Question 1

Essential nutrients are nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot manufacture them in sufficient amounts to meet its physiological needs.

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients are those that cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 2

Digestion allows the body's cells to convert food energy into the high-energy ATP molecules that run the cell's machinery.

Accepted Answer

Digestion breaks down food into its simpler components that can be absorbed and used by the body's cells to generate ATP molecules, which are used as an energy source for cellular processes.

Question 3

The eight front teeth are called ____.&#10;A) molars&#10;B) cuspids&#10;C) incisors&#10;D) premolars

Accepted Answer

The eight front teeth are called incisors, which are used for biting and cutting food. Molars are the back teeth used for grinding food, cuspids (also called canines) are the pointed teeth used for tearing and ripping food, and premolars are the teeth between the molars and cuspids that assist with grinding and tearing food.

Question 4

The ____ glands in the mucous membrane lining the mouth secrete small amounts of saliva.&#10;A) parotid&#10;B) submaxillary&#10;C) sublingual&#10;D) buccal

Accepted Answer

The buccal glands are small glands located in the mucous membrane lining the mouth and secrete small amounts of saliva.

Question 5

The enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol is ____.&#10;A) protease&#10;B) amylase&#10;C) nuclease&#10;D) lipase

Accepted Answer

Lipase is the enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Protease breaks down proteins, amylase breaks down carbohydrates, and nuclease breaks down nucleic acids.

Question 6

Thrush is caused by inflammation and enlargement of rectal veins.&#10;&#8203;

Accepted Answer

Thrush is actually a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast. It typically affects the mouth and genitals, not the rectal area. Swollen rectal veins is a condition called hemorrhoids.

Question 7

Complex carbohydrates are digested into simple sugars by ____.&#10;A) protease&#10;B) lipase&#10;C) amylase&#10;D) nuclease

Accepted Answer

Complex carbohydrates are broken down by an enzyme called amylase into simpler sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Protease breaks down proteins, lipase breaks down fats, and nuclease breaks down nucleic acids.

Question 8

Vitamin ____ is necessary for vision, bone growth and maintenance of epithelial cells. A) A B) K C) B₁ D) B₁₂

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is essential for vision, bone growth, and maintenance of epithelial cells. It is responsible for the production of a pigment called rhodopsin, which is necessary for the ability to see in low light conditions. Vitamin A also helps regulate the growth and development of bones and is necessary for the maintenance of healthy epithelial tissues, which are the tissues that line the internal and external surfaces of the body.

Question 9

Composed of loose connective tissue, the underlying layer of the mucus membrane is called the ____.&#10;A) lamina propria&#10;B) muscularis mucosa&#10;C) adventitia&#10;D) tunica intimas

Accepted Answer

The lamina propria is the layer of loose connective tissue that lies beneath the epithelium of the mucous membrane. The muscularis mucosae is a smooth muscle layer found in some areas of the digestive tract. The adventitia is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds organs or structures like blood vessels that are not part of the digestive tract. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel.

Question 10

The crown of a tooth is covered by ____, the hardest substance in the body.&#10;A) enamel&#10;B) dentin&#10;C) pulp&#10;D) root

Accepted Answer

Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and covers the crown of the tooth. Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth structure underneath the enamel, while the pulp is a soft tissue within the center of the tooth. The root of the tooth is located below the gumline and is covered by cementum.

Question 11

The physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract is called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;absorption&#10;B) peristalsis&#10;C) &#8203;defecation&#10;D) &#8203;digestion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physical movement or pushing of food...

Question 12

The empty stomach lining has many folds called rugae that allow the stomach to expand and hold large amounts of food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The empty stomach lining has many folds...

Question 13

The accessory structures of the alimentary canal include the oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The accessory structures of the alimentary canal...

Question 14

The innermost layer of the alimentary canal is called the tunica ____.&#10;A) submucosa&#10;B) mucosa&#10;C) serosa&#10;D) adventitia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The innermost layer of the alimentary canal...

Question 15

The walls of the alimentary canal have a similar arrangement of tissue layers called ____.&#10;A) mucosa&#10;B) tunics&#10;C) serosa&#10;D) propria

Accepted Answer

The answer of The walls of the alimentary canal have...

Question 16

The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems is called ____.&#10;A) absorption&#10;B) &#8203;digestion&#10;C) defecation&#10;D) peristalsis

Accepted Answer

The answer of The passage of digested food from the...

Question 17

The ____ is a long continuous tube that runs through the ventral cavity of the body.&#10;A) distribution canal&#10;B) gallbladder&#10;C) gastrointestinal tract&#10;D) large intestine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____ is a long continuous tube...

Question 18

Hanging from the posterior border of the soft palate is a cone-shaped muscular structure called the ____.&#10;A) tongue&#10;B) uvula&#10;C) papillae&#10;D) fungiform

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hanging from the posterior border of the...

Question 19

Vitamin ____ is also known as thiamine and is necessary for muscle and nerve function. A) A B) K C) B₁ D) B₁₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vitamin ____ is also known as thiamine...

Question 20

The taste of ____ detects monosodium glutamate.&#10;A) sweet&#10;B) salty&#10;C) sour&#10;D) umami

Accepted Answer

The answer of The taste of ____ detects monosodium glutamate.&#10;A)...

Question 21

The elimination of substances that are indigestible and cannot be absorbed is called ____________________.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The elimination of substances that are indigestible...

Question 22

&#8203;The presence of pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon is a condition known as ____.&#10;A) &#8203;hepatitis&#10;B) &#8203;Crohn's disease&#10;C) &#8203;diverticulosis&#10;D) &#8203;cirrhosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The presence of pouchlike herniations through the...

Question 23

&#8203;The ____ converts harmful ammonia form the digestion of proteins to harmless urea and provides bile to emulsify fats.&#10;A) &#8203;liver&#10;B) &#8203;kidney&#10;C) &#8203;pancreas&#10;D) &#8203;gallbladder

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____ converts harmful ammonia form the...

Question 24

&#8203;The first part of the small intestine is called the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;jejunum&#10;B) &#8203;duodenum&#10;C) &#8203;ileum&#10;D) &#8203;fundus

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The first part of the small intestine...

Question 25

The collapsible, muscular tube that is situated behind the trachea is called the ____.&#10;A) esophagus&#10;B) mediastinum&#10;C) pharynx&#10;D) larynx

Accepted Answer

The answer of The collapsible, muscular tube that is situated...

Question 26

&#8203;The largest organ in the body is the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;heart&#10;B) &#8203;stomach&#10;C) &#8203;pancreas&#10;D) &#8203;liver

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The largest organ in the body is...

Question 27

The ____________________ is a common passageway for food and air.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ is a common passageway for...

Question 28

The ____ cells release a mixture of digestive enzymes, collectively called the pancreatic juice.&#10;A) acini&#10;B) beta&#10;C) alpha&#10;D) parietal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____ cells release a mixture of...

Question 29

Food is formed into a soft mass called a(n) ____________________ by the actions of the tongue, teeth, and saliva.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food is formed into a soft mass...

Question 30

&#8203;The lobes of a liver affected by ____ are covered with fibrous connective tissue.&#10;A) &#8203;appendicitis&#10;B) &#8203;hepatitis&#10;C) &#8203;Crohn's disease&#10;D) &#8203;cirrhosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The lobes of a liver affected by...

Question 31

The last part of the colon is called the ____________________.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The last part of the colon is...

Question 32

&#8203;The ____, located in a depression of the surface of the liver, stores bile.&#10;A) &#8203;thymus&#10;B) &#8203;spleen&#10;C) &#8203;pancreas&#10;D) &#8203;gallbladder

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The ____, located in a depression of...

Question 33

Swallowing is also called ____.&#10;A) agglutination&#10;B) deglutition&#10;C) mastication&#10;D) cementum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Swallowing is also called ____.&#10;A) agglutination&#10;B) deglutition&#10;C)...

Question 34

Liver macrophages are called ____ cells.&#10;A) acinar&#10;B) Kupffer&#10;C) parietal&#10;D) beta

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liver macrophages are called ____ cells.&#10;A) acinar&#10;B)...

Question 35

&#8203;Pepsinogen is secreted by ____ cells.&#10;A) &#8203;parietal&#10;B) &#8203;chief&#10;C) &#8203;beta&#10;D) &#8203;alpha

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Pepsinogen is secreted by ____ cells.&#10;A) &#8203;parietal&#10;B)...

Question 36

The narrow inferior region of the stomach is called the ____.&#10;A) fundus&#10;B) cardia&#10;C) pylorus&#10;D) duodenum

Accepted Answer

The answer of The narrow inferior region of the stomach...

Question 37

&#8203;The pouchlike first part of the large intestine is called the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;colon&#10;B) &#8203;cecum&#10;C) &#8203;duodenum&#10;D) &#8203;jejunum

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The pouchlike first part of the large...

Question 38

&#8203;The digested, viscous, and semifluid contents of the intestine are called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;chime&#10;B) &#8203;bolus&#10;C) &#8203;chyle&#10;D) &#8203;fundus

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The digested, viscous, and semifluid contents of...

Question 39

&#8203;Gastric tumors called adenocarcinomas are characteristic of ____________________ cancer

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Gastric tumors called adenocarcinomas are characteristic of...

Question 40

Hydrochloric acid is secreted into the stomach by ____ cells.&#10;A) chief&#10;B) zymogenic&#10;C) parietal&#10;D) beta

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrochloric acid is secreted into the stomach...

Question 41

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;hepatitis&#10;b.&#8203;alimentary canal&#10;c.&#8203;adventitia&#10;d.&#8203;submandibular gland&#10;e.&#8203;dentes&#10;f.&#8203;bolus&#10;g.&#8203;rugae&#10;h.&#8203;duodenum&#10;i.&#8203;dentes&#10;j.gallbladder&#10;&#8203;secretes saliva

Accepted Answer