Question 1

Which term refers to the breakdown of glucose in human muscle cells when oxygen is insufficient due to muscle fatigue?&#10;A) &#8203;anaerobic respiration&#10;B) &#8203;aerobic respiration&#10;C) &#8203;fermentation&#10;D) &#8203;metabolism

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is insufficient and is the process by which glucose is broken down in human muscle cells. This process produces less energy than aerobic respiration and can result in the production of lactic acid, leading to muscle fatigue. Fermentation also occurs without oxygen but typically refers to the breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms. Metabolism is a general term that encompasses all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms, including respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic).

Question 2

During cellular reproduction, the division of the cytoplasm, known as ____, begins during anaphase of mitosis.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;cytokinesis&#10;B) &#8203;cellular reproduction&#10;C) &#8203;mitosis&#10;D) &#8203;meiosis

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the specific process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cells. This process usually begins during anaphase of mitosis (or meiosis) when the cell's chromosomes have separated and are moving towards opposite poles of the cell. The cell membrane and/or cell wall then constricts or pinches inwards until the cytoplasm is divided and two separate daughter cells are formed.

Question 3

Anabolism is an energy-requiring process that builds larger molecules by combining smaller molecules.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

Anabolism requires energy to build larger molecules by combining smaller ones, which is opposite to catabolism that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones with the release of energy.

Question 4

The special kind of cellular reproduction that occurs only in gametes is known as mitosis.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The special kind of cellular reproduction that occurs only in gametes is actually known as meiosis, not mitosis. Mitosis is a form of cell division that occurs in most cells to produce two identical daughter cells.

Question 5

The formation of ____ is the final step in the transformation of light energy into the chemical energy of a biologically usable form.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;DNA&#10;B) &#8203;glucose&#10;C) &#8203;RNA&#10;D) &#8203;ATP

Accepted Answer

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the final and most important molecule formed during cellular respiration, which is the process where light energy is transformed into chemical energy in a biologically usable form. Glucose is an intermediate product formed during this process, but it is not the final product. DNA and RNA are not formed through cellular respiration, and they are not directly involved in the transformation of light energy into chemical energy.

Question 6

The formation of the female egg is called oogenesis.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis is the process of formation of female egg or ovum.

Question 7

The net gain from glycolysis is ____ ATP molecule(s) and ____ NADH₂ molecules. A) one; eight B) three; two C) five; zero D) two; three

Accepted Answer

The net gain from glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.

Question 8

Down syndrome is a congenital defect commonly caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is commonly caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, also known as trisomy 21.

Question 9

Fermentation in yeast cells is a type of aerobic respiration.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

Fermentation in yeast cells is actually a type of anaerobic respiration, as it does not require oxygen.

Question 10

&#8203;What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced by glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system for each glucose molecule?&#10;A) &#8203;38&#10;B) &#8203;30&#10;C) &#8203;34&#10;D) &#8203;28

Accepted Answer

The net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain is typically around 38 ATP per glucose molecule in prokaryotes, though it can be slightly less in eukaryotes due to transport costs.

Question 11

The most common substance decomposed aerobically in cells to produce ATP is ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;glucose&#10;B) &#8203;protein&#10;C) &#8203;oxygen&#10;D) &#8203;water

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common substance decomposed aerobically in...

Question 12

Glucose is a simple ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;protein&#10;B) &#8203;nucleic acid&#10;C) &#8203;carbohydrate&#10;D) &#8203;ipid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glucose is a simple ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;protein&#10;B) &#8203;nucleic...

Question 13

The first step in the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide gas and water is known as ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;hydrolysis&#10;B) &#8203;respiration&#10;C) &#8203;glycolysis&#10;D) &#8203;anabolism

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in the anaerobic breakdown...

Question 14

&#8203;The Krebs citric acid cycle takes place in the ____.&#10;A) &#8203;nucleus&#10;B) &#8203;mitochondrion&#10;C) &#8203;ribosome&#10;D) &#8203;Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The Krebs citric acid cycle takes place...

Question 15

What is an example of an electron carrier?&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;NAD&#10;B) &#8203;ATP&#10;C) &#8203;DNA&#10;D) &#8203;RNA

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of an electron...

Question 16

&#8203;The process by which a single cell duplicates itself is known as ____.&#10;A) &#8203;cellular respiration&#10;B) &#8203;cellular reproduction&#10;C) &#8203;anaerobic respiration&#10;D) &#8203;aerobic respiration

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The process by which a single cell...

Question 17

&#8203;Digestion decomposes fat molecules into fatty acids and ____.&#10;A) &#8203;nucleic acid&#10;B) &#8203;glutamic acid&#10;C) &#8203;glucose&#10;D) &#8203;glycerol

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Digestion decomposes fat molecules into fatty acids...

Question 18

Biochemical respiration is the oxygen-requiring, or ____, process of ATP production.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;metabolism&#10;B) &#8203;anaerobic&#10;C) &#8203;aerobic&#10;D) &#8203;glycolysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biochemical respiration is the oxygen-requiring, or ____,...

Question 19

What is the ultimate electron acceptor for the electrons captured by the cofactors during glucose decomposition?&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;nitrogen&#10;B) &#8203;hydrogen&#10;C) &#8203;oxygen&#10;D) &#8203;carbon

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the ultimate electron acceptor for...

Question 20

&#8203;Most of the ATP produced during biochemical respiration is produced in the ____ system.&#10;A) &#8203;glycolysis&#10;B) &#8203;carrier transport&#10;C) &#8203;electron transport&#10;D) &#8203;respiratory

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Most of the ATP produced during biochemical...

Question 21

The indentation of the cell membrane during cytokinesis is called a ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;cleavage furrow&#10;B) &#8203;prophase&#10;C) &#8203;cell plate&#10;D) &#8203;metaphase plate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The indentation of the cell membrane during...

Question 22

A(n) ____________________ is a sequence of organic nitrogen base pairs that codes for a polypeptide or a protein.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________________ is a sequence of organic...

Question 23

Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick determined the three-dimensional structure of ____________________&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick...

Question 24

&#8203;What is the first step in the duplication of a DNA molecule?&#10;A) &#8203;nucleic acids are added&#10;B) &#8203;DNA unwinds&#10;C) &#8203;prophase begins&#10;D) &#8203;RNA binds

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;What is the first step in the...

Question 25

What is the hereditary material of the cell?&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;RNA&#10;B) &#8203;protein&#10;C) &#8203;DNA&#10;D) &#8203;lipid

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the hereditary material of the...

Question 26

Unwound strands of chromosomes visible as threads in the nucleoplasm are called ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;nucleotides&#10;B) &#8203;chromatin&#10;C) &#8203;chromatids&#10;D) &#8203;centromere

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unwound strands of chromosomes visible as threads...

Question 27

Radioactive materials and X-rays can cause ____________________ in DNA by disrupting exact copying of the nucleotide sequence.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Radioactive materials and X-rays can cause ____________________...

Question 28

&#8203;In which phase of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time?&#10;A) &#8203;interphase&#10;B) &#8203;anaphase&#10;C) &#8203;prophase&#10;D) &#8203;telophase

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In which phase of the cell cycle...

Question 29

A pair of homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids, is called a ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;synapsis&#10;B) &#8203;chiasmata&#10;C) &#8203;centromere&#10;D) &#8203;tetrad

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pair of homologous chromosomes, each consisting...

Question 30

Cancer-causing agents are called ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;carcinomas&#10;B) &#8203;sarcomas&#10;C) &#8203;carcinogens&#10;D) &#8203;metastases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cancer-causing agents are called ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;carcinomas&#10;B) &#8203;sarcomas&#10;C)...

Question 31

We measure the energy contained in food as ____________________.&#10;&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of We measure the energy contained in food...

Question 32

&#8203;When we cut a finger, cells are repaired and replaced by ____.&#10;A) &#8203;mitosis&#10;B) &#8203;meiosis&#10;C) &#8203;spermatogenesis&#10;D) &#8203;oogenesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;When we cut a finger, cells are...

Question 33

&#8203;Development of eggs in females is called ____.&#10;A) &#8203;mitosis&#10;B) &#8203;oogenesis&#10;C) &#8203;spermatogenesis&#10;D) &#8203;cytogenesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Development of eggs in females is called...

Question 34

&#8203;The first meiotic division of oogenesis yields one large cell and one smaller cell called a(n) ____.&#10;A) &#8203;sperm&#10;B) oocyte&#10;C) &#8203;polar body&#10;D) &#8203;daughter cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;The first meiotic division of oogenesis yields...

Question 35

Which term refers to a fertilized egg?&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;gamete&#10;B) &#8203;zygote&#10;C) &#8203;sperm&#10;D) &#8203;ovum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term refers to a fertilized egg?&#8203;&#10;A)...

Question 36

Sister chromatids are attached to one another at the ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;spindle fiber&#10;B) &#8203;microtubule&#10;C) &#8203;aster&#10;D) &#8203;centromere

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sister chromatids are attached to one another...

Question 37

The nuclear membrane reforms during which phase of mitosis?&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;prophase&#10;B) &#8203;anaphase&#10;C) &#8203;telophase&#10;D) &#8203;metaphase

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nuclear membrane reforms during which phase...

Question 38

The term ____________________ describes the total chemical changes that occur in a cell.&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ____________________ describes the total chemical...

Question 39

Which term describes a cell with a full complement of chromosomes (2n)?&#10;A) &#8203;metaploid&#10;B) &#8203;haploid&#10;C) &#8203;diploid&#10;D) &#8203;triploid

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term describes a cell with a...

Question 40

Males who have an extra X chromosome (47,XXY) have ____.&#8203;&#10;A) &#8203;Tay-Sachs disease&#10;B) &#8203;Down syndrome&#10;C) &#8203;carcinoma&#10;D) &#8203;Klinefelter's syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Males who have an extra X chromosome...

Question 41

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;a reduction division

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;a...

Question 42

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;chromosomes shorten and thicken

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;chromosomes...

Question 43

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;chromosomes...

Question 44

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;process that builds larger molecules

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;process...

Question 45

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;division of the cytoplasm during the cell cycle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;division...

Question 46

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;sister...

Question 47

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;total chemical changes that occur inside a cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;total...

Question 48

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;cellular reproduction that forms two identical nuclei&#8203;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;cellular...

Question 49

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;large molecules broken down into smaller molecules

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;large...

Question 50

Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;final stage of mitosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matching&#10;&#8203;Match the description with the corresponding term.&#10;a.&#8203;metaphase&#10;b.&#8203;cytokinesis&#10;c.&#8203;catabolism&#10;d.&#8203;telophase&#10;e.&#8203;meiosis&#10;f.&#8203;anabolism&#10;g.&#8203;metabolism&#10;h.&#8203;prophase&#10;i.&#8203;mitosis&#10;j.anaphase&#10;&#8203;final...

Deck 4: Cellular Metabolism and Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis