Deck 15: C: Health,aging,and Disabilities

Question 1

Which theoretical approach focuses on the roots of institutional ageism (the constant tension between the old and the young)?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminist theory

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Financial pressures for seniors include all of the following except this one:

A)A decrease in family income comes after the age of 60 for those with average incomes.
B)The relatively greater financial resources of today's seniors challenge an earlier concern that an aging population would place undue pressure on younger workers to support it.
C)Part of the Canadian pension system includes Old Age Security and Guaranteed Income Supplements.
D)It is destiny that the aging society will ultimately outweigh society's ability to provide for it.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Generally,which of the following is not an issue facing seniors?

A)Transition to retirement
B)Financial pressures
C)Ageism
D)Being victims of violent crime

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The provision of any services required by somebody who is dependent on others to meet her/his basic daily needs (e.g. ,bathing,dressing,eating,using the toilet,and moving around the home)is known as

A)elder care.
B)home care.
C)long-term care.
D)domestic care.

Question 5

Longer-term care is best defined as

A)the provision of any services required by persons who are dependent on others to meet their basic needs.
B)services that are long term in duration.
C)care allocated in long-term care institutions.
D)care that all individuals require as they age.

Question 6

This theory proposes that successful aging requires the gradual withdrawal from social activity.

A)Disengagement theory
B)Functional withdrawal theory
C)Critical activity theory
D)Functional isolation theory

Question 7

What is the current legal status of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in Canada?

A)Both are illegal under all circumstances.
B)While euthanasia is illegal,physician-assisted suicide is permitted under very limited circumstances.
C)Both are legal,under limited circumstances.
D)Spousal euthanasia is legal under limited circumstances,while physician-assisted suicide is illegal.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)Seniors report greater well-being than individuals between the ages of 25 and 54.
B)The well-being that seniors report is closely related to their physical health.
C)Seniors with more education are more likely to report excellent or very good health.
D)Seniors of the future will be unlikely to report being increasingly healthy.

Question 9

Statistics Canada defines ___________as "a mental or physical condition that limits people's everyday activities and restricts what they can do."

A)disability
B)chronic disease
C)the "person first" philosophy
D)socially organized barrier

Question 10

While most people retire voluntarily,many others are forced to do so as a result of

A)senility.
B)corporate downsizing.
C)the need to let the younger generation attain good jobs.
D)higher taxes for workers over the age of 65.

Question 11

__________ is a system of inequality based on age that privileges the young at the expense of the old.

A)Primordial discrimination
B)Ageism
C)Elder abuse
D)Age prejudice

Question 12

Which theory posits that people should remain engaged in society for as long as possible?

A)Disengagement theory
B)Engagement theory
C)Activity theory
D)Differential association theory

Question 13

The concept of biopower,a form of social power that flows from medical knowledge,is associated with

A)feminism.
B)conflict theory.
C)post-structuralism.
D)symbolic interactionism.

Question 14

Which theoretical approach explores how women respond to an aging body in a society fixated on appearance and youth?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminist theory

Question 15

Which theoretical approach questions how transitions such as growing old are defined?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Post-structuralism
D)Feminist theory

Question 16

Euthanasia refers to

A)the deliberate ending of the life of a person who has an incurable or painful disease.
B)a medication to treat pain.
C)a type of chronic condition.
D)a medical condition.

Question 17

Of the following crimes,which is more likely to affect an older adult than a younger adult?

A)Violent crime
B)Telemarketing scam
C)Car theft
D)Home invasion

Question 18

While seniors are less likely than younger people to be victims of ___________ crime,they experience more __________ of crime.

A)violent;fear
B)fear;ignorant
C)fraudulent;fear
D)elder abuse;ignorant

Question 19

All of the following are true of the senior population in Canada except this one:

A)By 2056,it is predicted that individuals over the age of 65 will reach 27 percent of the total population.
B)A new kind of old age is emerging in the twenty-first century.
C)The elderly population is becoming more diverse.
D)The percentage of seniors of Aboriginal descent is remaining the same.

Question 20

Your text gave the examples of Sue Rodriguez and Robert Latimer to discuss the issue of

A)long-term care facilities.
B)seniors in Canada.
C)chronic pain.
D)euthanasia.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of Canadian life expectancy?

A)Women live longer than men.
B)Life expectancy rises when health and welfare programs are initiated.
C)Life expectancy has risen over the past century.
D)Life expectancy is not related to lifespan.

Question 22

The increasing influence of the medical profession in defining what is normal/healthy and abnormal/ill is referred to by conflict theorists as a process of

A)pathologization.
B)medicalization.
C)modernization.
D)normalization.

Question 23

When some people can "jump the cue" by paying for better health care while others who cannot afford to do so must wait for significantly longer periods of time for care,the health system is

A)conflictual.
B)two-tiered.
C)divided.
D)double tiered.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the aging Canadian population is not true?

A)By 2056,seniors will comprise almost 30 percent of Canada's population.
B)Canadian seniors are defined as those over the age of 65.
C)Although seniors currently make up a large proportion of Canadians,their numbers are expected to dwindle over the next 30 years.
D)The proportion of seniors who are visible minorities is steadily increasing.

Question 25

The _______________ refers to a patterned social role that defines behaviour that is appropriate for and expected of those who are sick.

A)sick role
B)disability role
C)ailment role
D)disabled role

Question 26

In a recent Canadian survey,among persons between ages 15 and 64,the most common disability that limits daily living is

A)obesity.
B)mental illness.
C)limited mobility.
D)pain.

Question 27

Which of the following is not true of disabilities in Canada?

A)They are defined as a mental or physical condition that limits people's everyday activities and restricts what they can do.
B)Disability rates are increasing.
C)Medical technology allows those born with disabilities to be more likely to survive today than in the past.
D)Disabilities are not a major concern in Canada today.

Question 28

Saying "a person has a disability" rather than saying "that person is handicapped or disabled" is an example of

A)people first philosophy.
B)ways of referring to people who are different.
C)person second philosophy.
D)placing the disability before the person.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a principle of health care in Canada?

A)Universal
B)Comprehensive
C)Accessible
D)Pay-per-service

Question 30

Which of the following does not represent a consequence of ableism?

A)Limiting a person's possibilities due to their disability
B)Believing that a blind person cannot become a sociologist
C)Increased feelings of loneliness
D)Feelings of empowerment

Question 31

Although in the U.S. ,significantly more of the GDP is spent on health care compared with Canada,approximately 25 percent of the U.S.health care spending goes toward high administrative costs associated with

A)employee surveillance.
B)communication between so many different states.
C)lawsuits due to negligence.
D)private health care companies.

Question 32

This term is used to describe the state of affairs in which there exists one health care system for the rich and one for the rest of society.

A)Two-tier system
B)Hierarchical system
C)Divided system
D)Double tier health care

Question 33

When a nation's government pays doctors and hospitals for the medical services they provide according to a schedule of fees set annually by governments in consultation with professional medical associations,that nation can rightfully be said to have a system of

A)nationalized health care.
B)socialist health care.
C)socialized health insurance.
D)socialist medicare.

Question 34

Among Canadians 65 and older,the most common disability is

A)limited mobility.
B)limited hearing.
C)chronic pain.
D)limited vision.

Question 35

A major contribution of post-structuralist theory to the sociological examination of disability is its critique of

A)normativity and the language of the "normal" body.
B)medical practitioners.
C)Western society's obsession with the body.
D)law.

Question 36

Kim experiences difficulty obtaining meaningful work teaching sociology due to preconceptions that potential employers have about her abilities,based on her use of a wheelchair.She is experiencing which form of discrimination?

A)Ableism
B)Disability phobia
C)Bodyism
D)Disabilitism

Question 37

In Canada today,over _____ percent of the GDP is spent on health care.

A)1
B)5
C)11
D)18

Question 38

The elderly dependency ratio

A)measures the proportion of seniors (aged 65 and older)to workers.
B)measures the proportion of healthy seniors to unhealthy seniors.
C)measures the proportion of seniors who live independently to those who have caretakers.
D)measures the proportion of seniors who are employed to those who are retired.

Question 39

Which approach would most likely explore this statement: "Economic inequality affects people with disabilities"?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Post-structuralism
D)Feminist theory

Question 40

When The Globe and Mail reports that a strike has "crippled production," it is exemplifying

A)institutionalized ableism.
B)ableist language and reinforcement of ableist attitudes.
C)blatant discrimination.
D)harmless stereotyping.

Question 41

Constructing obesity as an epidemic provides the inspiration to

A)force governments to devote more health care dollars toward the issue.
B)present it as a collective challenge we all need to overcome together.
C)change the general sentiment toward obese people from negative to neutral.
D)bring awareness to the fact it is common in all high-income countries.

Question 42

One criticism to the feminist approach to people with disabilities is that

A)it relies on too narrow a definition of disability.
B)it ignores the impact of race and class on disability.
C)it focuses too much on specific disabilities common to women.
D)it may overlook the ways in which male health is as socially constructed as female.

Question 43

A recent retiree,Anita,is delighted with the amount of extra free time she has to see friends and pursue hobbies.She has joined a seniors bowling league,volunteers as a classroom tutor,and plays bridge twice a week.Which sociological theory discussed in the text would Anita's experience call into question?

A)Dependency theory
B)Disengagement theory
C)Activity theory
D)Engagement-theory

Question 44

The term ableism

A)is problematic because most disabled people do in fact have certain limitations.
B)refers to discrimination against those who have a mental or physical disability on the basis of stereotypical notions about their limitations.
C)is useful for distinguishing between what disabled people are and are not able to do.
D)is not useful because it is based on stereotypical ideas of what disabled people are capable of doing.

Question 45

Which of the following does not help explain the difference in life expectancy between Aboriginal Canadians and other Canadians?

A)Cultural factors
B)Access to health care facilities
C)Religiosity
D)Diet

Question 46

A socialized medical system is one in which

A)the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicians.
B)citizens pay high taxes in order to receive health care.
C)the government chooses which medical procedures should be provided to patients.
D)the government offers little option of the type of medical facilities available.

Question 47

Feminist theorists assert that definitions of disability are a form of

A)ignorance.
B)ableism.
C)oppression.
D)social conditioning.

Question 48

Matthew is extremely shy around new people,and avoids social interaction whenever possible.His doctor suggests that Matthew begin taking a new drug that will make him less shy and anxious about social interaction.This is an example of

A)enablement.
B)alternative medicine.
C)ableism.
D)medicalization.

Question 49

A disability is defined as

A)a mental or physical condition that decreases a person's life expectancy.
B)a mental or physical condition that limits people's everyday activities.
C)a mental or physical condition that prevents a person from achieving optimum health.
D)a mental or physical condition that impairs a person's ability to care for him or herself.

Question 50

The World Health Organization's definition of health suggests that health is a(n)_______ issue influenced by factors such as ____________.

A)economic,wealth
B)social,income and gender
C)physical and mental,happiness and romantic relationships
D)social,ability to maintain friendships

Question 51

Tali is the executive director of a disability advocacy organization.As part of her job,she educates the public about the fact that people with disabilities can have healthy,satisfying lives.Which theoretical perspective is most in line with Tali's work?

A)Conflict theory
B)Sick role theory
C)Feminist theory
D)Post-structuralist theory

Question 52

One criticism of post-structuralism approaches to disability is that

A)it ignores the fact that disability is a socially constructed concept.
B)it overlooks the fact that people with physical or mental disabilities are seen as less worthy of attention.
C)it is too similar to feminist theory.
D)it has few concrete applications.

Question 53

Research shows that mood disorders are most commonly found in

A)men and people with substance dependency.
B)women and people in low-income groups.
C)women and people in high-income groups.
D)men and people in low-income groups.

Question 54

Karla,a university student with a hearing impairment,is assigned to work with three other students for a sociology assignment.When the group is divvying up the workload,the three other students make sure that Karla receives the easiest tasks of anyone in the group.This is an example of

A)accommodation.
B)ableism.
C)ignorance.
D)sick role theory.

Question 55

The assertion that people with mental disorders are less likely to complete their education or hold a steady job is best explained by the

A)downward mobility hypothesis.
B)downward spiral hypothesis.
C)downward drift hypothesis.
D)downward functioning hypothesis.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about retirement is not true?

A)Canadian labour laws do not specify a retirement age for employment.
B)Low-income individuals experience the largest drop in income after retirement.
C)Wealthy individuals experience a significant loss of income after retirement.
D)Average retirement income has increased substantially over the last 25 years.

Question 57

After retirement,Bryan finds himself feeling disengaged and "at loose ends." After 35 years as a police officer,he finds it difficult to create a new identity for himself as a retired individual.Which sociological theory discussed in the text would Bryan's experience support?

A)Disengagement theory
B)Post-structuralist theory
C)Dependency theory
D)Activity theory

Question 58

According to the textbook,which of the following is not a reason for the increasing number of disabled persons in Canada?

A)Due to advances in medicine,more people who are injured in accidents are likely to survive than they were in the past.
B)As Canada's population ages,more citizens are likely to experience chronic diseases that cause disability.
C)Children born with a serious disability today are more likely to survive.
D)Society has begun to label people as "disabled" who would not have been considered disabled in the past.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a guiding principle of Canada's health care system?

A)Universal
B)Diverse
C)Comprehensive
D)Accessible

Question 60

Which of the following statements about alternative medicine is not true?

A)Females are more likely than men to use alternative medicine.
B)Most Canadians believe that alternative medicine should be covered under provincial health plans.
C)Alternative medicine generally is used as a supplement to more traditional forms of medicine,rather than as a replacement.
D)People with higher educational levels are more likely to use alternative medicine than people with lower educational levels.

Question 61

Gordon had trouble sitting still and focusing in his school classroom but rather than considering cognitive and behavioural strategies,the school told his parents he should be taken to a doctor and put on medication for attention deficit disorder.This is an example of

A)alternative health care.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)medicalization.
D)iatrogenesis.

Question 62

The belief that a woman with obesity could not be a professional dancer would be considered

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)a binary construction.
C)discrimination.
D)ableism.

Question 63

The fact that many Canadians today choose to work well past 65 because they enjoy fulfilling and rewarding careers supports ______________ theory while at the same time challenging ________________theory.

A)feminist;conflict
B)post-structuralist;conflict
C)disengagement;activity
D)activity;disengagement

Question 64

Although dubbed a mercy killing,Robert Latimer's treatment of his daughter,Tracy,would actually be considered

A)voluntary euthanasia.
B)involuntary euthanasia.
C)passive euthanasia.
D)assisted suicide.

Question 65

The fact that many more Canadians are gaining knowledge about their health from credible sources and taking action to improve their individual health outside of the formal medical system is an example of

A)medicalization.
B)biopower.
C)self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)normalization.

Question 66

When Trevor's dad went into a coma and tests showed no continuing brain function,the family decided to cease all further treatment.This is an example of

A)voluntary euthanasia.
B)involuntary euthanasia.
C)passive euthanasia.
D)assisted suicide.

Question 67

When Trisha was undergoing treatment for aggressive breast cancer,her oncologist told her to take time off work and rest as much as possible,but Trish decided to keep on working,prompting many friends and co-workers to worry she was compromising her recovery.This is an example of the concept of ___________________ at work.

A)the self-fulfilling prophecy
B)the sick role
C)discrimination
D)ableism

Question 68

The fact that it was erroneously assumed that women and men have the same symptoms of heart attack because all the studies done on men were generalized to women would be investigated by which of the theoretical perspectives on health care?

A)Conflict
B)Symbolic interactionist
C)Post-structuralist
D)Feminist

Question 69

Arielle sees a naturopath and herbalist for her health issues and firmly believes the remedies are much more effective than the prescription medication her doctor wanted her to take.This is an example of

A)alternative health care.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)medicalization.
D)iatrogenesis.

Question 70

Kirk is dealing with a disability that many do not consider should be labelled as such and yet creates a major economic burden in many high-income countries and has fueled an entire industry generating enormous profits for the capitalist economy.Kirk's disability is

A)mental illness.
B)obesity.
C)chronic disease.
D)pain.

Question 71

Understanding how people respond to and treat a friend who has been diagnosed with cancer would be associated with the _____________________ perspective on health care.

A)conflict
B)symbolic interactionist
C)feminist
D)functionalist

Question 72

Investigating how disabled people are treated based on the degree to which their disability conforms to prevailing definitions of what is normal within our society would be associated with the __________________ perspective on disability.

A)symbolic interactionist
B)functionalist
C)feminist
D)post-structuralist

Question 73

The fact that our health care system,although universal,does not always provide what may be considered necessary for low-income people with disabilities would be in the interest of what theoretical perspective on disability?

A)Functionalist
B)Conflict
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Post-structuralist

Question 74

The Aboriginal view of elders that values them highly and ensures that they are well taken care of is closely associated with the concept of

A)ageism.
B)healthy aging.
C)elderly dependency ratio.
D)iatrogenesis.

Question 75

When Rhonda lost her job,she moved in with her elderly mother and become dependent on her for room and board.Also wanting more spending money,Rhonda starting pressuring her mother to give up some of her activities and health-related expenses and demanded her mother pay her for being a "live-in caregiver." This is an example of

A)elder abuse.
B)ageism.
C)healthy aging.
D)long-term care.