Deck 23: Biochemical Energy Production

Question 1

How many NADH and FADH₂ molecules are produced, respectively, during one turn of the citric acid cycle?

A) two, two
B) three, one
C) one, three
D) two, three

Answer 1

three, one

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct general description of the reaction that occurs in the first step of the citric acid cycle?

A) C₂ + C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B) C₃ + C₃ $\rightarrow$ C₆
C) C₂ + C₂ + C₂ $\rightarrow$ C₆
D) C₄ + C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₆ + C₂

Answer 2

C₂ + C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₆

Question 3

The missing structural subunit in the following diagram for flavin adenine dinucleotide is

A) phosphate
B) ribose
C) ribitol
D) deoxyribose

Answer 3

ribitol

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct skeletal equation for a hydrolysis reaction involving adenosine phosphates?

A) ATP $\rightarrow$ ADP + 2P_i
B) ADP $\rightarrow$ AMP + 2P_i
C) ATP $\rightarrow$ AMP + PP_i
D) ATP $\rightarrow$ ADP + PP_i

Question 5

The number of membrane-bound protein complexes associated with the electron transport chain is

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 6

Which of the following sets of electron carriers is associated with the electron transport chain reactions that occur at protein complex I?

A) CoQ, FeSP, cyt b, cyt c
B) NADH, FMN, FeSP, CoQ
C) cyt c, cyt a, cyt a₃
D) FADH₂, FeSP, CoQ

Question 7

How many moles of ATP result from the entry of 2 moles of FADH₂ into the electron transport chain?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 8

In which two steps of the citric acid cycle are molecules of carbon dioxide produced?

A) steps two and five
B) steps three and five
C) steps three and four
D) steps four and six

Question 9

At which step in the electron transport chain does O₂ participate?

A) first step
B) second step
C) next to last step
D) last step

Question 10

The "fuel" for the citric acid cycle is

A) acetyl CoA
B) citric acid
C) citrate ion
D) oxaloacetate ion

Question 11

ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation depends on the passage of which of the following species through membrane-bound ATP synthase?

A) NADH
B) FADH₂
C) H⁺
D) NAD⁺

Question 12

How many ATP molecules result from the "processing" of 10 acetyl CoA molecule through the common metabolic pathway?

A) 20
B) 80
C) 100
D) 240

Question 13

Which of the following diagrams gives the correct identities and arrangement of the structural subunits in coenzyme A?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 14

Which of the following statements about metabolism is correct?

A) Metabolism is the sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism.
B) Anabolic reaction sequences usually produce energy.
C) A metabolic pathway may only be cyclic in which a series of reaction regenerates the first reactant.
D) The process of polysaccharide digestion is an anabolic process.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is correct?

A) The outer membrane of mitochondria is not permeable to any molecules.
B) The interior region of a mitochondrion is the intermembrane space.
C) The folds of the outer membrane are called cristae.
D) Mitochondria are located within the cellular cytosol.

Question 16

Which of the following electron carriers is not part of a membrane-bound protein complex in the electron transport chain?

A) FeSP
B) CoQ
C) cyt c₁
D) cyt a₃

Question 17

The correct notation for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is

A) NAD⁺
B) NAD
C) NADH
D) NADH₂

Question 18

In which of the following listings of citric acid cycle intermediates are the compounds listed in the order in which they are encountered in a turn of the cycle?

A) citrate, oxaloacetate, fumarate
B) isocitrate, succinyl CoA, oxaloacetate
C) fumarate, malate, alpha-ketoglutarate
D) oxaloacetate, succinate, citrate

Question 19

In which of the following pairs of metabolic carboxylate ions are both members of the pair derivatives of succinic acid?

A) malate, fumarate
B) oxaloacetate, citrate
C) fumarate, $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate
D) ( $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate, citrate)

Question 20

Which of the following citric acid intermediates is not a C₄ species?

A) malate
B) succinate
C) isocitrate
D) fumarate

Question 21

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) In the first step of the CAC, a C₂ molecule and a C₄ molecule combine to produce a C₆ molecule.
(2) ATP, ADP, and AMP differ from each other in the number of adenine subunits present.
(3) The process by which ATP is produced during the operation of the ETC is called oxidative phosphorylation.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 22

Which of the following carry electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron carriers of the electron transport chain?

A) CoA
B) NAD⁺
C) FADH₂
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

In which of the following citric acid cycle reactions does the coenzyme FAD participate?

A) citrate $\rightarrow$ isocitrate
B) succinate $\rightarrow$ fumarate
C) malate $\rightarrow$ oxaloacetate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning citric acid cycle reactions is correct?

A) Two secondary alcohol oxidations occur.
B) Water adds to a carbon-carbon double bond once.
C) Two phosphorylation reactions occur.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 25

Which of the following substances has two unsubstituted ribose molecules as structural subunits?

A) FADH₂
B) NAD⁺
C) CoA
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

At which protein complex site in the electron transport chain does proton pumping occur?

A) protein complex I
B) protein complex II
C) protein complex III
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 27

Which of the following is a correct letter designation for the reduced form of a coenzyme?

A) NAD⁺
B) FADH₂
C) NADH₂
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 28

Which of the following substances does not contain a B vitamin as a structural subunit?

A) flavin adenine dinucleotide
B) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C) coenzyme A
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 29

Which of the following are products of the citric acid cycle?

A) acetyl CoA and NAD⁺
B) acetyl CoA and CO₂
C) CO₂ and H₂O
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 30

Which of the following citric acid cycle intermediates is a C₄ species?

A) fumarate
B) citrate
C) malate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 31

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) High-energy phosphate compounds contain one or more strained bonds that release above-average amounts of energy when broken.
(2) In the ETC, NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺.
(3) The "fuel" for the CAC is acetyl CoA.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 32

Which of the following citric acid cycle intermediates is decarboxylated during the operation of the cycle?

A) oxaloacetate
B) isocitrate
C) succinate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 33

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is synthesized

A) from ATP synthase
B) from ADP
C) using energy from the dissipation of a "proton gradient"
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 34

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) In the last step of the ETC, molecular oxygen is converted to water.
(2) The B vitamin portion of the structure of coenzyme A, which involves riboflavin, is the reactive site in the molecule.
(3) All of the reactions of the CAC take place in the mitochondrial matrix.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 35

In a mitochondrion:

A) The inner membrane separates the matrix from the intermembrane space.
B) The inner membrane is more permeable than the outer membrane.
C) ATP-synthase complexes are found on the folds of the outer membrane.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 36

Which of the following substances is both a reactant and a product in the operation of the electron transport chain?

A) O₂
B) FADH₂
C) CoQ
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 37

Which of the following substances contains two or more high energy phosphate bonds?

A) ATP
B) ADP
C) AMP
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 38

Which of the following carriers transports electrons from protein complex I to protein complex III during operation of the electron transport chain?

A) cyt a₃
B) cyt c₁
C) FMN
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 39

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) FADH₂ is the oxidized form of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide.
(2) All of the electron carriers of the ETC contain iron, and one of them also contains copper.
(3) One turn of the CAC generates two CO₂ molecules, two NADH molecules, and two FAD₂ molecules.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 40

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Both ribosomes and mitochondria are examples of organelles.
(2) Cytochromes are heme-containing proteins that can undergo reversible oxidation and reduction.
(3) The electrons that pass through the various steps of the ETC lose some energy with each transfer along the chain.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 41

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the citric acid cycle reactions, select the type of molecules involved (in terms of number of carbon atoms present) using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Malate $\rightarrow$ oxaloacetate

A)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₅
C)C₅ $\rightarrow$ C₄
D)C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₄

Question 42

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Mitochondria contain a multifolded outer membrane and an inner membrane.
(2) Two of the electron carriers of the ETC transport chain are "mobile," moving between protein complex sites.
(3) The NADH and FAD₂ formed during the CAC carry electrons and H⁺ ions to the ETC.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 43

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The CO₂ molecules produced in the citric acid cycle are the CO₂ molecules we exhale in the process of respiration.
(2) The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is NAD⁺ and the reduced form is NADH₂.
(3) During ETC operation, a buildup of protons occurs on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 44

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Two ribose subunits are present in the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide.
(2) In the common metabolic pathway, 10 molecules of ATP are produced per acetyl CoA catabolized.
(3) The purpose of step 2 in the CAC is to convert a secondary alcohol to a tertiary alcohol.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 45

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the citric acid cycle reactions, select the type of molecules involved (in terms of number of carbon atoms present) using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Fumarate $\rightarrow$ malate

A)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₅
C)C₅ $\rightarrow$ C₄
D)C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₄

Question 46

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each of the citric acid cycle reactions as to type of reaction using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Fumarate $\rightarrow$ malate

A)oxidation of a 2 $\degree$ alcohol
B)oxidation with FAD as the oxidizing agent
C)hydration reaction
D)hydrolysis reaction

Question 47

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the molecular structural characteristics, select the correct molecule from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Contains a pantothenic acid subunit

A)ATP
B)CoA
C)FAD
D)NAD⁺

Question 48

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the citric acid cycle reactions, select the type of molecules involved (in terms of number of carbon atoms present) using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Isocitrate $\rightarrow$ $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate

A)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₅
C)C₅ $\rightarrow$ C₄
D)C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₄

Question 49

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the citric acid cycle reactions, select the type of molecules involved (in terms of number of carbon atoms present) using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Citrate $\rightarrow$ isocitrate

A)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₅
C)C₅ $\rightarrow$ C₄
D)C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₄

Question 50

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the molecular structural characteristics, select the correct molecule from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Does not contain a B vitamin as part of its structure

A)translation phase of protein synthesis
B)transcription phase of protein synthesis
C)replication of DNA
D)post-transcription phase of protein synthesis

Question 51

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Some, but not all, protein complex sites associated with the ETC serve as proton pumps.
(2) The rate at which the CAC operates is controlled by the body's need for ATP.
(3) Anabolic reactions usually require energy input in order to proceed.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 52

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each of the citric acid cycle reactions as to type of reaction using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Malate $\rightarrow$ oxaloacetate

A)oxidation of a 2 $\degree$ alcohol
B)oxidation with FAD as the oxidizing agent
C)hydration reaction
D)hydrolysis reaction

Question 53

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the molecular structural characteristics, select the correct molecule from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Reactive site in the molecule is a -SH group

A)translation phase of protein synthesis
B)transcription phase of protein synthesis
C)replication of DNA
D)post-transcription phase of protein synthesis

Question 54

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the citric acid cycle reactions, select the type of molecules involved (in terms of number of carbon atoms present) using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Succinate $\rightarrow$ fumarate

A)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₆
B)C₆ $\rightarrow$ C₅
C)C₅ $\rightarrow$ C₄
D)C₄ $\rightarrow$ C₄

Question 55

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the molecular structural characteristics, select the correct molecule from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Contains a ribitol subunit

A)translation phase of protein synthesis
B)transcription phase of protein synthesis
C)replication of DNA
D)post-transcription phase of protein synthesis

Question 56

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the molecular structural characteristics, select the correct molecule from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Contains a phosphorylated ribose subunit

A)translation phase of protein synthesis
B)transcription phase of protein synthesis
C)replication of DNA
D)post-transcription phase of protein synthesis

Question 57

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each of the citric acid cycle reactions as to type of reaction using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Isocitrate $\rightarrow$ $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate

A)oxidation of a 2 $\degree$ alcohol
B)oxidation with FAD as the oxidizing agent
C)hydration reaction
D)hydrolysis reaction

Question 58

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each of the citric acid cycle reactions as to type of reaction using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Succinyl CoA $\rightarrow$ succinate

A)oxidation of a 2 $\degree$ alcohol
B)oxidation with FAD as the oxidizing agent
C)hydration reaction
D)hydrolysis reaction

Question 59

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each of the citric acid cycle reactions as to type of reaction using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

-Succinate $\rightarrow$ fumarate

A)oxidation of a 2 $\degree$ alcohol
B)oxidation with FAD as the oxidizing agent
C)hydration reaction
D)hydrolysis reaction

Question 60

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Inhibition of the ETC is the mechanism by which cyanide exerts its deadly effect.
(2) Brown fat cells contain the uncoupling agent thermogenin, a protein that creates a proton channel through the outer mitochondrial membrane.
(3) One of the body's mechanisms for adaptation to cold is the production of brown fat tissue.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 61

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carrier characterizations, select the electron carrier's name using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Contains Fe and Cu

A)CoQ
B)cyt a₃
C)FMN
D)FeSP

Question 62

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carrier characterizations, select the electron carrier's name using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Interacts with FADH₂

A)CoQ
B)cyt a₃
C)FMN
D)FeSP

Question 63

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carriers, select the number of ETC protein complexes with which it is associated using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

FADH₂

A)one protein complex
B)two protein complexes
C)three protein complexes
D)four protein complexes

Question 64

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carrier characterizations, select the electron carrier's name using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Interacts with NADH

A)CoQ
B)cyt a₃
C)FMN
D)FeSP

Question 65

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carrier characterizations, select the electron carrier's name using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Interacts with molecular O₂

A)CoQ
B)cyt a₃
C)FMN
D)FeSP

Question 66

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carriers, select the number of ETC protein complexes with which it is associated using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

cyt c

A)one protein complex
B)two protein complexes
C)three protein complexes
D)four protein complexes

Question 67

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carriers, select the number of ETC protein complexes with which it is associated using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

cyt b

A)one protein complex
B)two protein complexes
C)three protein complexes
D)four protein complexes

Question 68

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carrier characterizations, select the electron carrier's name using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Contains Fe but not Cu

A)CoQ
B)cyt a₃
C)FMN
D)FeSP

Question 69

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carriers, select the number of ETC protein complexes with which it is associated using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

NADH

A)one protein complex
B)two protein complexes
C)three protein complexes
D)four protein complexes

Question 70

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the ETC electron carriers, select the number of ETC protein complexes with which it is associated using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

CoQ

A)one protein complex
B)two protein complexes
C)three protein complexes
D)four protein complexes