Deck 9: Understanding Landscapes

Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?

A)Naturally occurring
B)Organic
C)Solid
D)Ordered internal structure
E)Relatively consistent chemical composition

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A sulfide mineral that commonly forms cube-shaped crystals is

A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The difference between a rock and a mineral is that

A)rocks are inorganic but minerals are organic.
B)rocks can be of a wider variety of origins than minerals.
C)rocks are composed of minerals.
D)rocks are cycled over geologic time but minerals are not.
E)rocks are harder than minerals.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following locations would contain a wide variety of sediment,from large angular blocks to fine rock powder,produced from grinding of the rocks?

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

Question 5

Which of the following is not a mineral?

A)Liquid water
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Piece of wood
E)All of these are correct.

Question 6

A typically green mineral with no cleavage is

A)muscovite.
B)plagioclase feldspar.
C)biotite.
D)quartz.
E)olivine.

Question 7

The very common mineral shown in this photograph is commonly a pink- to cream-colored mineral with wavy,light-colored lines.What mineral is it?

A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar

Question 8

A generally a light-colored silicate mineral is

A)quartz.
B)pyroxene.
C)amphibole.
D)biotite.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following locations would contain sand,rounded stones,and broken shells?

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

Question 10

Which of the following locations would contain large,angular rocks that broke away from bedrock and moved downhill?

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

Question 11

Which of the following is not composed of calcium carbonate?

A)Calcite
B)Pyrite
C)Marble
D)Shells
E)Limestone

Question 12

A mineral that is light colored,transparent,and fractures rather than cleaves is

A)garnet.
B)quartz.
C)biotite.
D)muscovite.
E)feldspar.

Question 13

The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored,transparent,and fractures rather than cleaves.What mineral is it?

A)Garnet
B)Quartz
C)Biotite
D)Muscovite
E)Feldspar

Question 14

A commonly pinkish mineral with light-colored wavy lines is

A)quartz.
B)potassium feldspar.
C)pyroxene.
D)amphibole.
E)olivine.

Question 15

The very common carbonate mineral shown here that is a clear to light-gray color is

A)calcite.
B)dolomite.
C)hematite.
D)magnetite.
E)pyrite.

Question 16

Which of the following locations would most likely contain large,angular rocks?

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Locations 1 and 2
E)Locations 2 and 3

Question 17

Which of the following locations would contain mud and the remains of small creatures?

A)Location 1,along the margins of a glacier
B)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
C)Location 3,in sand dunes
D)Location 4,along a beach
E)Location 5,on relatively deep seafloor

Question 18

The mineral shown in this photograph is

A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.

Question 19

The main type of rocks in the Peninsular Ranges of Southern California and Mexico is

A)volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano.
B)granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth.
C)flat-lying sedimentary rocks.
D)unconsolidated sand and gravel.

Question 20

Which of the following is a mineral?

A)Ice
B)Crystals grown in a laboratory
C)Volcanic glass
D)Material with crystals of different chemical compounds
E)None of these are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following locations would most likely contain a high percentage of sand?

A)Location 2,along a steep mountain front
B)Location 3,in sand dunes
C)Location 4,along a beach
D)Locations 2 and 3
E)Locations 3 and 4

Question 22

Uplift can occur during the rock cycle

A)only after deformation and metamorphism.
B)only after melting and solidification.
C)only after metamorphism or solidification.
D)at any point after burial.

Question 23

Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

A)Steep mountain front
B)River channel
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach
E)Lake

Question 24

Which of the following locations would form a metamorphic rock?

A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6

Question 25

Which of the following is not a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms?

A)Solidification of lava
B)Heating adjacent to underground magma
C)Squeezing by tectonic forces
D)Burial to great depths

Question 26

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks?

A)Sedimentary
B)Igneous
C)Metamorphic
D)Meteorites

Question 28

Which of the following is not an environment in which an igneous rock forms?

A)Explosive eruption of volcanic ash
B)Cooling and solidification of lava
C)Solidification of magma at depth
D)Intense squeezing from tectonic forces
E)All of these are environments that form igneous rock.

Question 29

Which of the following locations would form a hydrothermal rock?

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 2 and 3

Question 30

Which of the following locations would form an igneous rock?

A)Locations 1 and 2
B)Locations 2 and 3
C)Locations 3 and 4
D)Locations 1,2,and 3
E)Locations 5 and 6

Question 31

The type of rock that the materials shown in this photograph would produce is

A)sedimentary.
B)igneous.
C)metamorphic.
D)hydrothermal.

Question 32

Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

A)Steep mountain front
B)Glacier
C)Sand dunes
D)Beach

Question 33

Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is deposited but not eroded?

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

Question 34

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 35

Which of the following locations would have weathering of bedrock or loose sediment?

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4
E)Locations 1 and 2

Question 36

Which of the following does not list processes in an order consistent with a logical progression through the rock cycle?

A)Weathering,erosion,deposition
B)Solidification,melting,burial
C)Erosion,deposition,burial
D)Uplift,weathering,erosion
E)Burial,metamorphism,melting

Question 37

Which of the following settings would result in the formation of igneous rocks?

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

Question 38

Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is transported?

A)Location 1
B)Location 2
C)Location 3
D)Location 4

Question 39

Which of the following is not a typical environment in which a sedimentary rock forms?

A)Beside glaciers
B)River channels
C)Heating next to a magma
D)Deep seafloor
E)Shoreline of a lake

Question 40

According to the rock cycle,sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after

A)uplift and weathering.
B)melting and solidification.
C)deposition and burial.
D)solidification and uplift.

Question 41

What does this welded texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 42

Which of the following is not involved in turning some sediment into sedimentary rock?

A)Burial
B)Compaction
C)Cementation
D)Metamorphism
E)All of these are involved.

Question 43

The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that has a welded texture is

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 44

The main difference between conglomerate and breccia is

A)the size of the clasts.
B)the shape of the clasts.
C)the sorting of the clasts.
D)the kind of cement.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

Which of the following rocks is composed of the smallest sedimentary clasts?

A)Breccia
B)Conglomerate
C)Shale
D)Sandstone

Question 46

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

Question 47

A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 48

The natural sediments that hold clasts together precipitate in the empty pore spaces after compaction.Those precipitates come from

A)water containing dissolved materials.
B)outward growth of the original clasts.
C)the alignment of clay particles.

Question 49

What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 50

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

Question 51

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)Vesicles
B)Breccia
C)Porphyritic
D)Glassy
E)None of these are correct.

Question 52

The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that is glassy with no volcanic ash is

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 53

The site on the figure below that would most likely form a rock with large crystals is

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 54

The site on the accompanying figure that would most likely form a rock that has a nonwelded texture with many fine particles is

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a common type of cement in sedimentary rocks?

A)Calcite
B)Pyroxene
C)Silica
D)Iron-oxide minerals

Question 56

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 57

The rock shown here,with sediment just visible to the naked eye,is a

A)sandstone.
B)shale.
C)conglomerate.

Question 58

What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is not true about clastic sedimentary rocks?

A)Clasts in a conglomerate or breccias can be different rock types or can be all the same rock type.
B)To be called a sandstone,quartz must make up more than 95 percent of the grains.
C)The amount of pore space decreases as a sand is compacted into sandstone.
D)The natural cement that holds sedimentary rocks together is composed of dissolved minerals that precipitate.

Question 60

The site on the figure below that would mostly likely form a rock that is fine grained (has small crystals but is not glassy)is

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 61

Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 62

What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting?

A)Regional metamorphism
B)Contact metamorphism
C)Subduction
D)Normal faulting

Question 63

A welded igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 64

Which of the following is a common metamorphic process?

A)Deforming objects into new shapes
B)Rotation of minerals into a common orientation
C)Remobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands
D)Dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away
E)All of these are correct.

Question 65

A vesicular igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 66

A volcanic breccia texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 67

Which of the following matches a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?

A)Sandstone - phyllite
B)Basalt - marble
C)Limestone - quartzite
D)Shale - slate
E)None of these are correct.

Question 68

Which of the following igneous rocks can be composed of fragments?

A)Tuff
B)Scoria
C)Volcanic breccia
D)All of these are correct.

Question 69

Which of the following photographs depicts an igneous rock where the magma cooled slowly at first and then had fast cooling?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 70

Which of the following rock photographs depicts a felsic igneous rock?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 71

Deep Check
In metamorphism,after a rock is heated,

A)it will be deformed.
B)it may or may not be deformed.
C)it will develop a new texture.
D)it may or may not develop a new texture.
E)it will be deformed and it may or may not develop a new texture.

Question 72

Which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed?

A)Shale
B)Sandstone
C)Limestone
D)All of these can be metamorphosed.

Question 73

Which of the following rock types requires dissolved gas in the magma?

A)Granite
B)Pumice
C)Gabbro
D)Diorite
E)Andesite

Question 74

The type of metamorphism that would occur in this setting is

A)regional metamorphism.
B)contact metamorphism.
C)subduction.
D)thrust faulting.

Question 75

Which of the following does not match a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?

A)Sandstone - quartzite
B)Limestone - marble
C)Shale - schist
D)Shale - gneiss
E)All of these are correct matches.

Question 76

The type of feature shown in this photograph is

A)fault scarp.
B)columnar joints.
C)shear zone.
D)folded metamorphic rocks.

Question 77

Which of the following is a typical way in which shale is expressed in the landscape?

A)Soft slopes covered by small,loose chips
B)Slopes covered by loose debris from overlying rocks
C)Valleys and other low areas carved into the landscape
D)Badlands
E)All of these are correct.

Question 78

Which of the following rock photographs depicts an igneous rock that trapped gas?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 79

Because shales are easily eroded,the areas where they are exposed typically

A)have soft slopes and soil cover.
B)are covered in angular boulders and cobbles.
C)form steep cliffs.

Question 80

A porphyritic igneous texture indicates that

A)there was water in the magma.
B)the rock cooled slowly and then quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.