Deck 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Question 1

Ivy is learning how to drive and is intently focused on the car she is operating,the traffic on the road,and the road signs and traffic signals.This concentration is an aspect of her

A) inattentional blindness.
B) change blindness.
C) consciousness.
D) dual processing.

Answer 1

consciousness.

Question 2

The possibility that our mental state might have a direct impact on our actions was most clearly dismissed by

A) evolutionary psychologists.
B) behaviorists.
C) cognitive neuroscientists.
D) behavior geneticists.

Answer 2

behaviorists.

Question 3

After 1960,psychology regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions began affirming the importance of

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) change blindness.
C) neuroscience.
D) cognition.

Answer 3

cognition.

Question 4

While engrossed in reading a novel,Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments.This best illustrates

A) inattentional blindness.
B) sequential processing.
C) blindsight.
D) selective attention.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a state of consciousness?

A) daydreaming
B) dreaming
C) inattentional blindness
D) drowsiness

Question 6

Which specialty area would be most interested in identifying the brain-activation patterns associated with a person's conscious recognition of familiar faces or voices?

A) evolutionary psychology
B) cognitive neuroscience
C) behavior genetics
D) behaviorism

Question 7

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the existence of

A) blindsight.
B) selective attention.
C) change blindness.
D) dual processing.

Question 8

Consciousness contributes to all of the following EXCEPT

A) reflecting on past experiences.
B) setting goals for the future.
C) dreaming about an old friend.
D) focusing our attention to learn complex tasks.

Question 9

Samantha is a college student who is trying to decide which courses to take next semester.Before making a decision,she considers how each course would help her in the career she has chosen and the reputation of the instructor.This ability is an aspect of her

A) inattentional blindness.
B) change blindness.
C) consciousness.
D) dual processing.

Question 10

Conscious experience arises from

A) parallel processing.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) dual processing.
D) synchronized activity across the brain.

Question 11

It has been estimated that our five senses take in ________ bits of information per second while we process only ________ of information per second.

A) 1000;10
B) 11,000;20
C) 101,000;30
D) 11,000,000;40

Question 12

The school of thought in psychology that turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

A) behaviorism.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) humanistic psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.

Question 13

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

A) change blindness.
B) dual processing.
C) selective attention.
D) blindsight.

Question 14

Most psychologists define consciousness as

A) our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
B) mental processes.
C) observations of behavior.
D) waking awareness and altered states of observation.

Question 15

When Jane awoke this morning,she was slightly groggy but was able to function.Before lunch she was exceptionally alert.When she left work this afternoon,she was tired and wanted to take a nap.These changes in Jane throughout the day represent different

A) states of consciousness.
B) selective attentions.
C) cocktail party effects.
D) inattentional blindnesses.

Question 16

The interdisciplinary study of the linkages between brain activity and mental processes is known as

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) neurology.
C) behaviorism.
D) cognitive neuroscience.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way consciousness aids survival,according to evolutionary psychologists?

A) Consciousness helps us cope with new situations.
B) Consciousness helps us act in our long-term interests.
C) Consciousness helps us seek short-term pleasures.
D) Consciousness helps us anticipate how others view us.

Question 18

Cognitive neuroscience is most directly concerned with studying

A) selective attention and accidents.
B) evolution and natural selection.
C) selective attention and daydreams.
D) brain activity and thought processes.

Question 19

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called

A) blindsight.
B) parallel processing.
C) change blindness.
D) selective attention.

Question 20

Attention to her long-term educational goals enables Alicia to avoid thoughtlessly skipping difficult class assignments.This best illustrates the adaptive value of

A) change blindness.
B) consciousness.
C) the cocktail party effect.
D) inattentional blindness.

Question 21

While a man provided directions to a construction worker,two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door.The man's failure to notice that during this interruption the construction worker was replaced by another person wearing different-colored clothes illustrates

A) dual processing.
B) blindsight.
C) parallel processing.
D) change blindness.

Question 22

Which of the following poses the greatest risk of an accident while driving?

A) sending text messages
B) talking on a cell phone
C) listening to the car radio
D) talking with others in the vehicle

Question 23

While driving to work,John was so focused on his cell-phone conversation that he inadvertently drove through a red light and hit another vehicle.John's experience best illustrates the impact of

A) blindsight.
B) dual processing.
C) the cocktail party effect.
D) selective attention.

Question 24

June's correct solution to a novel arithmetic problem was simultaneously facilitated by unconscious inferences and the conscious application of mathematical principles.This best illustrates the value of

A) inattentional blindness.
B) blindsight.
C) dual processing.
D) behaviorism.

Question 25

The increased risk of car accidents for drivers talking on a cell phone

A) results primarily from the visual distraction of glancing at one's cell phone.
B) is no greater than the risk for drivers chatting with other passengers.
C) is no greater than the risk for drivers listening to a car radio.
D) is equally great for those using handheld and those using hands-free phones.

Question 26

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

A) the cocktail party effect.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) dual processing.
D) selective attention.

Question 27

Which of the following activities is the most dangerous to engage in while driving?

A) talking to a passenger in the car
B) talking on the phone using a Bluetooth device
C) talking on the cell phone while holding the phone and driving
D) texting while driving

Question 28

After turning to wave at one of her friends during lunch,Jessica fails to notice that her new cell phone,which had been right next to her lunch plate,has disappeared.Her oversight best illustrates

A) parallel processing.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) dual processing.
D) change blindness.

Question 29

Jane frequently checks her text messages while driving.While this is extremely dangerous,like Jane,________ percent of American drivers have read or sent a text message while driving in the past month.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 60

Question 30

Researchers who conducted two interview experiments found that most participants failed to notice that the female interviewer to whom they were responding changed after the third question of the interview.This best illustrated

A) the cocktail party effect.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) change blindness.
D) blindsight.

Question 31

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices,they often influence the way we consciously perceive men and women.This best illustrates

A) blindsight.
B) dual processing.
C) inattentional blindness.
D) the cocktail party effect.

Question 32

Although unable to report the width of a block in front of her,a woman identified as D.F.could grasp the block with just the right finger-thumb distance.Her experience best illustrates

A) blindsight.
B) the cocktail party effect.
C) selective attention.
D) inattentional blindness.

Question 33

Texting and talking on the cell phone while driving is responsible for about _______ percent of traffic accidents.

A) 12
B) 28
C) 45
D) 76

Question 34

We know more than we know we know thanks to our capacity for

A) sequential processing.
B) consciousness.
C) change blindness.
D) dual processing.

Question 35

When asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball,most research participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen.This illustrated

A) the cocktail party effect.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) blindsight.
D) dual processing.

Question 36

Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it,most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic.This best illustrates the value of

A) sequential processing.
B) blindsight.
C) change blindness.
D) unconscious processing.

Question 37

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called

A) blindsight.
B) parallel processing.
C) the cocktail party effect.
D) inattentional blindness.

Question 38

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance.This best illustrates the impact of

A) parallel processing.
B) change blindness.
C) selective attention.
D) blindsight.

Question 39

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it is known as

A) the cocktail party effect.
B) change blindness.
C) inattentional blindness.
D) blindsight.

Question 40

Corolina was not aware of what her mother was telling her while she was focused on a text message from a friend.Her experience best illustrates

A) dual processing.
B) the cocktail party effect.
C) change blindness.
D) blindsight.

Question 41

As you watch an airplane fly by,you notice the motion,the color,and shape of the plane.This involves

A) parallel processing.
B) sequential processing.
C) consciousness.
D) blindsight.

Question 42

In the dual-processing system of vision,the ________ enables us to recognize things and to plan future actions.

A) visual action track
B) visual processing track
C) visual planning track
D) visual perception track

Question 43

A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into the objects.This best illustrates

A) sequential processing.
B) change blindness.
C) dual processing.
D) blindsight.

Question 44

When working an occasional night shift,people often feel groggiest in the middle of the night but experience new energy around the time they normally would wake up.This best illustrates the impact of

A) sleep apnea.
B) memory consolidation.
C) the circadian rhythm.
D) REM rebound.

Question 45

Sabrina is learning how to write in cursive.Because this is a new skill for her,it will involve

A) sequential processing.
B) parallel processing.
C) dual processing.
D) blindsight processing.

Question 46

Compared with unconscious information processing,conscious information processing is relatively

A) fast and especially effective for solving new problems.
B) slow and especially effective for solving new problems.
C) fast and especially effective for solving routine problems.
D) slow and especially effective for solving routine problems.

Question 47

Circadian rhythm refers to

A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.
B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
C) the experience of sleep apnea following a lengthy transoceanic plane flight.
D) the cycle of four distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep.

Question 48

You will find it difficult to tap a steady beat three times with your left hand while tapping four times with your right hand because both tasks require

A) dual processing.
B) blindsight.
C) change blindness.
D) conscious attention.

Question 49

David is playing a new video game with his older brother.Because this is his first time playing the game,it will involve

A) sequential processing.
B) parallel processing.
C) dual processing.
D) blindsight processing.

Question 50

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously is called

A) the cocktail party effect.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) parallel processing.
D) blindsight.

Question 51

Adding two large numbers together by consciously focusing on and solving each subcomponent of the task in serial order best illustrates

A) inattentional blindness.
B) the two-track mind.
C) sequential processing.
D) change blindness.

Question 52

A capacity to monitor simultaneously the color,shape,and motion of a flying kite best illustrates

A) inattentional blindness.
B) parallel processing.
C) the cocktail party effect.
D) change blindness.

Question 53

Compared with parallel processing,sequential processing tends to be ________ conscious and better for solving ________ problems.

A) less;novel
B) more;familiar
C) less;familiar
D) more;novel

Question 54

In the vision system,the ________ guides our moment-to-moment movements.

A) visual action track
B) visual processing track
C) visual planning track
D) visual perception track

Question 55

Joan is at a research conference and is browsing a poster session when a title catches her eye.Reading carefully about the new research described in the poster,Joan is engaged in

A) parallel processing.
B) sequential processing.
C) consciousness.
D) blindsight.

Question 56

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.

A) selective attention;the cocktail party effect
B) sequential processing;parallel processing
C) behaviorism;cognitive neuroscience
D) change blindness;inattentional blindness

Question 57

The fact that the visual perception and visual action tracks work together to produce vision indicates that vision is a

A) single system.
B) dual-processing system.
C) conscious experience.
D) state of consciousness.

Question 58

A periodic,natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as

A) the circadian rhythm.
B) narcolepsy.
C) an hallucination.
D) sleep.

Question 59

Sequential processing refers to

A) the formation of complex neural networks.
B) consciously focusing on one aspect of a problem at a time.
C) the brain's ability to automatically regulate basic life-sustaining processes such as breathing.
D) the coordinated brain-wide activity that triggers consciousness.

Question 60

Research on sleep and dreaming confirms that

A) sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
B) while some people dream every night,others seldom dream.
C) the brain's auditory cortex responds to sound stimuli even during sleep.
D) older adults sleep more than young adults.

Question 61

At 3 o'clock in the morning,John has already slept for four hours.As long as his sleep continues,we can expect an increasing occurrence of

A) hypnagogic sensations.
B) muscle tension.
C) REM (R)sleep.
D) N3 sleep.

Question 62

Alexis most enjoys talking and socializing with friends late in the evening.Her mother,however,is most energized for social interactions about an hour after breakfast.This difference between Alexis and her mother is best explained by the fact that age and experience tend to alter our

A) REM rebound.
B) N2 sleep.
C) hypnagogic sensations.
D) circadian rhythm.

Question 63

Compared with evening-loving "night owls," those who are morning types tend to perform ________ in school and tend to be ________ vulnerable to depression.

A) worse;more
B) better;less
C) worse;less
D) better;more

Question 64

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.

A) N1
B) N2
C) N3
D) REM

Question 65

Fantastic images resembling hallucinations occur with the onset of

A) narcolepsy.
B) delta waves.
C) sleep spindles.
D) N1 sleep.

Question 66

With the approach of night,our body temperature begins to drop.This best illustrates the dynamics of the

A) hypnagogic state.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) alpha wave pattern.
D) REM rebound.

Question 67

Which sleep stage lasts about 20 minutes and includes periodic sleep spindles?

A) NREM-1 (N1)
B) NREM-2 (N2)
C) NREM-3 (N3)
D) REM (R)

Question 68

Most college students are "owls," with performance ________ across the day.Most older adults are "larks," with performance ________ as the day progresses.

A) improving;declining
B) declining;improving
C) declining;staying the same
D) staying the same;declining

Question 69

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.

A) N1
B) N2
C) N3
D) REM (R)

Question 70

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed,awake state are called

A) beta waves.
B) sleep spindles.
C) alpha waves.
D) delta waves.

Question 71

Which 30-minute sleep stage is characterized by slow-wave sleep and delta waves?

A) NREM-1 (N1)
B) NREM-2 (N2)
C) NREM-3 (N3)
D) REM (R)

Question 72

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early.Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed,she has not yet fallen asleep.An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of

A) delta waves.
B) alpha waves.
C) sleep spindles.
D) rapid eye movements.

Question 73

An hour after going to bed,Mike was so soundly asleep his parents were unable to awaken him for a scheduled dose of medicine.At this point in Mike's sleep,an EEG would have most likely detected

A) alpha waves.
B) beta waves.
C) delta waves.
D) REM rebound.

Question 74

Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called

A) night terrors.
B) REMs.
C) sleep spindles.
D) hallucinations.

Question 75

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during N2 sleep are called

A) alpha waves.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.

Question 76

A minute or two after falling asleep,Luke felt like he was being tossed up and down as if on a boat in rough seas.His experience best illustrates

A) the circadian rhythm.
B) hypnagogic sensations.
C) sleep spindles.
D) narcolepsy.

Question 77

An EEG shows bursts of rapid,rhythmic brain-wave activity during ________ sleep.

A) NREM-1 (N1)
B) NREM-2 (N2)
C) NREM-3 (N3)
D) REM (R)

Question 78

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

A) sleep spindles.
B) narcolepsy.
C) REM sleep.
D) sleep apnea.

Question 79

Which sleep stage is characterized by slowed breathing and irregular brain waves?

A) NREM-1 (N1)
B) NREM-2 (N2)
C) NREM-3 (N3)
D) REM (R)

Question 80

Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep.

A) N1
B) N2
C) N3
D) REM (R)