Deck 19: Nutrition and Body Composition for Health

Question 1

The ___________ is a standard used in nutrition labeling.

A)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
B)Adequate Intake (AI)
C)Daily value (DV)
D)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The body is comprised of ________% water

A)25-35
B)35-45
C)50-75
D)None of the above answers are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Some of the error in estimating body fatness from hydrostatic (underwater)weighing is related to

A)error in the measurement (or estimate)of the volume of gas in nasal passages.
B)error in the measurement or estimate of the volume of gas in the lungs,airways,and gastrointestinal tract.
C)error in measurement of gas trapped in the oral cavity
D)None of the above answers are correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

To reduce the risk of hypertension,which of the following major minerals should be reduced in the diet of the average American?

A)sodium
B)calcium
C)chloride
D)potassium

Question 5

The energy contained in protein is

A)4 kcals/g.
B)7 kcals/g.
C)9 kcals/g.
D)None of the above answers is correct.

Question 6

Dietary Reference Intakes is a general term for a set of reference values used to plan nutrient intakes of healthy people.Which of the following values represents the highest maximal nutrient intake that is UNLIKELY to impose adverse health effects on almost all healthy individuals in the general population?

A)Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
B)Adequate Intake (AI)
C)Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
D)Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Question 7

In most overweight individuals (<30 kg fat mass),the excess fat is due to fat cell

A)hyperplasia.
B)hypertrophy.
C)dystrophy.
D)dysplasia.

Question 8

According to the accepted macronutrient distribution range (AMDR),what percent of your total daily calorie intake should be derived from carbohydrates?

A)45-65% calories from carbohydrates.
B)20-35% calories carbohydrates.
C)10-35% calories from carbohydrates.
D)None of the above ranges are recommended.

Question 9

Inadequate intake of __________ can increase the risk of developing anemia.

A)zinc
B)iodine
C)iron
D)fluoride

Question 10

In the densitometry method of body composition analysis (hydrostatic weighing),the density of the body is compared with the density of

A)fat.
B)muscle.
C)bone.
D)water.

Question 11

The area of the brain responsible for the regulation of food intake is the _________.

A)medulla oblongata
B)cerebellum
C)thyroid gland
D)hypothalamus

Question 12

The method of body composition assessment that measures body volume similar to underwater weighing,but in the air (as opposed to underwater)is

A)bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
B)dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
C)ultrasound.
D)air displacement plethysmography.

Question 13

According to the accepted macronutrient distribution range (AMDR),what percent of your total daily calorie intake should be derived from fats?

A)55-70% calories from carbohydrates.
B)20-35% calories fats.
C)10-15% calories from carbohydrates.
D)None of the above ranges are recommended.

Question 14

_________________ is/are the type of serum lipid that is associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

A)Total cholesterol
B)HDL cholesterol
C)LDL cholesterol
D)Triglycerides

Question 15

An excessive consumption (due to supplementation)of _______________ can lead to toxicity.

A)riboflavin
B)fat soluble vitamins
C)thiamin
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is true concerning the intake of dietary fiber?

A)It provides a sense of fullness or satiety.
B)It increases blood cholesterol levels.
C)It is found primarily in meat and dairy products.
D)It is degraded into simple sugars by the digestive system.

Question 17

The DASH eating plan was developed as a dietary approach to reduce the risk of developing ________________.

A)hypertension
B)diabetes.
C)obesity.
D)cancer.

Question 18

The adult RDA for protein is _________ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.

A)0.5
B)0.6
C)0.7
D)0.8

Question 19

Consuming inadequate amounts of ___________ can increase the risk of bone fractures in the elderly.

A)sodium
B)calcium
C)chloride
D)potassium

Question 20

Moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for most individuals to achieve health and weight loss goals because

A)moderate exercise results in greater improvements in fitness than vigorous exercise.
B)more calories are expended through moderate exercise than vigorous exercise.
C)plasma free fatty acids are a primary energy source during moderate exercise.
D)none of the above answers are correct.

Question 21

According to the energy balance equation,body weight would increase if ___________________________.

A)the rate of energy intake increases with no change in the rate of energy expenditure.
B)the rate of energy expenditure decreases with no change in the rate energy intake.
C)the rate of energy intake exceeds the rate of energy expenditure.
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 22

The basal metabolic rate is proportional to _________________.

A)the total amount of fat contained within the body
B)the fat free mass
C)level of subcutaneous body fat
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 23

The basal metabolic rate of a sedentary person is usually __________ percent of his or her total energy expenditure.

A)25-30
B)50-55
C)60-75
D)90-100

Question 24

Body density is equal to__________________.

A)mass divided by volume
B)volume of the body²
C)mass² x volume
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 25

Non-shivering thermogenesis involves __________which is rich in ____________.

A)White adipose tissue,mitochondria
B)White adipose tissue,blood vessels
C)Brown adipose tissue,mitochondria
D)Brown adipose tissue,myoglobin

Question 26

Calculate how much weight loss is required to achieve a body composition of 20% body fat given: Current body weight = 162 pounds
Current percent body fat = 30%
Given the above information,this individual would need to lose _____pounds of fat to achieve a body composition of 20% body fat.

A)10.25
B)15.25
C)20.25
D)30.25

Question 27

The glycemic index is used to describe_______________________.

A)the impact that a specific food has on the amount of glucose in the blood.
B)the influence of diet on the risk of cardiovascular disease.
C)the impact of high sugar diets on the risk of developing type II diabetes.
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 28

According to the nutrient balance model,which of the following nutrients,when consumed in excess,is most likely linked to weight gain?

A)carbohydrates
B)fat
C)protein
D)All of the above are equally linked to weight gain.

Question 29

Physical activity constitutes the most variable part of energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation.In fact,energy expenditure from physical activity can account for _______of the total energy expenditure.

A)5-40%
B)45-60%
C)65-75%
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 30

Based on information from the National Weight Control Registry (the "successful losers"),the duration of exercise each day associated with sustained weight loss is

A)<30 min.
B)30-40 min.
C)40-50 min.
D)60-90 min.

Question 31

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to energy balance and potential weight gain?

A)Health conditions
B)Physical activity
C)Medicines
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 32

A male college student practices caloric restriction (negative caloric balance of 500 calories per day)for 21 days.In theory,this individual should lose ______ pound(s)of fat at the completion of the 21 days.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 33

Prolonged (several months)caloric restriction results in a reduction in the basal metabolic rate.The explanation for this decline in basal metabolic rate is linked to ______________.

A)a loss of both lean and fat tissue.
B)a decrease in circulating levels of thyroid hormone (T3).
C)a reduced level of sympathetic nervous system activity.
D)All of the above answers are correct.

Question 34

Body density calculated from the sum of skinfolds can be converted to percent fat using the Siri equation.

Question 35

The Daily Value (DV)is a standard used in food labeling and is based on a 2,000-kcal diet.

Question 36

At the end of a 10 day period of overeating,a positive caloric balance (i.e. ,excess calories)of 350 kcal/day would cause body weight to increase by _____ .

A)0.5 pounds
B)0.75 pounds
C)1.0 pound
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 37

A net gain (i.e. ,positive energy balance)of ____________kcal is required to add 1 pound of adipose tissue.

A)1500
B)2500
C)3500
D)4500

Question 38

If you did not correct the underwater weight for the air remaining in the lungs at the time of measurement,you would underestimate body fatness.

Question 39

Which of the following is the currently widely accepted anthropomorphic measurement method for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity?

A)the Metropolitan Life Insurance height and weight tables
B)body weight only
C)body mass index (BMI)
D)skinfold measurements

Question 40

A male with a body mass index of 29 kg/m² would be most accurately classified as

A)normal weight.
B)overweight.
C)obesity class I.
D)obesity class II.

Question 41

When a vitamin is activated,it becomes a provitamin.

Question 42

The basal metabolic rate is proportional to fat free mass.

Question 43

Individuals who cut their normal caloric intake in half and lose a significant amount of body weight will experience a reduction in resting metabolic rate.

Question 44

Physical activity constitutes the most variable part of the energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation.

Question 45

Using body mass index (BMI)as the benchmark,a BMI of 27 (or above)is considered as a classification for obesity.

Question 46

Obesity is typically related to a variety of genetic and environmental factors.