Deck 7: Climates Around the World

Question 1

Given that climate correlates closely with vegetation, what letter approximates the type of vegetation you would see for an Am climate?

A)A
B)B
C)C

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What line or region best corresponds with the location of "D" climates?

A)continental interiors, northern hemisphere
B)high latitudes, southern hemisphere
C)equator, high elevations
D)coastal locations, southern hemisphere

Answer 2

A

Question 3

"B" type climates generally occur

A)along the equator.
B)beneath sinking air.
C)along the Gulf Stream.
D)near the poles.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In classifying the climate of this imaginary country, the hottest and driest areas are in the

A)northeast.
B)southeast.
C)southwest.
D)northwest.

Question 5

Which climate designation would you assign to a location that is wet in winter but dry in summer; long, hot summer and short, intermittent cold season?

A)Cfa
B)Cfb
C)Csa
D)Csb

Question 6

Where there are abrupt changes in elevation, climate patterns

A)change over short distances, especially over water.
B)remain uniform, especially over land.
C)change over short distances especially over land.

Question 7

What line or region best corresponds with the location of "C" climates?

A)continental interiors, northern hemisphere
B)high latitudes
C)equator, high elevations
D)coastal locations, midlatitudes

Question 8

Köppen's intent in developing his climatic classification system was to correlate temperature and precipitation with

A)slope direction.
B)geology.
C)vegetation.
D)soils.

Question 9

Using the Köppen classification system, a climate classified as a BW (Bw)would have

A)harsh Midlatitude Climate, wet winter.
B)harsh Midlatitude Climate, wet summer.
C)arid, dry summer.
D)arid, dry winter.

Question 10

The ITC would be best developed for Foraleza, Brazil in

A)January.
B)March.
C)September.
D)November.

Question 11

Using the Köppen classification system, what classification would you assign to a region that is wet year round and has monthly mean temperatures that never dip below 18 $\degree$ C?

A)Am
B)Aw
C)Af
D)As

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the location of "B" climates?

A)continental interiors, west coasts of continents
B)continental interiors, east coasts of continents
C)coastal locations, high elevations
D)equator, high elevations

Question 13

Observe where the sun is overhead for most of the year in the Tropics.Temperatures are most constant along

A)Arctic Circle.
B)Tropic of Cancer.
C)Equator.
D)Tropic of Capricorn.
E)Antarctic Circle.

Question 14

The ITC would be best developed for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in

A)January.
B)March.
C)September.
D)November.

Question 15

What line or region best corresponds with the location of "A" climates?

A)continental interiors
B)high latitudes
C)equator
D)west coasts of continents

Question 16

What line or region best corresponds with the location of "E" climates?

A)continental interiors, northern hemisphere
B)high latitudes
C)equator, low elevations
D)coastal locations, midlatitudes

Question 17

Cooler water and stable atmospheric conditions bring dry "B" climate conditions to the

A)west coasts of southern hemisphere continents.
B)east coasts of southern hemisphere continents.
C)east coasts of northern hemisphere continents.
D)west coast of the Eurasian continent.

Question 18

Given that climate correlates closely with vegetation, what letter approximates the type of vegetation you would see for an Aw climate?

A)A
B)B
C)C

Question 19

In classifying the climate of this imaginary country, the wettest and coolest areas are in the

A)northeast.
B)southeast.
C)southwest.

Question 20

Which climate designation would you assign to a location that is wet year round, with a long hot summer, and a short intermittent cold season?

A)Cfa
B)Cfb
C)Csa
D)Csb

Question 21

The seasonality of temperature for Dfa and Dfb climates can best be explained by location

A)proximity to water bodies and increasing variation in solar insolation.
B)proximity to water bodies and decreasing variation in solar insolation.
C)away from water bodies and increasing variation in solar insolation.
D)away from water bodies and decreasing variation in solar insolation.

Question 22

Arid climates are

A)located where precipitation exceeds evaporation for several months.
B)are found on the east coasts of most continents.
C)confined to Sahara, Arabian Peninsula, and American Southwest.
D)not all hot and can have freezing temperatures, even during the day.

Question 23

Imagine you fly a direct route from northern Greenland to the southern part of Hudson Bay.The correct sequence of climate types you would pass would be

A)Dfc, ET, E
B)Dfc, E, ET.
C)ET, E, Dfc.
D)E, ET, Dfc.

Question 24

A major contributing factor to the lack of precipitation for the Namib and Atacama deserts are

A)rain shadow.
B)distance to the sun.
C)cold ocean currents.
D)distance to ocean.

Question 25

The Cwa climate of Lucknow, India owes its precipitation pattern to

A)the dry eastern side of the subtropical high.
B)the moist western side of the subtropical high.
C)seasonal shifts in wind direction.
D)typhoons that bring high amounts of rain.

Question 26

Temperatures become more variable and precipitation decreases as one travels from west to east from Europe into Asia.This is best explained by

A)prevailing westerlies and the orientation of mountain chains.
B)the moist eastern side of the subtropical high.
C)the moist western side of the subtropical high.
D)monsoonal winds bringing relatively warm moist winds in the winter.

Question 27

The Csa climate of Athens Greece owes its summer precipitation pattern to

A)the dry eastern side of the subtropical high.
B)the moist western side of the subtropical high.
C)seasonal shifts in wind direction.
D)hurricanes that bring high amounts of rain.

Question 28

Good examples of Marine West Coast Climates would be

A)upper Midwest of the U.S.
B)western coast of Canada.
C)western coast of Africa.
D)western coast of South America.

Question 29

Which of the following explains for the very cold temperatures of Subarctic and Polar climates?

A)low albedos in most locations
B)rising air from the polar high
C)consistent day length throughout the year
D)low sun angles throughout the year

Question 30

The moderate temperatures of C climates are due to

A)location near continental interiors increases temperatures.
B)year round clear conditions associated with the monsoon.
C)proximity to the equator allows for ample absorption of insolation.
D)intermediate location between tropical and polar climates.

Question 31

A major difference between Tundra (ET)and Subarctic (Dfc, Dwc)climates is that the Subarctic climate is

A)centered around both poles.
B)warm enough to support trees.
C)heavily influenced by tropical cyclones.
D)receives most of its precipitation in the winter.

Question 32

Which factor best explains for the difference in March sea ice between March in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere?

A)low sun angle throughout the year
B)high albedo for all surfaces
C)seasonal variation in daylength
D)continentality for all surfaces

Question 33

Migrating subtropical pressure zones generally produce dry summer conditions on the west side of continents because of

A)rising air and cold ocean currents.
B)rising air and warm ocean currents.
C)sinking air and cold ocean currents.
D)sinking air and warm ocean currents.

Question 34

Mid-latitude climate generally

A)occur in the northern hemisphere, have relatively even distribution of precipitation, and have westerly wind patterns.
B)occur in the northern hemisphere, have precipitation concentrated in the winter, and have monsoonal wind patterns.
C)occur in the southern hemisphere, have relatively even distribution of precipitation, and have monsoonal wind patterns.
D)occur in both hemispheres, have relatively even distribution of precipitation, and variable wind patterns.

Question 35

Summer temperatures are high in arid climates because

A)high sun angle and low relative humidity.
B)high sun angle and high relative humidity.
C)evening cloud cover prevents the loss of heat.
D)most desert locations are closer to the sun in the summer.

Question 36

Which of the following would NOT be an explanation for the amount of precipitation in Subarctic and Polar climates?

A)easy proximity to unfrozen seas
B)cold air's low water vapor capacity
C)dominance by a high pressure pattern
D)isolation from frontal precipitation patterns

Question 37

The Humid Subtropical climates (Cfa)

A)have a pronounced dry season dry season during the summer.
B)have a pronounced dry season dry season during the winter.
C)are wet year round and are generally located on the east side of continents.
D)are wet year round and are generally located on the west side of continents.

Question 38

Though Khartoum and Urumqi both have dry BW climates, temperatures are much more variable for Urumqi.Why?

A)Urumqi's rain shadow
B)Urumqi's latitude
C)Khartoum's rain shadow
D)Khartoum's latitude

Question 39

What is the predominant wind direction that results in the rain shadow observed in this picture from one of the Hawaiian Islands?

A)southwest
B)southeast
C)northwest
D)northeast

Question 40

The seasonality of precipitation for the Humid Continental climate in North America can best be explained by

A)the moist eastern side of the subtropical high.
B)the moist western side of the subtropical high.
C)monsoonal precipitation.
D)westerly migration of mid-latitude cyclones.

Question 41

Which of the following pollutants act as greenhouse gases?

A)CO, NO
B)SO₃, NO₂
C)SO₃, NO₂, O₃
D)CO₂, CH₄

Question 42

Pollutants that are aerosols consist of

A)gases and liquids.
B)liquids and solids.
C)gases and solids.
D)gases, liquids, and solids.

Question 43

Ozone pollution would be most favored in

A)sunny climates in summer when coal is burned in order to generate electric power.
B)sunny climates in winter when coal is burned in order to generate electric power.
C)sunny climates during the summer when volatile organic compounds can react with NO.
D)sunny climates during the winter when volatile organic compounds can react with NO.

Question 44

Pictured here is a model of how the atmosphere is heated.Which arrow represents heating of the earth's atmosphere by long wave radiation?

A)insolation reflected by land
B)insolation reflected by clouds
C)energy absorbed by land
D)infrared energy emitted by land

Question 45

Thermometers directly measuring temperature data on a global scale show the most recent cooling period ended around

A)1860.
B)1940.
C)1980.
D)2010.

Question 46

Between 1960 and 2010, atmospheric greenhouse CO₂ has increased by

A)400 ppm.
B)320 ppm.
C)80 ppm.

Question 47

The biggest loss of sea ice between 1979 and 2003 appears to be along the

A)north shore of Russia.
B)east shore of Greenland.
C)west shore of Greenland.
D)north shore of Alaska.

Question 48

Which of the following would decrease the severity of air pollution in Los Angeles?

A)off shore breezes
B)valley surrounded by mountains
C)on shore breezes
D)inversion conditions

Question 49

Solid aerosols

A)create secondary pollutants and destroy the ozone layer.
B)also consist of gases that act as greenhouse gases.
C)are more harmful to humans if their size is above PM_10.
D)can promote or reduce the chance of precipitation.

Question 50

Urbanization

A)increases rainfall over the city center.
B)decreases temperature over the city center.
C)can raise or lower relative humidity.
D)reduces levels of smog, especially in the summer.

Question 51

In comparing the distribution of acid rain and ozone pollution

A)California suffers from the high levels of ozone pollution but not highest levels of acid rain.
B)the Gulf Coast suffers from the highest levels of ozone pollution and the highest levels of acid rain.
C)the East Coast has the lowest levels of ozone pollution and acid rain.

Question 52

The SO₂ emissions displayed in this map derive mainly from the

A)automobile emissions from point sources.
B)automobile emissions from non-point sources.
C)burning of coal from point sources.
D)burning of coal from non-point sources.

Question 53

Atmospheric temperatures are influenced by all of the following greenhouse gases EXCEPT

A)nitrogen.
B)water vapor.
C)methane.
D)nitrous oxides.

Question 54

All of the following could be considered proxy data for measuring global warming EXCEPT

A)ice cores.
B)sea surface temperature.
C)tree ring.

Question 55

Nitrogen oxide concentrations are typically most pronounced in

A)large metropolises with heavy combustion of coal for power.
B)large metropolises with heavy automobile use.
C)rural areas experiencing the burning of forests.
D)rural areas with heavy combustion of coal for power.

Question 56

Calculate the percent increase in CO₂ between 1960 (at 320 ppm)and 2010 (at 400 ppm).The best answer is

A)20%.
B)25%.
C)80%.
D)400%.

Question 57

Both sea surface (below)and air temperature (above)show a warming period beginning in

A)1860.
B)1940.
C)1980.
D)2010.

Question 58

A factor that can influence earth's temperature but not be influenced by humans

A)aerosol concentration.
B)atmospheric albedo.
C)surface albedo.
D)variations in solar radiance.

Question 59

Which of the following would NOT be true regarding the urban heat island?

A)changes in albedo
B)retention of rain water
C)nighttime retention of longwave radiation
D)high concentration of waste heat from industry

Question 60

Climate change involves

A)increasing temperatures.
B)decreasing temperatures.
C)changes in precipitation.
D)All of the above.

Question 61

A higher proportion of black daisies on Daisy World can impact the hydrologic cycle leading to

A)higher temperatures, more evaporation, more cloud cover, with the retention of greenhouse water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.
B)higher temperatures, less evaporation, less cloud cover, with less retention of greenhouse water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.
C)lower temperatures, more evaporation, more cloud cover, with the retention of greenhouse water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.
D)lower temperatures, less evaporation, less cloud cover, with less retention of greenhouse water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.

Question 62

On the hypothetical Daisy World planet, white daisies would be favored over black daisies during

A)hot times because of white daisies' high albedo.
B)hot times because of white daisies' low albedo.
C)cold times because of black daisies' low albedo.
D)cold times because of black daisies' high albedo.

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a consequence of climate change?

A)changes in ocean currents
B)some regions getting warmer, others colder
C)increased stability in temperatures
D)changes in the distribution of plants and animals

Question 64

Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a positive feedback

A)Ice has a higher albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm.
B)Ice has a lower albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm.
C)More water evaporating will create more low level clouds causing the surface to warm.
D)Less water evaporating will create more low level clouds causing the surface to warm.

Question 65

General Circulation Models (GCM)

A)use data collected exclusively from high resolution satellites.
B)use spectral models derived from energy released from the earth and clouds.
C)can be run on powerful home computers, allowing citizen scientists to run models.
D)use complicated two dimensional grid systems that change temporally.

Question 66

In the last 200 years, sea level has risen approximately

A)0.02 m.
B)0.2 m.
C)2 m.
D)20 m.

Question 67

The accompanying graph shows the number of Atlantic hurricanes since the 1880's.Based on when most global warming has occurred, one would conclude

A)short duration hurricanes have increased in frequency.
B)all hurricanes have increased in frequency.
C)moderate duration hurricanes have increased in frequency.
D)no trends are apparent from this graph.

Question 68

General Circulation Models (GCM)differ from Weather Forecasting Models (WFM)in all of the following ways EXCEPT GCM'S

A)emphasize feedbacks between all the earth's sphere's not just the atmosphere.
B)use spatial analysis techniques that interpolate the data to a three-dimensional grid.
C)have larger grid spacings for data analysis compared to WFM's.
D)Use longer time step between data interactions.

Question 69

A higher proportion of white daisies on Daisy World can impact the hydrologic cycle leading to

A)higher temperatures, more evaporation, more cloud cover, with the retention of water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.
B)higher temperatures, less evaporation, less cloud cover, with less retention of water vapor trapping more outgoing longwave radiation.
C)lower temperatures, more evaporation, more cloud cover, with the retention of water vapor that could trap more outgoing longwave radiation.
D)lower temperatures, less evaporation, less cloud cover, with less retention of water vapor that could trap more outgoing longwave radiation.

Question 70

Ultimately, positive and negative feedbacks on Daisy World lead to a system that perpetuates

A)further positive feedbacks.
B)further negative feedbacks.
C)a system that stays within certain limits.
D)a system exceeding positive or negative feedback limits.

Question 71

On the hypothetical Daisy World planet, black daisies would be favored over white daisies during

A)hot times because of white daisies' high albedo.
B)hot times because of white daisies' low albedo.
C)cold times because of black daisies' low albedo.
D)cold times because of black daisies' high albedo.

Question 72

Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a negative feedback?

A)Ice has a higher albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm.
B)Ice has a lower albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm.
C)Less water evaporating will create more low level clouds causing the surface to warm.
D)More water evaporating will create more low level clouds causing the surface to cool.

Question 73

Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a positive feedback?

A)Warming air melts permafrost releasing methane, a natural absorber of potent greenhouse gases.
B)Less water evaporating will create more high level clouds causing the surface to warm.
C)Warming oceans release more water vapor, a potent greenhouse gas which absorbs longwave radiation, further increasing temperature.
D)Warming oceans release less water vapor, a potent greenhouse gas which absorbs longwave radiation, further increasing temperature.

Question 74

The accompanying graph shows the number of violent tornados in the last 60 years.Based on when most global warming has occurred, one would conclude

A)global warming has had a major impact on the number of tornados.
B)global warming has had a major impact on the number of tornados in the early part of the century.
C)global warming has had a major impact on the number of tornados since 2000.
D)global warming has not had an impact on the number of tornados.