Deck 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

Aggression is defined in psychology as

A) physical behavior intended to hurt someone.
B) any behavior that harms someone,whether it is intentional or unintentional.
C) physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
D) verbally insulting someone,whether intentional or unintentional.

Answer 1

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Question 2

Glenda has spread false rumors about a classmate in order to ruin his reputation.Her behavior best illustrates

A) gender typing.
B) relational aggression.
C) androgyny.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 2

relational aggression.

Question 3

Unlike the concept of gender,the definition of people's sex is based only on

A) cultural expectations.
B) biological traits.
C) behavioral preferences.
D) social relationships.

Answer 3

biological traits.

Question 4

Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship constitutes

A) solitary confinement.
B) androgyny.
C) spermarche.
D) relational aggression.

Question 5

In laboratory experiments,men have been found to be ________ willing than women to blast people with what they believed was intense and prolonged noise.Outside the laboratory they have been found to be ________ willing than women to support war.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 6

A power-hungry female politician is ________ likely to be perceived as aggressive than a power-hungry male politician.Among male and female politicians who seem power-hungry,women are ________ successful than men.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 7

The social norm that has most clearly contributed to gender bias in the workplace is the fact that

A) men exercise a more democratic leadership style than women.
B) men more readily apologize for being impolite than women.
C) men place more emphasis on achievement and power than women.
D) men more readily express support for others' opinions than women.

Question 8

Compared with the difference in self-esteem between the average female and the average male,the variation in self-esteem among individual males is ________ and the variations in self-esteem among individual females is ________.

A) larger;smaller
B) smaller;larger
C) larger;larger
D) smaller;smaller

Question 9

When juries form,leadership tends to go to ________.When worker salaries are paid,those in traditionally ________ occupations receive more.

A) females;male
B) males;female
C) females;female
D) males;male

Question 10

In considering gender differences,you should remember that

A) no gender difference is common to all human cultures.
B) gender similarities are much greater than gender differences.
C) genetic differences between the genders do not contribute to gender differences in behavior.
D) all of these answers are true.

Question 11

Compared with the average man,the average woman experiences a greater risk of

A) autism spectrum disorder.
B) color-deficient vision.
C) eating disorders.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 12

Men and women are most likely to differ in their levels of

A) happiness.
B) intelligence.
C) creativity.
D) involvement in a violent crime.

Question 13

Which of the following would you MOST likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries?

A) men and women earning approximately the same salaries
B) more women than men holding elected offices
C) more men than women involved in fistfights
D) men and women sharing equally in the duties of child raising

Question 14

On visiting foreign countries,you would be most likely to observe

A) more men than women in political leadership positions.
B) women earning the same amount of money as men.
C) men and women equally involved in child care.
D) men and women equally involved in violent crime.

Question 15

Alex and Shauna are brother and sister and are both college students.Research on gender differences would lead one to anticipate that Alex is ________ likely to detect faint odors and ________ likely to smile frequently than his sister Shauna.

A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less

Question 16

Which of the following terms refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women?

A) schema
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) Y chromosome

Question 17

Compared with the average woman,the average man is ________ likely to suffer depression and is ________ likely to die by suicide.

A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more

Question 18

In contrast to sex,which is solely defined by ________ characteristics,the definition of gender involves ________ characteristics.

A) genital;chromosomal
B) primary sex;secondary sex
C) biologically influenced;socially influenced
D) hormonal;genital

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female?

A) gender
B) transgender
C) sex
D) androgyny

Question 20

When she was conceived,both of Libby's parents contributed an X chromosome,which defined her ________.As she grew up,she experienced herself as being a typical young woman,which defined her ________.

A) primary sex characteristics: secondary sex characteristics
B) gender schema;sexual orientation
C) intersex condition;secondary sex characteristics
D) sex;gender

Question 21

In late adolescence,teen girls spend ________ time than boys on social networking sites.As adults,women take_______ pleasure than men in talking face to face.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 22

With respect to their leadership style,men tend to be ________ directive and ________ democratic than women.

A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more

Question 23

During the course of a conversation between Mary,Nancy,and Mark,which of the following events is most likely to occur?

A) Mark interrupts Mary.
B) Mary interrupts Nancy.
C) Nancy interrupts Mark.
D) All of these events are equally likely to occur.

Question 24

How does biology influence gender?

A) genetically
B) physiologically
C) both genetically and physiologically
D) neither genetically nor physiologically

Question 25

Which biological influences trigger anatomical differences between males and females?

A) genetic
B) physiological
C) both genetic and physiological
D) neither genetic nor physiological

Question 26

The concept of tend and befriend refers to the fact that

A) men are more likely than women to turn to others for support.
B) women are more likely than men to turn to others for support.
C) men and women turn to others for support equally.
D) turning to others for support is ineffective.

Question 27

Denise is most likely to be driven by ________ when it comes to career choice and the workplace.

A) finances
B) status
C) flexibility
D) overtime

Question 28

The sex chromosome found in both males and females is called the ________ chromosome.

A) X
B) Y
C) bisexual
D) asexual

Question 29

During middle and late adulthood,women become progressively ________ assertive and men become progressively ________ domineering.

A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more

Question 30

Girls typically play in ________ groups than do boys and,during their teens,girls spend ________ time with friends than do boys.

A) larger;more
B) smaller;less
C) larger;less
D) smaller;more

Question 31

In everyday behavior,men are LESS likely than women to

A) smile at others.
B) stare at others.
C) interrupt others.
D) initiate touching others.

Question 32

When looking for someone in whom they can confide their personal worries,women usually turn to ________ and men usually turn to ________.

A) men;men
B) women;men
C) women;women
D) men;women

Question 33

Compared with females,males use conversation to

A) explore relationships.
B) solve problems.
C) obtain feedback on their views.
D) offer support.

Question 34

Compared with boys,girls are more likely to play in ________ groups.

A) small
B) competitive
C) mixed-age
D) unsupervised

Question 35

In their marital relationship,Sylvia most enjoys conversation that explores relationships,whereas her husband most enjoys working side-by-side on extended projects.Their unique activity preferences best illustrate a difference in

A) gender schemas.
B) primary sex characteristics.
C) social connectedness.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 36

In the past,U.S.mothers typically engaged in ________.Today,U.S.mothers typically engage in ________.

A) a greater amount of child care than fathers;a lesser amount of child care than fathers
B) nearly twice as much child care as fathers;nearly twice as much child care as fathers
C) nearly twice as much child care as fathers;the same amount of child care as fathers
D) the same amount of child care as fathers;the same amount of child care as fathers

Question 37

The male answer syndrome suggests that men are LESS likely than women to demonstrate

A) individualism.
B) gender typing.
C) social modesty.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 38

Maria works in construction,a traditionally male occupation.Like most women in such industries,her salary is _______ than that of her male colleagues.Felicia is a professor at Podunk U,who submitted an application to fund her research.Like most female research grant applicants,she received _______ "quality of researcher" ratings from those who reviewed her application than did the average male applicant.

A) higher;higher
B) lower;lower
C) higher;lower
D) lower;higher

Question 39

Women are more likely than men to

A) stare at people who make them angry.
B) interrupt others while they are talking.
C) refuse to apologize when angry.
D) tend and befriend as a way to cope with stress.

Question 40

Mary and John work in occupations that are highly stressful.Research on gender similarities and differences suggests that when they are looking for someone in whom they can confide their personal worries,Mary is likely to turn to ________ and John is likely to turn to ________.

A) men;men
B) women;men
C) women;women
D) men;women

Question 41

While he was asleep last night,Michael experienced his first ejaculation.This most clearly represents a major landmark of

A) menarche.
B) androgyny.
C) puberty.
D) gender typing.

Question 42

The first appearance of secondary sex characteristics is most likely to be associated with the onset of

A) androgyny.
B) gender identity.
C) the X chromosome.
D) puberty.

Question 43

Females who have experienced stress related to father absence,insecure attachment,or a mother's smoking during pregnancy experience ________ a few months earlier than average.

A) gender identity
B) androgyny
C) gender typing
D) menarche

Question 44

Males have ________ and females have ________.

A) one X chromosome;one Y chromosome
B) one Y chromosome;one X chromosome
C) one X chromosome;two X chromosomes
D) one Y chromosome;two Y chromosomes

Question 45

Puberty is most closely related to the onset of

A) androgyny.
B) menarche.
C) gender identity.
D) gender typing.

Question 46

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

A) secondary sex characteristics
B) gender typing
C) menarche
D) androgyny

Question 47

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) gender schemas.
D) adrenal glands.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A) female ovaries
B) male facial hair
C) gender typing
D) spermarche

Question 49

Secretions of testosterone and ovarian hormones during the fourth and fifth months of prenatal development exert one of their earliest influences on

A) menarche.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) gender schemas.
D) brain organization.

Question 50

A mother's contribution to an offspring's two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome and a father's contribution to an offspring's two sex chromosomes is ________ chromosome.

A) a Y;either an X or a Y
B) either an X or a Y;an X
C) an X;either an X or a Y
D) either an X or a Y;a Y

Question 51

An intersex condition is a condition that involves an unusual combination of one's

A) sexual orientation.
B) gender identity.
C) sex chromosomes.
D) gender schemas.

Question 52

A human egg contains ________ chromosome and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome.

A) a Y;either an X or a Y
B) either an X or a Y;an X
C) an X;either an X or a Y
D) either an X or a Y;a Y

Question 53

Diets laden with hormone-mimicking chemicals are suspected of contributing to girls' earlier experience of

A) androgyny.
B) gender identity.
C) menarche.
D) gender schemas.

Question 54

The term spermarche refers to the

A) development of secondary sex characteristics.
B) acquisition of gender identity.
C) display of both masculine and feminine traits.
D) first ejaculation.

Question 55

Chris is a biological male.This means that his father contributed ________ during prenatal development.

A) an X chromosome
B) a Y chromosome
C) two X chromosomes
D) two Y chromosomes

Question 56

During puberty,Elaina experienced her first menstrual period.This best illustrates adolescent development of

A) gender typing.
B) primary sex characteristics.
C) sexual orientation.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 57

The period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing is called

A) androgyny.
B) puberty.
C) gender typing.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 58

A decisive enlargement of his larynx caused Jerry's voice to deepen when he was 13 years old.The larynx enlargement best illustrates

A) spermarche.
B) a primary sex characteristic.
C) androgyny.
D) a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 59

Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.

A) male testes;adrenal glands
B) female ovaries;deepened male voice
C) male testes;female ovaries
D) adrenal glands;underarm hair

Question 60

Although Max is genetically male,his penis was unusually small at birth.This condition most likely resulted from his body's insufficient production of ________ during his prenatal development.

A) Y chromosomes
B) gender schemas
C) testosterone
D) spermarche

Question 61

A male who has small testes and is sterile as a result of a condition he was born with has

A) Klinefelter syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) a gender identity.
D) androgynous views.

Question 62

Brenda is a genetic female who was born with only one X chromosome.Which intersex condition was she born with?

A) Klinefelter syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) gonadal dysgenesis
D) androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 63

Samantha is an administrative assistant who has repeatedly received unwanted sexual advances and has been the target of obscene remarks at work.She is experiencing

A) sexual harassment.
B) sexual assault.
C) sexual aggression.
D) sexual attitude.

Question 64

An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision.During adolescence,the child ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.

A) wanted to kiss;accepted
B) wanted to kiss;did not accept
C) wanted no part of kissing;accepted
D) wanted no part of kissing;did not accept

Question 65

Making unwanted sexual advances,obscene remarks,or requests for sexual favors,often toward women in the workplace,is the definition of

A) sexual harassment.
B) sexual assault.
C) sexual aggression.
D) sexual attitude.

Question 66

Sexual aggression is defined as

A) sexual desire expressed in an unusual way.
B) any physical or verbal behavior of a sexual nature that is intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.
C) a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
D) distress over infrequently or never experiencing orgasm.

Question 67

A role is defined as

A) our sense of being male,female,or some combination of the two.
B) the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine identity.
C) a set of expectations about a social position that define how those in that position are to behave.
D) a set of expected behaviors,attitudes,and traits for males and for females.

Question 68

Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

A) class.
B) role.
C) schema.
D) syndrome.

Question 69

At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Today,only one country in the world denies women this right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in

A) gender roles.
B) sexual orientation.
C) gender identity.
D) secondary sex characteristics.

Question 70

A gender role refers to

A) one's biological sex.
B) a sense of being male or female.
C) a set of expected behaviors,attitudes,and traits for males or for females.
D) the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Question 71

When teased by his older sister,9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed to cry.Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of

A) secondary sex characteristics.
B) gender roles.
C) testosterone.
D) menarche.

Question 72

During prenatal development,a genetically female newborn was exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone.As a result,she developed male-appearing genitals.The newborn most clearly showed signs of

A) androgyny.
B) a bisexual orientation.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) an intersex condition.

Question 73

In agricultural societies,children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies.This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from

A) cultural influence.
B) relational aggression.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) a disorder of sexual development.

Question 74

A disorder of sexual development is a condition that involves the unusual development of one's

A) sexual orientation.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual anatomy.
D) gender schemas.

Question 75

Today's experts typically recommend that surgery for ________ newborns be postponed until their naturally developing physical appearance and gender identity become clear.

A) transsexual
B) intersex
C) gender-typed
D) asexual

Question 76

About how many women are killed each year by male family members in India and Pakistan for "dishonoring" their families by being a victim of sexual aggression?

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 5000
D) 10,000

Question 77

Genetic females who are born with only one X chromosome are said to have

A) Klinefelter syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) gonadal dysgenesis.
D) androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Question 78

Thomas has small testes and is sterile as a result of a condition he was born with.Which intersex condition is this?

A) Klinefelter syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) gonadal dysgenesis
D) androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 79

Which of the following demonstrates a recent shift in gender roles in the United States?

A) Women have recently been given the right to vote in national elections.
B) As compared with men,women earn higher college grades and more college degrees and show equal competence in STEM-related activities.
C) Women are less likely to work outside the home today than they were in the past.
D) Women typically work in fields to gather food while men herd livestock.

Question 80

The social roles assigned to women and men

A) are virtually the same in all cultures.
B) have been virtually the same in all historical periods.
C) differ widely across cultures.
D) differ widely across historical periods but not across cultures.