of spiders. This best illustrates that a specific phobia can be learned through

A) reinforcement.
B) classical conditioning.
C) linkage analysis.
D) observational learning.

Question 47

According to Professor Kang, fear responses pave neural pathways that are more readily activated by later anxiety-producing experiences. The professor's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) biological
C) social-cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 48

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a(n)

A) delusion.
B) hallucination.
C) obsession.
D) compulsion.

Question 49

A therapist suggests that Mr. Ozawa's fear of darkness can probably be traced back to his early childhood when he was occasionally beaten and locked up in a small, dark closet by an older brother. The therapist's suggestion most clearly highlights the impact of

A) conditioning.
B) repressed impulses.
C) catatonia.
D) a pessimistic explanatory style.

Question 50

Those who emphasize the ways in which people learn disordered behavior have suggested that compulsive behaviors are

A) habitual defenses against unconscious impulses.
B) reinforced by anxiety reduction.
C) classically conditioned habits.
D) unconditioned responses to stress.

Question 51

As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on fear.

A) linkage analysis
B) observational learning
C) classical conditioning
D) dissociation

Question 52

A therapist claims that Luke's irrational fear of snakes results from repressed childhood feelings of hostility toward his own father. The therapist's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective.

A) social-cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) humanistic

Question 53

A rape victim may experience a panic attack when she sees anyone wearing a coat that resembles the one worn by her attacker. This reaction best illustrates the process of

A) observational learning.
B) reinforcement.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) linkage analysis.

Question 54

Although the DSM-5 classifies posttraumatic stress disorder separately from disorders such as panic disorder, this disorder does involve

A) dissociation.
B) mood disturbances.
C) personality problems.
D) anxiety.

Question 55

The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrates symptoms of

A) DID.
B) ADHD.
C) OCD.
D) PTSD .

Question 56

Compulsions are best described as

A) persistent fears.
B) repetitive behaviors.
C) suicidal thoughts.
D) false beliefs.

Question 57

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly highlights the influence of.

A) genetic predispositions.
B) explanatory style.
C) dissociation.
D) reinforcement.

Question 58

Research on anxiety disorders indicates that

A) some people are more genetically predisposed than others to develop anxiety disorders.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorders are more common than phobias.
C) people, but not animals, may acquire fear through observational learning.
D) phobic reactions to cats are much more common than to dogs.

Question 59

Repeated distressing dreams and intrusive memories of an intensely fearful and life-threatening experience are symptoms most commonly associated with

A) panic disorder.
B) agoraphobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 60

After lab-reared monkeys saw their parents fearfully avoid reaching for food located near a snake, the younger monkeys developed a strong fear of snakes. The younger monkeys' fear of snakes resulted from

A) classical conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) learned helplessness.
D) linkage analysis.

Question 61

Jeremy has responded to the stress of his parents' divorce with excessive alcohol consumption and habitual smoking. These behaviors are most likely to place Jeremy at a heightened level of risk for

A) paranoid schizophrenia.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 62

The number-one reason people seek mental health services is

A) agoraphobia.
B) schizophrenia.
C) depression.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 63

Mania is most likely to be experienced by those suffering

A) a panic attack.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a dissociative disorder.

Question 64

Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by

A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
B) the simultaneous experience of delusions of persecution and delusions of grandeur.
C) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently intrude into conscious awareness.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

Question 65

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called

A) obsessive-compulsive disorders.
B) personality disorders.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) mood disorders.

Question 66

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

A) amygdala.
B) thalamus.
C) hypothalamus.
D) anterior cingulate cortex.

Question 67

Mania is most likely to be characterized by feelings of

A) guilt.
B) fear.
C) elation.
D) indifference.

Question 68

Compared with those whose occupations require precision and logic, those whose occupations rely on emotional expression and vivid imagery are more likely to experience

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) PTSD.

Question 69

Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episodes appears and the ________ the number of previous episodes.

A) earlier; fewer
B) earlier; greater
C) later; fewer
D) later; greater

Question 70

Norby, an 18-year-old first-year university student, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Norby is most likely suffering from

A) major depressive disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 71

After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 72

It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

A) social-cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) humanistic

Question 73

Compared with men, women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) a bipolar disorder.
C) alcohol use disorder.
D) depression.

Question 74

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them, few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes. This fact is best explained in terms of

A) dissociation.
B) linkage analysis.
C) genetic predispositions.
D) a negative explanatory style.

Question 75

Which of the following disorders typically occurs in periodic episodes that eventually terminate by themselves even without professional help?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) major depressive disorder
D) antisocial personality disorder

Question 76

Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder?

A) catatonia
B) bipolar disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) agoraphobia

Question 77

Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with

A) mania.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) panic disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 78

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least

A) one week.
B) two weeks.
C) two months.
D) four months.

Question 79

Stressful life events like the loss of a job are most likely to increase one's risk of

A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) social anxiety disorder.

Question 80

A seasonal pattern of symptoms is most likely to be a characteristic of

A) catatonia
B) agoraphobia
C) bipolar disoder
D) a fugue state