Deck 10: C: Race and Racialization

Question 1

_____________ occurs when an institution employs policies or practices that are discriminatory against a person or group.

A)Individual discrimination
B)Direct institutional discrimination
C)Indirect institutional discrimination
D)Exercising your rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Answer 1

B

Question 2

If an employer throws out resumés simply because the last name is not one he/she associates with "white Canadians," he/she is guilty of

A)prejudice.
B)discrimination.
C)democratic racism.
D)exception fallacy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Social scientists today assert that what most people call "race" is little more than a historical legacy of Western colonialism and

A)ethnocentrism.
B)neo-liberalism.
C)hegemony.
D)religious fundamentalism.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

____________ can be defined as stable and a sweeping generalization about a category of people that is applied to all members of that category.

A)Prejudice
B)Stereotype
C)Discrimination
D)Racism

Question 5

When a member of a social group has been socially excluded on the basis of socially constructed attributes,that person has been

A)characterized.
B)routinized.
C)stigmatized.
D)alienated.

Question 6

Which of the following would probably not increase an ethnic minority's chance of experiencing prejudice and discrimination?

A)Race
B)Language
C)Religion
D)Level of education

Question 7

If an Asian student in your class is excellent at math and you conclude that all Asian persons are intelligent,you are engaging in

A)discrimination.
B)stereotype.
C)the ecological fallacy.
D)the exception fallacy.

Question 8

"Dumb blonde" jokes are examples of

A)prejudice.
B)stereotype.
C)discrimination.
D)the correct assumption that intelligence is linked to hair colour.

Question 9

A math teacher gives less attention to Asian-Canadian students under the assumption that Asians are good at math.The teacher's actions are an example of

A)prejudice.
B)stereotype.
C)discrimination.
D)racism.

Question 10

"Black people are natural athletes." This statement is an example of

A)discrimination.
B)biological facts.
C)racialization.
D)internalized racism.

Question 11

When an employer decides to hire a particular person based on her/his preconceived ideas about what is to be expected from the group to which that person belongs,that employer is guilty of

A)racism.
B)discrimination.
C)stereotyping.
D)stigmatization.

Question 12

When members of a racial group assume the attributes associated with a racial classification and attach it to their identities,they are exemplifying which phenomenon?

A)Internalized racism
B)Self-stigmatization
C)Inner objectification
D)Objective valuation

Question 13

When people draw conclusions about an entire group based on observations of individuals,they make a mistake called

A)ecological fallacy.
B)exception fallacy.
C)racialization.
D)prejudice.

Question 14

Research confirms that with each subsequent generation,the immigrant population becomes

A)more isolated.
B)more like the dominant culture.
C)more racist.
D)more prejudiced.

Question 15

When you make a negative assessment about what a person or group is like before you actually meet them,you are exemplifying

A)prejudice.
B)racism.
C)discrimination.
D)bias.

Question 16

Sociologists refer to a collection of people who identify with each other and share a common culture,art forms,language,music,traditions,and religious affiliation as a(an)

A)ascribed status group.
B)ethnic group.
C)ethno-cultural group.
D)cultural group.

Question 17

A member of a definable category of people that is socially disadvantaged is a member of a(an)

A)ethnic group.
B)minority.
C)status group.
D)target group.

Question 18

According to this theory,some degree of prejudice is found in people all over the world.

A)Multiracial feminist theory
B)Culture theory
C)Authoritarian personality theory
D)Social distance theory

Question 19

What are the two components of membership in a minority group?

A)The group lacks social power and is definable as being distinct from the majority.
B)The group lacks social power and is patriarchal.
C)The group is distinct from the majority and oppresses the dominant culture.
D)The group is patriarchal and oppresses the dominant culture.

Question 20

____________ asserts that prejudice and discrimination originate in the frustrations of people who want to blame someone else for their problems.

A)Scapegoat theory
B)Ecological fallacy
C)Exception fallacy
D)Racialization

Question 21

Where in Canada are immigrants most likely to settle?

A)Northern regions
B)Populous provinces
C)The Prairie provinces
D)Along the coastline

Question 22

____________ and ____________ constitute Canada's two special status groups.

A)Aboriginal peoples;Québécois
B)Aboriginal peoples;Chinese minority groups
C)Québécois;Chinese minority groups
D)Chinese Canadians;black Canadians

Question 23

____________ people had to pay a "head tax" in order to immigrate to Canada in the early twentieth century.

A)French
B)Chinese
C)Black
D)Indian

Question 24

The Canadian government sent Japanese Canadians to internment camps during World War II.This is an example of

A)genocide.
B)expulsion.
C)population transfer.
D)segregation.

Question 25

This theory focuses most explicitly on the importance of addressing inequalities of the past,particularly those dealing with property rights.

A)Critical race theory
B)Humanist race theory
C)Marxist exploitation theory
D)Dual labour market theory

Question 26

The contemporary Canadian approach to minority integration is

A)multiculturalism.
B)assimilation.
C)separatism.
D)rationalization.

Question 27

In 2011,more than ________ percent of the population of Canada was born in a country other than Canada.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 28

Sociologists define a minority as

A)any definable category of people who make up a proportionally small part of the population.
B)any definable category of people who are visibly different from other members of a population.
C)any definable category of people who are not defined by any inherent characteristics.
D)any definable category of people who are socially disadvantaged.

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the five categories of minority relations?

A)Genocide
B)Segregation and separation
C)Scapegoat
D)Assimilation

Question 30

When the dominant group forces a minority to leave the country or confines them to a particular location,it is known as

A)cultural genocide.
B)expulsion.
C)segregation.
D)separatism.

Question 31

According to this theory,the powerful economic elite benefit the most from prejudice and discrimination.

A)Symbolic interactionist theory
B)Post-structural neo-colonial theory
C)Functionalist domination theory
D)Marxist exploitation theory

Question 32

____________ suggests that racist ideologies and the prejudice and discrimination that they breed often promote social stability.

A)Scapegoat theory
B)Culture theory
C)Functionalist theory
D)Conflict theory

Question 33

Canada's charter groups consist of

A)the French and English.
B)Aboriginals and Chinese Canadians.
C)Aboriginals and Québécois.
D)black Canadians and Chinese Canadians.

Question 34

You complain every time you notice a woman being a bad driver,but you don't make a mental note when you see them driving well.This is an example of

A)selective perception.
B)Marxist exploitation theory.
C)contact hypothesis.
D)multiracial feminism.

Question 35

The Canadian Aboriginal reserve system is an example of this pattern.

A)Cultural genocide
B)Expulsion
C)Segregation
D)Separatism

Question 36

What is the largest country of origin for Canadian immigrants?

A)United States
B)The Philippines
C)China
D)India

Question 37

The one-way process that occurs when a minority group sheds its differences and assumes the traits of the dominant group is known as

A)segregation.
B)assimilation.
C)separatism.
D)convergence.

Question 38

Which of the following is not included in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

A)Freedom of expression
B)The protection of Canada's multicultural heritage
C)Sexual orientation
D)The rights of Canada's Aboriginal peoples

Question 39

The federal government's 1969 White Paper sought to

A)assimilate First Nations people into Canada's culture.
B)segregate Canada's First Nations people from Canada's dominant culture.
C)end the separatist movement of Quebec.
D)affirm multiculturalism in Canada.

Question 40

In 2011,Aboriginal peoples accounted for approximately ______ percent of Canada's total population.

A)1
B)4
C)12
D)17

Question 41

Darryl believes that immigrants are responsible for taking away jobs from native-born Canadians.This is an example of

A)indirect institutional racism.
B)direct institutional racism.
C)scapegoating.
D)prejudice.

Question 42

Which of the following is not true about stereotypes?

A)Stereotypes are sweeping generalizations about a category of people.
B)Some stereotypes might actually appear to be favourable.
C)Stereotypes are relatively easy to alter.
D)Stereotypes may be accurate for some members of a group.

Question 43

Chantal's job as a waitress is insecure and temporary,with her boss telling her she can be "replaced anytime." She receives an hourly salary and no fringe benefits.Chantal's job is part of

A)the primary labour market.
B)the secondary labour market.
C)the exploited labour market.
D)the dual labour market.

Question 44

Critical race theory

A)is the Frankfurt School's most notable contribution to the study of discrimination of prejudice.
B)emerged in Europe as a response to the devastation of the Second World War.
C)views the powerful economic elite in a society as benefiting from discrimination against the poor.
D)began as an initiative to examine legal rulings that appeared to be negligent in upholding the legal principle of equality under the law.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about minority groups is true?

A)Minorities always face discrimination.
B)It is not the size of a given group but rather its lack of power that makes it a minority.
C)It is not the power held by a group but rather its proportional size that makes it a minority.
D)Minority discrimination has become less problematic since the abolishment of apartheid.

Question 46

Which of the following is not a reason that sociologists prefer not to use the term race?

A)Race is not a meaningful way of describing genetic differences between groups of people.
B)The term race has an ethnocentric bias.
C)The term race is,itself,an example of internalized racism.
D)Race is a socially constructed term.

Question 47

Stigmatization

A)occurs primarily in countries with apartheid systems of governance.
B)occurs when members of minority groups are excluded from cultural and societal activities.
C)occurs when members of the majority assign perceived attributes to members of a minority group.
D)occurs when members of the majority assign negative attributes to members of a minority group.

Question 48

As a general rule,the more ____________ the defining characteristic of a minority group is,the ______ severe the stigma attached to the group.

A)abrasive,more
B)positive,less
C)negative,more
D)obvious,more

Question 49

"Chinese students are good at mathematics." This statement is an example of

A)discrimination.
B)positive prejudice.
C)racialization.
D)internalized racism.

Question 50

Which best describes why individuals continue to carry racist attitudes,despite scientific evidence to the contrary?

A)Selective perception
B)Contact hypothesis
C)Stereotypes
D)Racialization

Question 51

The assignment of people to racial categories is primarily

A)a social construction.
B)based on skin colour.
C)based on genetic characteristics.
D)a cultural construction.

Question 52

A modelling agency refuses to represent any models that are above a certain weight and below a certain height.This is an example of

A)prejudice.
B)indirect institutional discrimination.
C)gender discrimination.
D)direct institutional discrimination.

Question 53

According to Statistics Canada,an average of ______ percent of visible minority members has been the victims of discrimination.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of an ecological fallacy?

A)Brenda assumes that the black student in her calculus class listens to rap music.
B)Brenda assumes that the black student in her calculus class is not very intelligent.
C)Brenda assumes that everyone in her calculus class comes from the same cultural background as she does.
D)Brenda assumes that everyone in her calculus class was born in the same country that she was.

Question 55

Amarnath is a PhD student in sociology studying how the lives of South Americans were affected by the arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth century.Which of the following theoretical positions would Amarnath most likely adopt?

A)Post-colonial theory
B)Marxist exploitation theory
C)Marxist colonial theory
D)Multi-racial theory

Question 56

An exception fallacy occurs when people draw conclusions about _________ based on ___________.

A)individual members of a group;data gathered from an entire group
B)an entire group;interactions with individual members of a group
C)an entire group;stereotypes
D)individual members of a group;stereotypes

Question 57

Before travelling to France,Krista assumes that the people she meets there on her trip will be rude and stuck up.This is an example of

A)discrimination.
B)institutional prejudice.
C)prejudice.
D)overt prejudice.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about race is not true?

A)Race is real as a social category.
B)Race is socially constructed.
C)The concept of "race" is useful as a scientific way of distinguishing people from different genetic backgrounds.
D)Race accounts for a very small proportion of a person's genetic makeup.

Question 59

Internalized racism occurs

A)when people are racist toward minorities without realizing it.
B)when members of a racial group assume the attributes associated to them,and internalize them as part of their identities.
C)when members of a minority group discriminate against members of the dominant group.
D)when members of a racial group reject the attributes associated to them.

Question 60

Members of the Frankfurt School,particularly Theodor Adorno,were responsible for developing which theory to explain prejudice and discrimination?

A)Scapegoat theory
B)Critical race theory
C)Authoritarian personality theory
D)Cultural authority theory

Question 61

Rachel believes that members of a certain ethnic minority are more likely to commit crimes,and uses the media to confirm her belief by noting every time a member of that group is arrested,but failing to note that,in fact,they actually make up a small percentage of overall arrests.This can be explained by

A)conflict theory.
B)critical race theory.
C)selective perception.
D)social distance.

Question 62

The system of apartheid in South Africa that separated whites and blacks for nearly 50 years was based on the idea of ___________________,which does not exist in contemporary society.

A)racialization
B)racial purity
C)internalized racism
D)segregation

Question 63

Paolo was raised in a primarily white,Italian neighbourhood and most of his friends are white and/or Italian.When questioned on his lack of social diversity by a new friend,he says he simply doesn't "relate well" to a lot of other ethnic groups.Paolo's attitude can be explained by

A)conflict theory.
B)critical race theory.
C)social distance.
D)authoritarian personality theory.

Question 64

The mass extermination of the Tutsi minority by the Hutu majority in Rwanda is an example of

A)expulsion or population transfer.
B)separatism.
C)assimilation.
D)genocide.

Question 65

An employee in a corporation's human resources department is told not to hire new employees with difficult to pronounce ethnic names.He does not believe this is right,but does so anyway because he feels it would jeopardize his employment if he didn't.He is a

A)prejudiced discriminator.
B)prejudiced nondiscriminator.
C)nonprejudiced discriminator.
D)nonprejudiced nondiscriminator.

Question 66

Doug believes that years of the women's movement,civil rights movement,and equalization policies have resulted in his oppression as a superior male.He is likely a member of

A)the Dark Enlightenment.
B)an ethnic group.
C)a racialized minority.
D)a pure race.

Question 67

The American approach to immigration,which is to assimilate all newcomers into a common language,culture,and ideology,is known as

A)cultural pluralism.
B)the melting pot.
C)cultural integration.
D)the mosaic.

Question 68

Which theoretical perspective would assert that Paolo's assertion that he doesn't "relate well" to other ethnic groups can be seen as a good thing for the Italian community as it promotes ethnic identification and cultural retention?

A)Conflict theory
B)Critical race theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Functionalism

Question 69

Ellie Mae was raised in the American South by parents who firmly believed in white supremacy and segregation.Throughout her life,she avoided interactions with African Americans,whom she felt were inferior and undeserving of the opportunities being given to them.Ellie Mae's attitude can be explained by

A)conflict theory.
B)critical race theory.
C)culture theory.
D)authoritarian personality theory.

Question 70

The view that Canada's Aboriginal peoples should be treated the same as every other Canadian despite their historical status as Canada's First Peoples is an example of

A)prejudice.
B)ecological fallacy.
C)democratic racism.
D)discrimination.

Question 71

Ethnic minorities within Canada who choose to live in gated communities and frequent only businesses,schools,and religious institutions associated with their ethnic group are practising a form of

A)expulsion or population transfer.
B)separatism.
C)assimilation.
D)segregation.

Question 72

Toby is the only Aboriginal employee in his workplace and he knows his colleagues are aware of the difference-he is worried that they think he only got the job because of his Aboriginal status and they are waiting for him to fail,which makes him doubt his own competence.This is an example of

A)racialization.
B)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)identity confusion.
D)affirmative action.

Question 73

The attempt to ban the hijab (traditional head covering for Muslim women)and other "overt religious symbols" from the Quebec civil service can be seen as an example of

A)direct institutional discrimination.
B)indirect institutional discrimination.
C)individual discrimination.
D)prejudice.

Question 74

As a member of one of Canada's minority populations,if you were raised in a single-parent household,are earning less than other Canadians,and/or are more likely to be unemployed despite your equal levels of university education,you are likely a member of which group?

A)Québécois
B)Black Canadian
C)Chinese Canadian
D)Aboriginal

Question 75

According to the criteria provided in the text,which of the following would be considered an ethnic group?

A)Newfies (people from Newfoundland)
B)Canadians
C)People from Africa
D)The Jewish community