Question 1

Describe an example of how the actor-observer difference could play a role in racist beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary

Question 2

Researchers randomly assigned participants to play the part of either a quiz game contestant or the host,while other participants merely observed the game.Results indicated that&#10;A)both contestants and observers thought the hosts were more knowledgeable than the contestants.&#10;B)both contestants and observers thought the contestants were more knowledgeable than the hosts.&#10;C)observers thought the hosts were more knowledgeable,but contestants attributed the outcomes to the situation.&#10;D)hosts thought themselves more knowledgeable,but contestants attributed the outcomes to the situation.

Accepted Answer

both contestants and observers thought the hosts were more knowledgeable than the contestants.

Question 3

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict both your behavior and your friend's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary

Question 4

,voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the _______ the day after a presidential election,and to the _______ a year after the election.&#10;A)poor weather on election day;candidate's oral presentation skills&#10;B)candidate's oral presentation skills;poor weather on election day&#10;C)candidate's personal traits and positions;nation's economy&#10;D)nation's economy;candidate's personal traits and positions

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about voters' attribution of election outcomes, first on the day after the election and then a year later. Choice C is the most likely answer because voters are more likely to attribute election outcomes to candidates' personal traits and positions immediately after the election, but a year later, they are more likely to attribute it to the nation's economy. This is because the economy is a more long-term factor that can influence public opinion over time. Choices A and B are unlikely because they both focus on factors that are not as significant as candidates' positions and personal traits. Choice D is also unlikely because voters are more likely to attribute election outcomes to candidate-related factors rather than the economy a year later.

Question 5

found that voters were more likely to attribute the outcome of an election to the candidate's personal traits and positions the day after a presidential election,and to the nation's economy a year after the election.This represents which of the following explanations for the fundamental attribution error?

A)actor-observer difference
B)camera perspective bias
C)changing perspectives trend
D)self-awareness phenomenon

Accepted Answer

Changing perspectives trend

Question 6

In _______ cultures,people are less likely to perceive others in terms of personal dispositions.&#10;A)individualistic&#10;B)collectivistic&#10;C)religious&#10;D)secular

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures prioritize the needs and interests of the group over the individual, therefore individuals are more likely to be perceived in terms of their social roles and relationships instead of personal dispositions. In contrast, individualistic cultures prioritize the independence and uniqueness of individuals, leading to a greater emphasis on personal traits and characteristics. Religious and secular are not relevant categorizations for this question.

Question 7

,participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview.The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine when they viewed the confession&#10;A)live.&#10;B)through a two-way mirror.&#10;C)through a camera focused on the suspect.&#10;D)through a camera focused on the detective.

Accepted Answer

Participants were more likely to perceive the confession as genuine when they viewed it through a camera focused on the suspect. This suggests that the proximity and focus on the suspect's behavior played a role in their perception of the confession's authenticity. Viewing through a two-way mirror or a camera focused on the detective may have created more distance and less focus on the suspect's behavior, leading to less perceived genuineness of the confession. Viewing the confession live may have also been effective, but this was not specifically tested in the study.

Question 8

People in Western cultures are more inclined to assume that others' behaviors&#10;A)reflect inner traits.&#10;B)are caused by the situation.&#10;C)do not reflect inner traits.&#10;D)do not cause events.

Accepted Answer

This is based on the fundamental attribution error, which is the tendency to overemphasize internal traits as the cause of behavior, and underestimate situational factors. This concept has been shown to be more prevalent in Western cultures compared to Eastern cultures.

Question 9

Provide an example of the fundamental attribution error,and be sure to explain why the error is considered &#34;fundamental.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of the fundamental attribution...

Question 10

reported that&#10;A)participants were able to differentiate opinions that were chosen from those that were assigned.&#10;B)even when they knew that the position was assigned,participants still reported that the feelings articulated in the essays reflected the authors' true opinions.&#10;C)participants believed that all authors were against Castro's policies regardless of what they wrote.&#10;D)participants believed that all authors were for Castro's policies regardless of what they wrote.

Accepted Answer

The passage indicates that even when participants knew that the position was assigned, they still believed that the feelings articulated in the essays reflected the authors' true opinions. This suggests that participants may have difficulty separating the assigned position from the author's true feelings. Choices A, C, and D are not supported by the information given in the passage.

Question 11

Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that&#10;A)offer more direct support to the poor.&#10;B)are unsympathetic to the poor.&#10;C)tend to blame the poor for their problems.&#10;D)are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who make situational attributions regarding poverty...

Question 12

,participants observed a suspect confessing during a police interview.The results indicated that participants were more likely to perceive the confession as coerced when they viewed the confession&#10;A)live.&#10;B)through a two-way mirror.&#10;C)through a camera focused on the suspect.&#10;D)through a camera focused on the detective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ,participants observed a suspect confessing during a...

Question 13

Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as she cowers in her oppressive home is an example of how we often&#10;A)focus on internal traits.&#10;B)ignore temporary moods.&#10;C)forget about situational influences.&#10;D)notice public and private behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inferring that Cinderella is truly meek as...

Question 14

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that&#10;A)offer more direct support to the poor.&#10;B)are unsympathetic to the poor.&#10;C)tend to blame the poor for their problems.&#10;D)are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty...

Question 15

According to the text,observers tend to attribute a person's behavior to _______ the more that time passes.&#10;A)the situation&#10;B)his or her personal characteristics&#10;C)both the situation and his or her personal characteristics&#10;D)neither the situation nor his or her personal characteristics

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,observers tend to attribute...

Question 16

We tend to underestimate the situational determinants of others' behavior but not our own because we observe others from a different perspective than we observe ourselves.This is known as the&#10;A)actor-observer difference.&#10;B)camera perspective bias.&#10;C)changing perspectives trend.&#10;D)self-awareness phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We tend to underestimate the situational determinants...

Question 17

analysis of research on the actor-observer difference,we are more likely to attribute our behavior to the situation when&#10;A)we act badly.&#10;B)we fail.&#10;C)we act intentionally.&#10;D)we act admirably.

Accepted Answer

The answer of analysis of research on the actor-observer difference,we...

Question 18

What commands our attention as we shop for groceries each week is the environment around us,such as the number of people in front of us at the checkout counter.Yet when we watch another person's behavior at the grocery store,he or she,rather than the environment,occupies the center of our attention.As a result,we tend to engage in the attribution error.That is we are irritable because the lines are long,but the other person is cantankerous because he or she is an unhappy person.What explanation below best explains this use of the fundamental attribution error?

A)actor-observer difference
B)camera perspective bias
C)changing perspectives trend
D)self-awareness phenomenon

Accepted Answer

The answer of What commands our attention as we shop...

Deck 6: The Fundamental Attribution Error