Deck 26: Who Likes Whom

Question 1

Functional distance refers to

A)the natural geographic route between two locations.
B)the distance between residences "as the crow flies."
C)how often people's paths cross.
D)the direction and route of travel one undertakes when deliberately seeking out a given person.

Answer 1

how often people's paths cross.

Question 2

If you are new in the office and want to make new friends,your best bet is to get a desk

A)that is smaller than that of anyone else.
B)in the quietest corner of the office.
C)near the coffeepot.
D)next to the air conditioner.

Answer 2

near the coffeepot.

Question 3

You are a regular contributor to an Internet chat room.One day the other participants seem to ignore every comment you make.Research suggests you will likely

A)send rude and nasty comments to the chat room.
B)become more independent and less conforming to others.
C)lash out at your younger sibling once you finish your chat session.
D)experience stress and a depressed mood.

Answer 3

experience stress and a depressed mood.

Question 4

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is referred to as

A)the mere exposure effect.
B)the novelty phenomenon.
C)display liking.
D)proactive stimulation.

Question 5

found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game,players were _______ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

A)less likely
B)more likely
C)somewhat likely
D)not likely

Question 6

A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day.According to the mere exposure effect,as the days pass you will come to view the stranger

A)merely as another student.
B)more unfavorably.
C)more critically.
D)more favorably.

Question 7

An example of implicit egotism is our tendency to

A)like what we associate with ourselves.
B)make friends with people older than us.
C)prefer attractive people.

Question 8

Even when people have no strong feelings about a product or a candidate,_______ can increase sales or votes.

A)proximity
B)familiarity
C)repetition
D)appearance

Question 9

After learning about a former coworker who recently passed away due to cancer,you call a loved one.This is an example of how reminders of death

A)make us depressed.
B)encourage solitude.
C)heighten our need to belong.
D)cause social tension.

Question 10

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing,positive interactions is the definition of

A)association anxiety.
B)the need for attachment.
C)the need to belong.
D)affiliative predisposition.

Question 11

Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone.All else being equal,is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door,with Kristy who lives two doors down,with Beth who lives three doors down,or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers?

A)Joni
B)Kristy
C)Beth
D)Heidi

Question 12

Anticipatory liking-expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible-increases the chance of

A)becoming involved in an inequitable relationship.
B)a dysfunctional,co-dependent relationship.
C)being exploited in the early stages of a relationship.
D)forming a rewarding relationship.

Question 13

All of the following are true of ostracized people except

A)it leads to increased aggression.
B)the pain of ostracism can be lessened by taking Tylenol.
C)it leads to a depressed heart rate.
D)they perceive room temperature to be warmer than it actually is.

Question 14

The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own name illustrates the

A)belongingness effect.
B)proximity effect.
C)mere exposure effect.
D)matching effect.

Question 15

Research on proximity and social attraction generally supports the view that

A)familiarity breeds contempt.
B)familiarity leads to liking.
C)proximity leads to affection and animosity with equal frequency.
D)distance makes the heart grow fonder.

Question 16

gave university women ambiguous information about two other women.Asked how much they liked these people,the participants reported feeling more attracted to the person whom they

A)expected they would probably not meet.
B)expected they would eventually meet.
C)had read about first.
D)had read about second.

Question 17

One factor that will increase the likelihood that a friendship between two people will develop is

A)the degree to which their interests compliment each others.
B)how often their paths cross.
C)avoiding repetitious exposure.
D)gender.

Question 18

Molly really likes her friend Jodi.Every time they hang out they have a great time and Jodi is always there to help her when she is in need and vice versa.Which of the following best explains their friendship?

A)mere exposure
B)reward theory of attraction
C)proximity
D)the matching phenomenon

Question 19

You feel obligated to vote in the next election,especially because you are usually the first one to complain about the incumbent President.However,you have not had the time to research the positions taken by the candidates.Social psychologists would confidently predict that you are likely to choose the candidate

A)who you find physically attractive.
B)whose name you have heard most often.
C)who resembles someone you know.
D)who resembles someone you like.

Question 20

Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates

A)will most likely become friends.
B)will likely be unhappy about the assignment and come to dislike each other.
C)are as likely to become enemies as they are to become friends.
D)will show initial attraction that fades over time.

Question 21

When people describe themselves in personal ads,women often offer _______ and seek _______.

A)companionship;attractiveness
B)attractiveness;status
C)status;companionship
D)commitment;excitement

Question 22

Ruth is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale),but Naomi is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale).Research suggests that if Ruth makes $35,000 a year on her job,Naomi will probably make _______ doing the same job.

A)slightly less money
B)the same amount
C)more money
D)significantly less money

Question 23

What is attractive to you depends on

A)your age.
B)what you are comparing it to.
C)novelty.
D)its uniqueness.

Question 24

The contrast effect of feeling less attractive after viewing a super attractive person applies to our self-perceptions,especially for

A)men.
B)women.
C)racial/ethnic majorities.
D)racial/ethnic minorities.

Question 25

matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a Welcome Week dance.When the students were asked to evaluate their dates,what determined whether they liked each other?

A)similarity of values
B)similarity of academic competence
C)physical attractiveness
D)common family background

Question 26

had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women,judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery,and found that

A)pre-surgery women were judged to be more genuine,honest,and appealing.
B)post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable.
C)pre-surgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent.
D)post-surgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive.

Question 27

Which of your friends is most likely to report a preference for a mate who is homely and warm over one who is attractive and cold?

A)your teenaged brother
B)your middle-aged coworker
C)your best friend Carol
D)your classmate Tom

Question 28

Who is likely to receive the most responses to his personal ad?

A)Mark,who emphasizes his physical attractiveness
B)Bill,who emphasizes his income
C)David,who emphasizes his kind and sensitive nature
D)Tony,who emphasizes his athletic accomplishments

Question 29

According to the text,the relationship between the extent to which we are in love with someone and how physically attractive we find that person to be is

A)positive.
B)positive if the length of the relationship is greater than two years.
C)negative.
D)neutral.

Question 30

Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical attractiveness stereotype?

A)What is beautiful is good.
B)What is beautiful is unpredictable.
C)What is beautiful is superficial.
D)What is beautiful is untouchable.

Question 31

Attractiveness best predicts happiness and social connections for

A)people living in rural settings.
B)people in their 20s.
C)people living in urban settings.
D)people in their 50s.

Question 32

found that in a national sample of Canadians,those that others rated as more attractive earned,on average

A)around $100 less annually.
B)around $100 more annually.
C)around $2000 less annually.
D)around $2000 more annually.

Question 33

Studies on computer composites of faces show that

A)perfectly average is quite attractive.
B)perfectly average is quite unattractive.
C)modest caricatures of attractive features are quite unattractive.
D)symmetry is unimportant.

Question 34

All of the following are true of women during ovulation except

A)show a stronger preference for men with masculine faces and bodies.
B)are better at judging male sexual orientation.
C)show a wariness for outgroup men.
D)they are more promiscuous.

Question 35

Research has shown that we guess _______ people are happier,sexually warmer,more outgoing and successful.

A)friendly
B)beautiful
C)intelligent
D)funny

Question 36

Jen is more in love with Stan today than the day she married him.According to research on the relationship between love and perceived attractiveness,

A)Jen probably finds Stan to be more attractive today than the day she married him.
B)Jen probably finds Stan to be less attractive today than the day she married him.
C)Stan probably finds Jen less attractive today than the day he married her.
D)Stan and Jen probably see each other as equally attractive.

Question 37

Rosalinda,who is attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status,marries Jorge,who is also attractive,very intelligent,and high in social status.Their relationship is best understood as an example of

A)the ingratiation effect.
B)complementarity.
C)the mere-exposure effect.
D)the matching phenomenon.

Question 38

Physically attractive people tend to be all of the following EXCEPT

A)more popular.
B)more humorous.
C)more outgoing.
D)more gender-typed.

Question 39

found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women,average women seem _______ attractive,confirming the _______.

A)more;contrast effect
B)more;mere exposure effect
C)less;contrast effect
D)less;mere exposure effect

Question 40

Todorov and colleagues asked Princeton University students to pick who won a series of U.S.Senate and U.S.House of Representative elections.Students correctly picked the winners the majority of the time.What were their guesses based on?

A)their superior memory of the elections' actual outcomes
B)picking who the more attractive candidate in the race was based on photographs
C)mere exposure of the candidates' names
D)the candidates' election platform

Question 41

At a party,Ellie meets Rob and Blake.The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening.By the end of the evening,Ellie has discovered that she and Blake see things eye-to-eye,whereas she and Rob see things differently.All else being equal,Ellie will probably like

A)Rob better.
B)Blake better.
C)Rob and Blake equally.
D)neither Rob nor Blake.

Question 42

Hatfield gave university women evaluations,affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations.Each participant was then asked to evaluate a man who had earlier asked her for a date.Women whose evaluations had been _______ expressed _______ the man.

A)positive;more liking of
B)negative;more liking of
C)positive;more hostility towards
D)negative;more hostility towards

Question 43

found that among students who lived together in a boardinghouse for many weeks,the ones who were most likely to have formed close friendships were those who

A)were most similar in their level of physical attractiveness.
B)had the highest initial agreement on attitudes.
C)had opposite but complementary personality characteristics.
D)came from the same region or state.

Question 44

According to the _______ hypothesis,people are attracted to those whose needs are different in ways that complete each other.

A)accentuation
B)matching
C)complementarity
D)reciprocity

Question 45

Which of the following proverbs is clearly NOT supported by the research findings?

A)"Opposites attract."
B)"Familiarity breeds fondness."
C)"Out of sight,out of mind."
D)"Even virtue is fairer in a fair body."

Question 46

Summarize the research on physical attractiveness and attraction.

Question 47

List and briefly explain the four factors that lead to initial attraction.

Question 48

The tendency for opposites to mate or marry

A)has only been documented among teenage couples.
B)has increased in the United States since 1960.
C)is just as powerful as the similarity-attraction connection.
D)has never been reliably demonstrated.

Question 49

Why is the complementarity hypothesis so widely believed despite the fact that attraction research repeatedly fails to confirm it?

Question 50

Mary,a talkative,extraverted young woman,is strongly attracted to Shane,a quiet,introverted,middle-aged man.Mary's attraction to Shane would be predicted by the

A)exchange theory.
B)matching phenomenon.
C)equity principle.
D)complementarity hypothesis.

Question 51

We like people with whom we associate good feelings.This fact is consistent with the ___________ theory of attraction.

A)cognitive dissonance
B)reward
C)two-factor
D)James-Lange