Deck 14: Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining

Question 1

Union membership in the United States reached its pinnacle of approximately 36 percent of the workforce in the early 1970s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Greater job security is one reason an employee may wish to join a union.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Under the terms of a union contract, wildcat strikes are legal and a legitimate way to enforce management compliance with a labor agreement.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 was passed to address the public outcry over the misuse of union funds and corruption in the labor movement.

Question 5

When labor union contract negotiations breakdown; the outcome is an impasse.

Question 6

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
A union security arrangement whereby employees must pay union dues to the certified bargaining unit even if they choose not to join the union.

Question 7

Of the U.S. workforce, government is the most unionized sector.

Question 8

If a union drive is going on in an organization, one thing management should routinely do is to secretly observe and note who is distributing pro-union literature.

Question 9

The Taft-Hartley Act is also referred to as the National Labor Relations Act.

Question 10

The most desirable form of union security from a union perspective is the open shop.

Question 11

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
A complaint-resolving process contained in union contracts.

Question 12

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Labor contract provisions designed to attract and retain dues-paying members.

Question 13

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
A card signed by prospective union members indicating that they are interested in having a union election held at their worksite.

Question 14

The unionization rate in Sweden is 68%.

Question 15

A union victory is assured when a sizeable proportions of workers sign authorization cards.

Question 16

When an employer withholds union dues from a union member's pay check, this is a part of the maintenance of membership for the union member.

Question 17

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Employer withholding of union dues from union members' paychecks.

Question 18

It is considered an unfair labor practice for an employer to refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives chosen by the employees.

Question 19

Fortunately, union shops are legal in right-to-work states.

Question 20

Interestingly, transportation is the least unionized private sector of the U.S. workforce.

Question 21

________ require parties in public-sector labor relations to make public their negotiations.

Question 22

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
A situation in labor-management negotiations whereby management prevents union members from returning to work.

Question 23

The _________ amended the Wagner Act by addressing employers' concerns in terms of specifying unfair union labor practices.

Question 24

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
The technique whereby a neutral third party conducts a hearing to gather evidence and testimony from the parties regarding the differences between them.

Question 25

________ is a card signed by prospective union members indicating that they are interested in having a union election held at their work site.

Question 26

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Employees are free to choose whether or not to join the union, and those who do not are required to pay union dues.

Question 27

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Established to administer and interpret the Wagner Act. It has the primary responsibility for conducting union representation elections.

Question 28

________ is the election process whereby union members vote out a union as their representative.

Question 29

The second strongest union security arrangement that gives workers the option of joining the union or not is a (an) _______.

Question 30

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Provided the impetus to widespread collective bargaining.

Question 31

The _________ is a law passed to eliminate any influence on unions by members of organized crime.

Question 32

The __________ Act was introduced to protect union members from possible wrongdoing on the part of their unions.

Question 33

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
This act gave employees the right to form and join unions and to engage in collective bargaining.

Question 34

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Prohibit union membership as a condition of employment.

Question 35

A ________ is a situation in labor-management negotiations whereby management prevents union members from returning to work.

Question 36

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
An unauthorized and illegal strike that occurs during the terms of an existing contract.

Question 37

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
Requires an individual who chooses to join a union to remain in the union for the duration of the existing contract.

Question 38

The _________ replaced the Executive Order 11491 as the basic law governing labor relations for federal employees.

Question 39

A _________ is an organization of workers, acting collectively, seeking to promote and protect its mutual interests through collective bargaining.

Question 40

MATCHING KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
a) Fact-finding
b) Wagner Act
c) Dues checkoff
d) Lockout
e) Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS)
f) Open shop
g) Maintenance of membership
h) Union security arrangements
i) Railway Labor Act
j) Wildcat strike
k) National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
l) Agency shop
m) Right to work laws
n) Grievance procedure
o) Authorization card
A government agency that assists labor and management in setting disputes.

Question 41

What proportion of signed authorization cards must the union secure to have a union election at a work site?

A) At least 20%
B) At least 30%
C) At least 40%
D) At least 50%
E) At least 60%

Question 42

Which of the following is the strongest of the union security arrangements?

A) Open shop
B) Closed shop
C) Agency shop
D) Union shop
E) None of the above

Question 43

Morgan, a charge nurse, voted in a union election in her former job. Now, in a different organization, she has been told that she is ineligible to vote. Why can't she vote?

A) NLRB has ruled that health care workers can no longer be unionized.
B) Part time workers are not eligible to vote.
C) Management considers her a supervisor - she makes independent decisions in guiding the actions of other nurses.
D) Employees may only vote in one union election.
E) The union says that charge nurses should not be part of the bargaining unit.

Question 44

Which of the following is the weakest of the union security arrangements?

A) Open shop
B) Closed shop
C) Agency shop
D) Union shop
E) None of the above

Question 45

Which of the following sectors has the LOWEST union membership?

A) Agriculture
B) Mining
C) Manufacturing
D) Transportation
E) Construction

Question 46

The National Labor Relations Board was established by the

A) Taft-Hartley Act.
B) Landrum-Griffin Act.
C) Wagner Act.
D) Norris-LaGuardia Act.
E) Railway Labor Act.

Question 47

Why are security arrangements important to unions?

A) Terrorist threats are increasing.
B) Funds have been mismanaged in the past.
C) Health care premiums are better controlled.
D) Corporate espionage is increasing.
E) Union membership rates influence union power.

Question 48

The National Labor Relations Act is commonly referred to as the

A) Taft-Hartley Act.
B) Landrum-Griffin Act.
C) Wagner Act.
D) Norris-LaGuardia Act.
E) Railway Labor Act.

Question 49

Jacob is a manager in a large manufacturing firm that has signed enough authorization cards to have a representation certification. Which of the following activities is legal for him to do to resist unionization during this organizing drive?

A) Stop outside union organizers from distributing information in the workplace.
B) Stand in the employee cafeteria to see who distributed union information to other employees.
C) Cancel any trips or recognition for workers who are pro union.
D) Question employees about their involvement in union activities.
E) Promise better working conditions if the union vote is defeated.

Question 50

In labor negotiations, management in a very small company is usually represented by

A) the president.
B) a vice-president of industrial relations.
C) corporate lawyers.
D) a specialist in wages and benefits.
E) an economic specialist.

Question 51

Which legislation prohibits negotiations over union security arrangements for government employees?

A) Civil Service Reform Act
B) Landrum-Griffin Act
C) Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
D) Executive Order 10988
E) Executive Order 11491

Question 52

______ sector has the HIGHEST union membership.

A) Wholesale Trade
B) Construction
C) Mining
D) Agriculture
E) Government

Question 53

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service was created under the

A) Taft-Hartley Act.
B) Landrum-Griffin Act.
C) Wagner Act.
D) Norris-LaGuardia Act.
E) Railway Labor Act.

Question 54

Which of these legislations was passed after public outcry over misuse of union funds?

A) Taft-Hartley Act
B) Landrum-Griffin Act
C) Wagner Act
D) Norris-LaGuardia Act
E) Railway Labor Act

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a reason why employees join unions?

A) Higher wages and benefits
B) Greater job security
C) Greater individual incentives
D) Influence over work rules
E) Compulsory membership

Question 56

The legislation that passed the dispute settlement procedure that allows congressional and presidential intercession in the event of an impasse in transportation industry negotiations is the

A) Taft-Hartley Act.
B) Landrum-Griffin Act.
C) Wagner Act.
D) Railway Labor Act.
E) Stevedores and Teamsters Alliance.

Question 57

Myles, a typesetter, tried to organize a union in his nonunion printing shop. A year and a half ago a vote rejected unionization. Now he has secured authorization cards signed by 100 of the 200 workers. What else does he need to do before having another union election?

A) Get additional signatures. At least 75% of employees must sign authorization cards before an election will be held.
B) Get signatures on the right form. Representation certification preference, not authorization, is the form required by the NLRB before elections.
C) Petition NLRB for an election.
D) Wait. NLRB will hold an election only once every other year.
E) Apply to the national printing union for recognition.

Question 58

Which piece of legislation permitted for the first time federal government employees the right to join unions?

A) Railway Labor Act of 1926
B) Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959
C) Executive Order 10988 in 1962
D) Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
E) Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a stage of contract administration?

A) Disseminating the agreements to all union members and managers
B) Ratifying the contract
C) Implementing the contract
D) Interpreting the contract and grievance resolution
E) Monitoring activities during the contract period.

Question 60

How are financial institutions involved in the collective bargaining process?

A) Most loan officers are unionized.
B) Most collective bargaining consultants are employed by financial institutions.
C) Banks effectively place ceilings on what management can spend on labor contracts due to their ability to call in loans to a company if the specified contract amount is exceeded.
D) If the quality of the manufacturing organization is eroded, the bank will call in the loans.
E) Corrupt unions can exert influence on financial institutions.

Question 61

Mason is part of the union negotiating team. He is gathering information about accident records, employee performance reports, absenteeism and transfers. What step of collective bargaining is he performing?

A) Report reading
B) Preparing to negotiate
C) Contract administration
D) Demand matching
E) Negotiating

Question 62

Workers in an automotive plant are threatening to strike. Management has given executives huge pay raises. The current contract expires in eight months, but work has already begun on the new contract. Management wants to give smaller raises to the union than has been given in contracts for the past 20 years. Lambert has been hired to make sure that negotiations don't break down, that management and labor keep talking to each other. What is Lambert doing?

A) Conciliation
B) Grievance arbitration
C) Fact-finding
D) Interest arbitration
E) Mediation

Question 63

ONYX, a manufacturing firm wants to open a facility in a right-to-work state. Currently, the union is an agency shop to eliminate free riders. Olivia, the HR union expert, offers which of the following advice to ONYX?

A) The agency security arrangement will be appropriate for the new facility.
B) The agency security arrangement is illegal in the right-to-work state. Move to a union shop arrangement.
C) The agency security arrangement is illegal in the right-to-work state. The only open is the open shop.
D) With more support for unions, move to a union shop.
E) Checked shops are the only legal union arrangements in the right-to-work states.

Question 64

A major tire manufacturer nearly did not reach agreement with one of its major unions last time over health care coverage and retirement provisions. The contract has 10 months to go before expiration, but both sides are hard at work on the new contract. The Detroit Free Press had a lead article that health care would be further reduced under the new agreement. At noon, after the workers had read and discussed the matter, they walked off the job to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with the proposed management action. What kind of technique is being used?

A) Lockout
B) Wildcat strike
C) Fact-finding to settle the dispute
D) Economic strike
E) Mediation

Question 65

Leandro works in a union shop, but he has refused to join the union. He pays the union a sum of money equal to union fees and dues as a condition of continuing employment. These monies are used exclusively for collective bargaining purposes. Leandro is working in a(n)

A) closed shop.
B) union shop.
C) agency shop.
D) open shop.
E) checked shop.

Question 66

Which of the following countries has the lowest unionization rate?

A) Belgium
B) Canada
C) France
D) United States
E) Sweden

Question 67

Howie is a new supervisor in the can manufacturing area. In the last two months, seventeen grievances have been filed against him. Although he listened to the employees, investigated the complaints, and provided a response to the employees, he judged the grievances to have no merit and to require no action on his part. Howie has kept complete documentation of these actions. Several of the grievances have already been heard several levels up. You, the labor relations specialist, might offer Howie which of these suggestions?

A) Would you suspend the next employee that grieves?
B) Are you treating your employees fairly and with respect?
C) Are you ready for a visit from the regional arbitrator of the NLRB?
D) What were your attitudes toward union workers when you were a child?
E) Have any of your workers threatened you?

Question 68

Which of the following was the most influential labor relations law in the United States?

A) Railway Labor Act
B) Landrum-Griffin Act
C) Civil Service Reform Act
D) Wagner Act
E) Executive Order 10988

Question 69

Which of the following has the highest unionization rate?

A) Belgium
B) Canada
C) Germany
D) United States
E) China

Question 70

When did union membership reach its pinnacle in the United States?

A) Early 1930s
B) Early 1940s
C) Late 1950s
D) Early 1970s
E) Late 1970s

Question 71

Jordan joined the union when he was hired, but has decided the benefits are not worth the dues. He can drop his union membership and keep his job, but he has to wait until the next contract negotiation period. Jordan works in a(n)

A) closed shop.
B) union shop.
C) agency shop.
D) open shop.
E) checked shop.

Question 72

Peyton has just been hired to administer a union contract. She will be involved all of these activities EXCEPT:

A) providing information to all union members and management personnel.
B) implementing the contract.
C) interpreting the contract and grievance resolution.
D) monitoring activities.
E) negotiating the pay rates.

Question 73

A teachers' union has been trying to negotiate a new contract with school officials for thirty days. The old contract expires in two months, the day before school starts for the year. To resolve the contract negotiation disputes, a panel has been formed to decide on how to settle the contract dispute. The three-member panel consists of a teacher, a school superintendent, and a local businessman. They are listening to testimony from both sides before rendering their decision. What kind of impasse resolution technique is being used?

A) Lockout
B) Conciliation
C) Fact-finding
D) Interest arbitration
E) Mediation

Question 74

Cahir works in HR for a union shop. He is adjusting the pay system to the new rates that have just been set as part of the union negotiating team. What step of collective bargaining is Cahir performing?

A) Data collection.
B) Preparing to negotiate.
C) Contract administration.
D) Demand matching.
E) Negotiating.

Question 75

An ironworkers union has been trying to negotiate a new contract with the contractor for months. The contract expired last night at midnight. All the workers showed up, on time, this morning, then walked off the site. What kind of technique is being used?

A) Lockout
B) Wildcat strike
C) Fact-finding to settle the dispute
D) Economic strike
E) Mediation

Question 76

What is currently the overall unionization rate in the United States?

A) 7%
B) 11%
C) 17%
D) 25%
E) 37%

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT an impasse-resolution technique?

A) Conciliation
B) Mediation
C) Lockout
D) Fact-finding
E) Interest arbitration

Question 78

Union negotiations begin with the delivery of "demands" by the union. What goes on behind closed doors during the real negotiations?

A) Each side tries to assess the relative priorities of the other's demands.
B) An oral agreement is converted to a written document.
C) Each side tries to combine proposals into viable packages.
D) Both parties compromise.
E) Bargainers seek to harmonize the lowest management offer with the highest union demand.

Question 79

Rhonda is a supervisor in the plastics manufacturing area. When a grievance is filed against her, what should she do first?
A) Resist a strike.

A) Talk to the grievance committee.
B) Check the authorization cards.
B) Try to reach a settlement with the employee and the union steward.
C) Forward the complaint to her supervisor.

Question 80

A teachers' union has been trying to negotiate a new contract with school officials for 30 days. The old contract expires in two months, the day before school starts for the year. To resolve the contract negotiation disputes, a third party has been hired to pull together the common ground that exists and to make recommendations in the settlement that would overcome barriers that exist between the two sides. What kind of impasse resolution technique is being used?

A) Lockout
B) Conciliation
C) Mediation
D) Interest arbitration
E) Fact-finding