Deck 23: The Roots of Prejudice

Question 1

The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call

A)our group identity.
B)our social identity.
C)a personal identity.
D)an outgroup.

Answer 1

our social identity.

Question 2

Research on the relationship between religion and prejudice has found

A)religion causes prejudice.
B)prejudice causes religion.
C)the relationship depends on how religion is defined.
D)religion is causes authoritarianism which,in turn,causes prejudice.

Answer 2

the relationship depends on how religion is defined.

Question 3

Studies of Whites by Pettigrew in South Africa in the 1950s,when apartheid ruled,revealed that those who _______ were also most prejudiced.

A)had the most education
B)conformed most to other social norms
C)were the most disadvantaged
D)had the greatest amount of social power

Answer 3

conformed most to other social norms

Question 4

"Them" - a group that people perceive as being distinctively different or apart from their own group is what social psychologists call a(n)

A)ingroup.
B)outgroup.
C)scapegoat.
D)bias group.

Question 5

We are more prone to ingroup biases when our group is _______ and _______ relative to the outgroup.

A)large;high in status
B)large;low in status
C)small;high in status
D)small;low in status

Question 6

A group of people who share a sense of belonging or a feeling of common identity is called a(n)

A)ingroup.
B)outgroup.
C)community.
D)clan.

Question 7

found that more than 80% of both Whites and Blacks say race relations are generally good in their neighborhoods,but fewer than 60% see relations as generally good in the country as a whole.This is referred to as

A)ethnocentrism.
B)an ingroup bias.
C)social dominance.
D)an outgroup bias.

Question 8

More lynching of Blacks took place in the old South during years when cotton prices were low,suggesting that prejudice is partly explained by

A)ingroup bias.
B)the just-world hypothesis.
C)displaced aggression.
D)institutional supports.

Question 9

John has just failed a chemistry test.He goes back to his apartment and criticizes his roommate's choice of music.What term best describes John's behavior?

A)institutionalized aggression
B)just-world action
C)displaced aggression
D)authoritarian regression

Question 10

Myers indicates that,until recently,prejudice was greatest in regions where slavery was practiced.This fact is consistent with the principle that _______ breeds prejudice.

A)frustration
B)unequal status
C)conformity
D)authoritarianism

Question 11

Children of _______ have less stereotyped views of men and women.

A)authoritarian parents
B)employed women
C)devoutly religious parents
D)stay-at-home mothers

Question 12

found that since 1975,there is _______ between opposition to immigration and the unemployment rate.

A)a positive relationship
B)a negative relationship
C)a neutral relationship
D)no relationship

Question 13

Between classes,you notice how smokers congregate outside the doors of the building.When interacting with one another,they seem to behave as if they identify as quite different from the non-smokers who happen to be outside the door.What term would best describe the group of smokers?

A)an ingroup
B)an outgroup
C)a clan
D)an ethnocentric group

Question 14

A tendency to favor one's group is called

A)ethnocentrism.
B)an ingroup bias.
C)an outgroup bias.
D)social dominance.

Question 15

When the cause of our frustration is intimidating or unknown,we often redirect our hostility.This phenomenon is known as

A)discrimination.
B)displaced aggression.
C)realistic group conflict.
D)institutional supports.

Question 16

According to Myers,many disadvantaged youths find pride and identity in gang affiliations,which is their way of

A)justifying their racial discrimination.
B)justifying their religious discrimination.
C)establishing social dominance.
D)seeking self-esteem.

Question 17

Elena's boss told her that she is being let go due to company downsizing.Later that day when gets home,she is critical of her girlfriend's choice of restaurant for dinner.What term best describes Elena's behavior?

A)institutionalized aggression
B)just-world action
C)displaced aggression
D)authoritarian regression

Question 18

The realistic group conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises

A)whenever people try to live together.
B)when a new group moves into an area.
C)between groups who fail to communicate clearly with each other.
D)when groups compete for scarce resources.

Question 19

A belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group is called

A)prejudice.
B)discrimination.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)arrogance.

Question 20

Kayla's grandparents immigrated from Europe.Kayla holds such a strong belief that her ethnic group is superior to all others that she could accurately be described as being

A)prejudiced.
B)discriminatory.
C)ethnocentric.
D)arrogant.

Question 21

When others expect us to perform poorly and our anxiety causes us to confirm their belief,we have reacted to

A)a stereotype threat.
B)subtyping.
C)an outgroup bias.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 22

People in the numerical minority tend to be

A)Numerically overestimated by the majority.
B)Numerically overestimated by the minority.
C)Numerically underestimated by the majority.
D)Numerically underestimated by the minority.

Question 23

What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice?

A)People with high self-image tend to be more prejudiced.
B)People with low self-image tend to be more prejudiced.
C)There is no connection found between a person's self-image and their level of prejudice.
D)The connection between a person's self-image and their level of prejudice is a weak one.

Question 24

Mr.Wong,a high school teacher,tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and thus make better speeches than girls do.The girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class.The girls are experiencing

A)a stereotype threat.
B)the just-world phenomenon.
C)the scapegoating effect.
D)personal/group discrimination discrepancy.

Question 25

Mary tells you that she thinks the reason people live in poverty is because they are lazy.Mary's thinking is an example of the _______ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 26

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Categorization can provide useful information about people with minimum effort.
B)It is easy to resist categorizing people into groups.
C)Categorization provides no cognitive foundation for prejudice.
D)Categorization always leads to discrimination.

Question 27

Linking _______ with virtue and _______ with moral failure enables fortunate people to feel pride,and enables unfortunate people to avoid responsibility.

A)good fortune;misfortune
B)misfortune;good fortune
C)wealth;poverty
D)poverty;wealth

Question 28

found that a Black in an otherwise White group,a man in an otherwise female group,or a woman in an otherwise male group seem

A)less prominent than the others in the group.
B)less influential.
C)to be uninvolved in the group.
D)more prominent and influential.

Question 29

The tendency for people to believe that individuals get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called the _______ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 30

Betty and Tina,both third-graders in the same classroom,are assigned by their teacher to different groups that will compete in a spelling bee.Betty and Tina each believe that their own group is composed of the better spellers.The girls' beliefs best illustrates

A)the just-world phenomenon.
B)an ingroup bias.
C)the fundamental attribution error.
D)an outgroup bias.

Question 31

Your new roommate introduces himself as having an Irish and Tahitian background.You are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as

A)Irish.
B)Tahitian.
C)both Irish and Tahitian.
D)your roommate.

Question 32

Your co-worker tells you that she has both a pet snake and a pet dog at home.You are most likely to describe her to new office employees as a

A)snake owner.
B)dog owner.
C)both a snake owner and a dog owner.
D)co-worker.

Question 33

The phrase "they are all alike,but we are diverse" reflects

A)an outgroup bias.
B)the outgroup homogeneity effect.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)a categorization bias.

Question 34

Jeremy's belief that earthquake victims are being punished by God for their own sins best illustrates

A)Gause's law.
B)the just-world phenomenon.
C)an ingroup bias.
D)stereotype vulnerability.

Question 35

had women who falsely believed that they appeared disfigured by theatrical makeup interact with a female partner.Results indicated that women who thought they were disfigured

A)interacted for a longer period of time with their partners.
B)interacted for a shorter period of time with their partners.
C)rated their partners as more tense,distant,and patronizing.
D)rated their partners as warmer,more open,and friendlier.

Question 36

The just-world phenomenon may lead us to believe that an unemployed person is

A)the victim of discrimination.
B)lazy.
C)in need of sympathy.
D)in need of a retraining program.

Question 37

_____ tends to lead to modest change in stereotypes because stereotypes become more differentiated.

A)Subgrouping
B)Stereotype threat
C)The just-world phenomenon
D)Ethnocentrism

Question 38

Assuming that sick people are responsible for their illnesses is an example of the _______ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 39

Linking good fortune with virtue and misfortune with moral failure enables fortunate people to feel pride and enables unfortunate people to avoid responsibility.This is an example of the _______ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 40

The just-world phenomenon can lead people to think that

A)the winners of a lottery actually deserved their good fortune.
B)sick people are not responsible for their illness.
C)poor people deserve better.
D)rape victims acted in a provocative manner.

Question 41

Discuss how the group definition of who you are (i.e. ,your race,religion,gender,academic major,etc... )may promote an ingroup bias.

Question 42

Explain how a belief in the just-world phenomena might affect social services for people in poverty.

Question 43

Review the research on how distinctiveness can breed stereotypes.