Deck 5: C: Culture

Question 1

The beliefs,behaviours,and material objects shared and passed on from one generation to the next constitute a group's

A)idealizations.
B)materialized norms.
C)normative structures.
D)culture.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The idea that culture develops as people interact with each other and share meanings and experiences suggests that

A)culture is human.
B)culture is learned.
C)culture is shared.
D)culture is transmitted.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

To distinguish cultures,most researchers consider this to be the key identifier of group boundaries.

A)Laws
B)Material culture
C)Language
D)Taboos

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Individuals being constantly immersed in traditions by their parents,siblings,and peers exemplify which major tenet of culture?

A)Culture is learned.
B)Culture is human.
C)Culture is cumulative.
D)Culture is shared.

Question 5

Sociologically,what type of norm does "jaywalking" in Canada violate?

A)More
B)Folkway
C)Taboo
D)Rule

Question 6

Which is not a stage of culture shock as proposed by Oberg?

A)Honeymoon
B)Crisis
C)Recovery
D)Readjustment

Question 7

Which statement does not support the importance of language to culture?

A)With the loss of language,culture strengthens.
B)Language and culture are intertwined.
C)When language dies,so does culture.
D)Language is essential for passing along cultural myths,folk songs,legends,poetry,and systems of belief.

Question 8

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that

A)culture is important for how we interpret the world.
B)language determines what individuals can think.
C)what we are able to think,experience,and imagine is influenced by culture.
D)language does not determine thought.

Question 9

The type of orientation that appreciates the intrinsic worth of all cultures and emphasizes the importance of evaluating and understanding cultural practices on their own terms is called

A)cultural pluralism.
B)cultural relativism.
C)cultural ethnocentrism.
D)culture shock.

Question 10

When visiting a foreign country,you constantly compare your culture with the culture you are visiting.You come up with the conclusion that the culture you are visiting "has it all wrong." This is an example of

A)cultural relativism.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)culture shock.
D)cultural superiority.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a defining feature of culture?

A)Culture is learned.
B)Culture is shared.
C)Culture is transmitted.
D)Culture is human and non-human.

Question 12

The experience of culture shock typically subsides once a person

A)acclimatizes to the new culture.
B)is able to "tune out" the new culture.
C)becomes immune to the new culture.
D)undergoes a conversion experience.

Question 13

___________ refer(s)to something that stands for something else,whereas _____________ is/are a system of rules and meanings that govern speech.

A)Material culture;non-material culture
B)Language;symbols
C)Symbols;language
D)Culture;language

Question 14

Norms refer to

A)standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable,acceptable or unacceptable.
B)culturally defined rules that outline appropriate behaviours for a society's members.
C)informal rules that do not inspire severe moral condemnation.
D)something that is formalized under the law.

Question 15

Folkways refer to

A)standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable,acceptable or unacceptable.
B)culturally defined rules that outline appropriate behaviours for a society's members.
C)informal norms that do not inspire severe moral condemnation.
D)something that is formalized under the law.

Question 16

What does the following statement suggest about language: "My language,to me ...that's what makes me unique,that's what makes me Navajo,that's what makes me who I am"?

A)Language is personal.
B)Language is a key identifier of culture.
C)Culture is unique from language.
D)Language is not important for the survival of a culture.

Question 17

Values refer to

A)standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable,acceptable or unacceptable.
B)culturally defined rules that outline appropriate behaviours for a society's members.
C)informal norms that do not inspire severe moral condemnation.
D)something that is formalized under the law.

Question 18

Of the nearly 7000 languages that exist in the world today,approximately _____percent are in danger of extinction within the next 100 years.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)75

Question 19

Knowing that all cultures have intrinsic worth and should not be judged based on one's own culture-specific values and beliefs best reflects the principles of

A)cultural relativism.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)culture shock.
D)cultural superiority.

Question 20

______________ refer to norms that are formally defined and enacted in legislation,whereas _______________ refer to anything that rewards appropriate behaviours or penalizes inappropriate ones.

A)Norms;mores
B)Sanctions;laws
C)Laws;folkways
D)Laws;sanctions

Question 21

A group within a population whose values,norms,folkways,or mores set it apart from the mainstream culture is known as a

A)subaltern culture.
B)subversive culture.
C)subculture.
D)counterculture.

Question 22

Regardless of culture or ethnic background,this ideal is becoming one of the world's defining criteria for beauty.

A)Thinness
B)Voluptuousness
C)Vulnerability
D)Tallness

Question 23

What are Whorf's two principals for how language and perception interact?

A)Linguistic determinism and linguistic relativism
B)Language and symbols
C)Perceiving and talking
D)Linguistic determinism and cultural relativism

Question 24

____________ are common features that all known societies are believed to share.

A)Cultural traits
B)Universal characteristics
C)Cultural universals
D)Universal cultural features

Question 25

A sociologist coming from this theoretical tradition would be most interested in studying the cultural significance of the universal regulation of sexuality through the incest taboo.

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Socialist-feminism

Question 26

When something previously unrecognized or understood is found to have social or cultural applications,this is known as

A)diffusion.
B)innovation.
C)discovery.
D)reinvention.

Question 27

Symbolic interactionsists would argue that culture

A)is actively created through ongoing interactions between people.
B)is the result of those in power defining a society's system of beliefs.
C)is functional for society.
D)is something that is objectively observable.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the nature of culture is true?

A)While initially cultures might seem quite different,most cultures are actually quite similar underneath.
B)Some cultures can be judged as superior to other cultures.
C)People are born with an innate understanding of their native culture.
D)Culture develops as people interact and share experiences and meaning with one another.

Question 29

Kanye is conducting a study considering the ways in which the category of "minority status" gets constituted through negotiated social interaction.He is most likely to be influenced by this sociological theorist:

A)Marx
B)Smith
C)Blumer
D)Parsons

Question 30

Which of the following is not correct? According to Lipset,Canadians are more ________________ than Americans.

A)elitist and ascriptive
B)community oriented
C)religious
D)appreciative of racial and ethnic variation

Question 31

A sociologist from this tradition is most likely to assert the following: "Social policy advocating the assimilation of a unique minority group is an abuse of power and a demonstration of the dominant culture's attempt to absorb a less powerful one."

A)Functionalist
B)Conflict theorist
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Symbolic functionalist

Question 32

Sociologists suggest that culture has five defining features.Which of these features best exemplifies the fact that many cultures use storytelling to pass on the lessons and experiences of their ancestors?

A)Culture is a human experience.
B)Culture is a shared experience.
C)Culture is transmitted.
D)Culture is cumulative.

Question 33

According to ___________,those who hold power define and perpetuate a culture's value system.

A)conflict theorists
B)functionalists
C)symbolic interactionists
D)post-modernists

Question 34

Discovery,invention,and diffusion all inspire

A)cultural innovation.
B)social revolution.
C)cultural change.
D)cultural assimilation.

Question 35

____________ refers to the component of nonverbal body language that uses personal contact (touching)to convey meaning.

A)Body language
B)Haptics
C)Proximity
D)Locomotion

Question 36

In his book Continental Divide (1990),Lipset argues that Canadians are more elitist and ______________ than Americans.

A)rebellious
B)self-centred
C)individualistic
D)community minded

Question 37

The process by which environmental pressures are addressed through changes in practices,traditions,and behaviours as a way of maintaining stability and equilibrium is known as cultural

A)transformation.
B)insularity.
C)adaptation.
D)innovation.

Question 38

The purpose of the residential school system was

A)to provide Aboriginals with a proper education.
B)to assimilate Aboriginals into the dominant society
C)to preserve Aboriginal culture in a school system.
D)to ensure all children got a proper education.

Question 39

According to Lipset,what was the primordial event that generated the different founding ideologies of Canada and the United States?

A)Battle on the Plains of Abraham
B)The American Revolution
C)Multiculturalism
D)Riel Rebellion

Question 40

In the 2005 Canadian Values Study,approximately __ percent of Canadians said they believe in God.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)89

Question 41

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

A)people experience four stages of culture shock when exposed to new surroundings.
B)what we are able to think,experience,and imagine is influenced by our language.
C)non-verbal communication is just as important culturally as verbal communication.
D)there are 20 language hotspots existing in the world today.

Question 42

Subcultures

A)are groups within a population that are sanctioned and discriminated against by the mainstream culture.
B)are groups within a population that dress similarly,eat the same foods,and speak a distinct language.
C)arise when groups within the population are dissatisfied with the living conditions in mainstream society.
D)are groups within a population whose values,norms,folkways,or mores set them apart from the mainstream culture.

Question 43

Which of the following actions would best represent a violation of social mores?

A)J-walking
B)Having an affair
C)Driving slowly in the passing lane
D)Wearing white to a wedding

Question 44

Darryl goes to the grocery store to buy some bananas and a magazine.After paying for his purchases,the cashier serving him tells him to "have a nice day." "You too," he replies,as he leaves the cashier's till.What aspect of culture did Darryl just experience?

A)A cultural more
B)A sanction
C)A cultural folkway
D)A cultural law

Question 45

According to Oberg,in what order do people experience the four stages of culture shock?

A)Crisis,recovery,adjustment,and honeymoon
B)Honeymoon,crisis,recovery,and adjustment
C)Crisis,adjustment,recovery,and honeymoon
D)Honeymoon,adjustment,crisis,and recovery

Question 46

Do animals possess the ability to experience culture?

A)Yes,as they are able to communicate with one another.
B)Yes,as animals pass on important survival skills to their young.
C)No,because animals communicate with one another through instinct.
D)No,because animals do not possess the intelligence to create culture.

Question 47

What does sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset mean by his assertion that Canadians are more ascriptive than Americans?

A)Canadians are more inclined to accept that people are born with different statuses.
B)Canadians are less inclined to accept that people are born with different statuses.
C)Canadians are more community oriented than Americans.
D)Canadians are less community oriented than Americans.

Question 48

Which of the following is the best example of a symbol?

A)The English language
B)The letter q
C)The word hungry
D)Culturally agreed upon systems through which people communicate

Question 49

Which of the following is not an example of a way in which the United States and Canada are distinct?

A)The United States has a far more developed military than Canada.
B)Canadian policy advocates the idea of cultural pluralism,whereas the United States considers itself to be a cultural melting pot.
C)Canadians are more likely to believe in God than Americans.
D)American literature tends to emphasize its victories and successes,while Canadian literature focuses more on defeat.

Question 50

What best describes cultural adaptation?

A)A step-by-step process in which one becomes ethnocentric
B)The process by which environmental pressures are addressed through changes in practices,traditions,and behaviours as a way of maintaining stability and equilibrium
C)A process by which one reaches a state of cultural relativism
D)A standard by which people define what is desirable or undesirable

Question 51

Why is ethnocentrism inconsistent with the sociological perspective?

A)Because ethnocentrism instills a sense of pride in one's culture
B)Because ethnocentrism can lead to intense culture shock
C)Because sociological training makes one immune to ethnocentrism
D)Because ethnocentrism restricts one's ability to appreciate cultural diversity

Question 52

Which one of the following is an example of a violation of a more that does not violate the law?

A)Marrying your sibling
B)Having an affair
C)Driving without due care and attention
D)Prostitution

Question 53

Which of the following is not an example of cultural diffusion?

A)A Celtic band from Newfoundland plays a concert in a small town in Alberta.
B)Matthew,a teenager living in Toronto,realizes that most of his favourite music groups are Canadian.
C)Angeline,an Italian-Canadian,is taught how to make lasagna by her grandfather.
D)Rob,a Canadian living in Vancouver,starts to attend yoga classes after reading a book about Buddhist meditation.

Question 54

Which of the following is not an example of Canadian material culture?

A)Textbooks
B)Hockey sticks
C)Clothes that are worn by Canadians but manufactured in other countries
D)Songs performed by Canadian artists

Question 55

Which of the following are/were not members of a counterculture?

A)Residents of Vancouver's Chinatown
B)Puritans who lived in seventeenth-century England
C)American draft dodgers who came to Canada during the Vietnam War
D)Members of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club

Question 56

Which of the following statements about norms is not true?

A)Sanctions are those norms for which people are punished for breaking laws.
B)Laws are a particular kind of norm.
C)Norms help people know how to act in given social situations.
D)Informal norms that do not inspire moral condemnation are referred to as folkways.

Question 57

The idea that language determines thought,often referred to as __________________,was hypothesized by researchers _________________.

A)linguistic symbolism,Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf
B)linguistic determinism,Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf
C)linguistic symbolism,Lee Oberg and Rinaldo Walcott
D)linguistic determinism,Lee Oberg and Rinaldo Walcott

Question 58

Miranda recently moved to San Francisco from a small town in Saskatchewan.She is thrilled to be so close to the ocean,finds the locals extremely friendly,and is having a wonderful time trying new restaurants and seeing new things.Which stage of Oberg's model of culture shock is Miranda experiencing?

A)Honeymoon
B)Crisis
C)Recovery
D)Adjustment

Question 59

Which of the following statements about language is not true?

A)Language and culture develop separately and distinctly from one another.
B)Culture and language are mutually dependent on one another.
C)Language is socially constructed.
D)Language is a shared system of rules and meanings that governs the interpretation of speech.

Question 60

Matthew recently started university in a large city far away from the small town where he grew up.He is having a difficult time feeling "at home" in his new surroundings,he misses his friends,and he feels lonely.Which of the following phenomena is Matthew experiencing?

A)Cultural adjustment
B)Culture shock
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Cultural insecurity

Question 61

Canada becoming the fourth country in the world to legalize gay marriage represents our country's

A)material culture.
B)norms.
C)values.
D)sanctions.

Question 62

The behaviours for which Canadians are so well-known (and loved)globally-politeness and apologizing-are examples of what?

A)Material culture
B)Norms
C)Values
D)Sanctions

Question 63

The increasing number of American stores dominating the Canadian shopping landscape is an example of which form of cultural change?

A)Diffusion
B)Invention/innovation
C)Discovery
D)Cultural adaptation

Question 64

The movement and increasing acceptance toward legalization of marijuana for recreational use in Canada is an example of

A)cultural relativism.
B)cultural adaptation.
C)cultural diffusion.
D)cultural innovation.

Question 65

Driving through Richmond,BC,and becoming increasingly annoyed and irritated by the lack of English-language signs and businesses is an example of which stage of Oberg's model of culture shock?

A)Honeymoon
B)Crisis
C)Recovery
D)Adjustment

Question 66

Assuming that native Aboriginal-language speakers are unable to perceive the same reality as those who do not speak their language because of the close ties their language has to the natural world is an example of

A)linguistic determinism.
B)linguistic relativism.
C)cultural relativism.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 67

Promoting changes to the Canadian immigration system to recognize new immigrants' training and education and thus give them a better chance for social mobility represents which sociological approach to culture and culture change?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminism

Question 68

Tammy is annoyed with James's response to her text so she decides not to text him back right away,making him wait for her reply.This is an example of what component of nonverbal communication?

A)Vocalics
B)Haptics
C)Oculesics
D)Chronemics

Question 69

Studying how members of different minority groups in Canada interact with one another and thus assign each other social status represents which sociological approach to culture and culture change?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminism

Question 70

The critical view of other cultures that some Americans display while travelling and that earns them a less than positive reputation in many places in the world can be described as

A)American Tourism Syndrome.
B)cultural relativism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)culture shock.

Question 71

Understanding such cultural practices as polygamy and child marriage while not actually accepting or condoning them is an important aspect of

A)cultural adaptation.
B)cultural relativism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)culture shock.

Question 72

Which of the following would not be considered a cultural universal?

A)Artistic expression
B)Death rituals
C)Marriage
D)Education

Question 73

Not wearing white to a wedding so that you do not compete with the bride would be considered a _______________ within Canadian culture.

A)sanction
B)more
C)value
D)folkway

Question 74

Canadians' general feelings about pedophilia and child abuse represent our adherence to common

A)sanctions.
B)mores.
C)values.
D)folkways.

Question 75

The behaviour that most Canadians display when lining up-walking to the end of the line ,standing and politely waiting their turn rather than pushing and shoving to the front-is an example of

A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)cultural transmission.
D)cultural sanctions.