Deck 16: C: Work and the Political Economy

Question 1

Sociologists divide the various jobs in the contemporary economy into three sectors: primary,secondary,and

A)part-time.
B)contingent.
C)tertiary.
D)functionary.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is not consistent with the discussion of economy as discussed in the text?

A)It is a social arrangement that organizes the production of goods.
B)It is a social arrangement that distributes goods.
C)It is a social arrangement that organizes the consumption of goods.
D)It is a social arrangement with the capitalist economy at the peak of the economic hierarchy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Employment within a "profession" is characterized by social prestige,specialized knowledge,and

A)democratic decision-making practices.
B)unprecedented hierarchy.
C)substantial vacation time.
D)regulation by a governing body.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This economic system is based on the use of non-animate sources of energy,such as steam and fossil fuels.

A)Horticulturalism
B)Capitalism
C)Pastoralism
D)Industrialization

Question 5

The shift to part-time work is the result of all of the following except

A)rising educational requirements for jobs.
B)increasing numbers of women in the workforce.
C)a shift toward jobs in the service industries.
D)a decrease in the need for people to stay in school longer.

Question 6

Taken together,the social arrangements that organize the production,distribution,and consumption of goods in a society constitute its

A)goods and services.
B)economy.
C)private sector.
D)primary economy.

Question 7

What are post-industrial societies characterized by?

A)An economic system based on knowledge-based activities and the service sector
B)An economic system based on using non-animate courses of energy
C)An economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
D)An economic system based on tending herds of large animals

Question 8

___________ labour market jobs refer to jobs that provide stable and comfortable salaries,potential for growth,and promotion.

A)Secondary
B)Primary
C)Tertiary
D)McJobs

Question 9

What are horticultural societies characterized by?

A)A subsistence pattern of living whereby small nomadic groups lightly exploit animal and plant foods for immediate consumption
B)An economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
C)An economic system based on tending herds of large animals
D)An economic system that employs plow technology

Question 10

This theorist developed the concept of the "McDonaldization" of society.

A)Smith
B)Weber
C)Ritzer
D)Marx

Question 11

Which trend is not consistent with labour force participation and education levels in Canada?

A)The education level of Canadian workers has steadily increased over the past few decades.
B)The Canadian labour market has become increasingly knowledge-intensive.
C)Over the past 15 years,university-educated workers have enjoyed the greatest employment growth compared to those with less than high school education,who suffered the greatest employment decline.
D)According to Canadian statistics,staying in school provides limited protection against unemployment.

Question 12

Which approach views work as an integral part of the social structure?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Feminism
D)Symbolic interactionism

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of Canadian workers is unionized today?

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 14

Since the 1960s,the growth of information technology,global communications media,the service sector,global consumerism,integrated financial markets,and cultural pluralism have all contributed to which general social process?

A)Industrialization
B)Re-industrialization
C)Neo-industrialization
D)Post-industrialization

Question 15

What are pastoral societies characterized by?

A)A subsistence pattern of living whereby small nomadic groups lightly exploit animal and plant foods for immediate consumption
B)An economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
C)An economic system based on tending herds of large animals
D)An economic system that employs plow technology

Question 16

What are hunting and gathering societies characterized by?

A)A subsistence pattern of living whereby small nomadic groups lightly exploit animal and plant foods for immediate consumption
B)An economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
C)An economic system based on tending herds of large animals
D)An economic system that employs plow technology

Question 17

Bifurcated consciousness,as discussed in the text,refers to

A)an experience where you realize what you do is the same as who you are.
B)experiences organized textually.
C)living in one world.
D)living in two worlds,one of which is organized as textually independent of everyday experiences.

Question 18

Your sociology professor works in which sector of the labour market?

A)Primary
B)Tertiary
C)Secondary
D)Post-industrial

Question 19

The most visible change brought about by agriculture was

A)population growth.
B)social inequality.
C)a gendered division of labour.
D)the rise of farm culture.

Question 20

What are agricultural societies characterized by?

A)A subsistence pattern of living whereby small nomadic groups lightly exploit animal and plant foods for immediate consumption
B)An economic system based on domesticating animals and plants
C)An economic system based on tending herds of large animals
D)An economic system that employs plow technology

Question 21

Canada's electoral system is based upon this general principle.

A)First past the post
B)Proportional representation
C)Rule over the many by the few
D)Rule of the few by the many

Question 22

The essence of a socialist economic system is

A)collective ownership of the means of production.
B)group think.
C)state-subsidized health care.
D)high taxes.

Question 23

_____________ refers to a rational organization designed to complete many routine tasks as efficiently as possible.

A)Politics
B)A corporation
C)Bureaucracy
D)State machinery

Question 24

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of bureaucracy as described by Weber?

A)An extensive division of labour
B)The pervasive use of texts to organize bureaucratic processes
C)A hierarchy of authority
D)A limited amount of written policies and procedures for workers and customers/clients

Question 25

__________ refers to the exercise of power over a group of people to direct them to comply with specific commands.

A)Power
B)Domination
C)Politics
D)Authority

Question 26

Critical analysis of how,and with what consequences,the category of "problem" worker gets applied to particular persons in a work setting would most likely be taken up by a sociologist influenced by which theorist?

A)Durkheim
B)Marx
C)Smith
D)Foucault

Question 27

Which approach looks beyond economics and market relationships to consider the limitations imposed by capitalist ideology?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Feminism
D)Symbolic interactionism

Question 28

Holding down two jobs,taking care of your elderly parents,and shuffling your teenage children to sporting events is an example of

A)multi-tasking.
B)super-mom syndrome.
C)bifurcated consciousness.
D)economic participation.

Question 29

In classical Marxian analysis,because the proletariat do not own the means of production,they are forced to ____________________ the bourgeoisie.

A)accept the legitimate authority of
B)sell their labour power to
C)pretend to like
D)emulate

Question 30

In Durkheim's analysis,worker integration could be achieved in developed economies through the creation of

A)human resource management.
B)sociable events.
C)occupational groups.
D)support groups and organized counselling.

Question 31

This concept refers to the general endeavour to gain and maintain control of the state apparatus.

A)Political economy
B)Power mongering
C)Lobbying
D)Politics

Question 32

When a subordinated people recognize a leader as having legitimacy,according to Weber,that leader can be said to have

A)power.
B)authority.
C)charisma.
D)rational power.

Question 33

Subsistence groups are generally composed of

A)50 to 75 persons.
B)25 to 75 persons.
C)25 to 50 persons.
D)50 to 100 persons.

Question 34

Economy refers to

A)forms of exchange.
B)participation in local organized markets.
C)production,distribution,and consumption of goods.
D)farming,cottage industry,political economy.

Question 35

A defining feature of this type of legal entity is that it is not beholden to any particular country,nor to any moral or ethical standard.

A)Bureaucracy
B)Corporation
C)Dictator
D)Cabinet

Question 36

_________ refers to the interactions of politics,governments,and governing,and the social and cultural constitution of markets,institutions,and actors.

A)The state
B)Market capitalism
C)Political economy
D)Neo-liberalism

Question 37

A political-economic system that combines free-market principles with varying degrees of social welfare programs is known as

A)socialist capitalism.
B)state/welfare capitalism.
C)free-market state capitalism.
D)communist capitalism.

Question 38

All of the following are major tenets of conflict theorists' understanding of work except:

A)Human beings achieve their potential through labour.
B)Workers are exploited.
C)The proletariat do not own the means of production;they are forced to sell their labour to the bourgeoisie.
D)An individual's ambition will inevitably lead to success.

Question 39

_______ analyzed authority and power.This individual viewed power as the ability to achieve one's desire in the face of resistance or objection from others.

A)Weber
B)Marx
C)Polanyi
D)Lukes

Question 40

Which of the following is not consistent with Aboriginal self-government?

A)The Charter of Rights and Freedoms recognizes and confirms Aboriginal rights.
B)A Royal Commission on Aboriginal peoples found that Aboriginal peoples in Canada have the inherent right to govern themselves.
C)The government sought greater autonomy for Aboriginal people with the establishment of Prince Edward Island.
D)Aboriginal issues will remain important areas of political debate for many years to come.

Question 41

An economic system that employs technology is known as

A)pastoralism.
B)horticulturalism.
C)agriculture.
D)industrialization.

Question 42

_______ is an economic system based on domesticating animals and plants.

A)Horticulturalism
B)Pastoralism
C)Agriculture
D)Farming

Question 43

Which economic system collectively owns both resources and manpower?

A)State/welfare capitalism
B)Socialism
C)Communism
D)Capitalism

Question 44

In 2014 part-time workers represented

A)29 percent of all jobs in the Canadian economy.
B)24 percent of all jobs in the Canadian economy.
C)19 percent of all jobs in the Canadian economy.
D)15 percent of all jobs in the Canadian economy.

Question 45

Post-industrialization is a term recognizing that social institutions and social life have been fundamentally reorganized since the late

A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.

Question 46

____________ stated that Aboriginal land rights required the signing of treaties.

A)The 1867 Constitution Act
B)The 1987 Meech Lake Accord
C)The 1763 Royal Proclamation
D)The 1876 Indian Act

Question 47

Social inequality was accelerated by

A)agriculture.
B)industrialization.
C)specialization.
D)horticulturalism.

Question 48

Who outlined two types of horticulturalist societies?

A)Clifton
B)Sodikoff
C)Childe
D)Lenski

Question 49

Part-time employment rates in Canada rose to nearly___________ percent in 2014.

A)12
B)19
C)25
D)30

Question 50

Which subsistence pattern has been in use for the longest part of human history?

A)Pastoralism
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Horticulturalism
D)Agriculture

Question 51

____________ is defined as an institution that maintains a monopoly over the legitimate use of force within a given territory.

A)Rational-legal authority
B)Authority
C)State
D)Political economy

Question 52

Which of the following is not one of the four broad political systems found in the world today?

A)Monarchies
B)Authoritarian regimes
C)Totalitarian systems
D)Socialist systems

Question 53

Durkheim referred to his idea of healthy individualism as

A)organic solidarity.
B)mechanical solidarity.
C)anomie.
D)collective conscious.

Question 54

Jobs that pay well and become careers are referred to as being in the

A)primary labour market.
B)primary sector.
C)secondary labour market.
D)secondary sector.

Question 55

In 1969 the federal government released its White Paper on Indian policy,which

A)advocated for more social services being extended to Aboriginal groups.
B)granted Aboriginal self-government.
C)confirmed the government's fiduciary responsibility over First Nations people.
D)advocated the termination of special status for Aboriginal people.

Question 56

Which of the following was not one of the important changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution?

A)New sources of power
B)Centralization of work
C)Mass production
D)Mass consumption

Question 57

Members of minority groups are often found in

A)primary labour market jobs.
B)primary sector jobs.
C)secondary labour market jobs.
D)secondary sector jobs.

Question 58

Groups formed by workers within certain industries are referred to as

A)labour unions.
B)occupational groups.
C)organic solidarity.
D)human resource management.

Question 59

Door to door energy sales is an example of

A)post-industrialization.
B)the secondary labour market.
C)the primary labour market.
D)professions.

Question 60

Milpa or swidden is also known as

A)shifting cultivation.
B)rubbish piles.
C)midden heaps.
D)crop rotation.

Question 61

Jesus Christ,believed by his followers to be the son of God,would be an example of

A)domination.
B)traditional authority.
C)rational-legal authority.
D)charismatic authority.

Question 62

Before contact with Europeans,the economic system of Canada's Northwest Coast Aboriginal peoples,with their strong cultural art form and traditions,complex authority structure,and semi-nomadic lifestyle,which necessitated following the food cycle for harvesting season and living in permanent settlements in the winter,would be classified as

A)pastoralism.
B)hunting and gathering.
C)horticulturalism.
D)agricultural.

Question 63

Sam works on a crab-fishing boat in northern British Columbia.The crab-fishing season is only six months long so the rest of the year he collects unemployment insurance.He is employed in the

A)tertiary sector.
B)primary sector.
C)secondary sector.
D)professional sector.

Question 64

Communes are often operated on the principle that all decisions are made by consensus in order to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to be heard.This is an example of

A)participatory democracy.
B)constitutional monarchy.
C)representative democracy.
D)Dictatorship.

Question 65

The Northwest Coast Aboriginal peoples' system of hereditary leadership would be considered a form of

A)domination.
B)traditional authority.
C)rational-legal authority.
D)charismatic authority.

Question 66

Mandy is self-employed;she cleans houses for a living.She works in the

A)tertiary sector.
B)primary sector.
C)secondary sector.
D)professional sector.

Question 67

Justine works for a large clothing retailer greeting customers and folding merchandise.Other than management,the company hires only part-time employees and pays only minimum wage with no benefits.Justine works in the

A)secondary sector.
B)primary labour market.
C)primary sector.
D)secondary labour market.

Question 68

Veronica lives in a country whose government was recently overthrown in a military coup,and is now in the process of re-establishing order under the new leaders.This is an example of

A)a dictatorship.
B)a totalitarian system.
C)an absolute monarchy.
D)a military junta.

Question 69

The funeral of former North Korean leader Kim Jong-il was highly choreographed,with citizens being instructed to "show their grief" while being carefully watched by neighbours and state-controlled security cameras.This is an example of

A)power.
B)authority.
C)domination.
D)legitimate force.

Question 70

The Registrar's office in your postsecondary institution best fits the definition of a

A)rational-legal authority.
B)bureaucracy.
C)corporation.
D)traditional authority.

Question 71

Employee recognition and incentive programs that identify and reward "model" employees in order to encourage similar behaviours from all employees in the workplace would be in the interest of which theoretical perspective?

A)Post-structuralist
B)Symbolic interactionist
C)Conflict theory
D)Functionalist

Question 72

If you live in Nunavut,Canada's newest territory,your federal representative is known as a

A)senator.
B)lieutenant-governor.
C)Governor General.
D)territorial commissioner.

Question 73

Utopian communities,where all resources are collectively owned,all labour is shared,all decisions are made by consensus,and all members are considered equal,is based on the principles of

A)idealism.
B)communism.
C)socialism.
D)capitalism.

Question 74

Employee theft from the workplace continues to be the primary source of financial loss for many large retailers and some have taken extreme security measures that target employees to a much greater extent than customers.This illustrates the concept of _________________ at work.

A)mechanical solidarity
B)collective identity
C)alienation
D)organic solidarity

Question 75

Albert lives in fear of his government's forces that patrol the all-public spaces with weapons,arresting and imprisoning anyone not conforming to the strict laws laid out by the ruling party.This is an example of a

A)dictatorship.
B)totalitarian system.
C)constitutional monarchy.
D)military junta.

Question 76

Investigating the idea of a collective identity,a mechanism to connect individuals to society and particularly to their work,is associated with the ________________ perspective.

A)post-structuralist
B)symbolic interactionist
C)conflict theory
D)functionalist