Deck 15: Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

What two functional groups are never found at the end of a carbon chain?

A) alcohol and aldehyde
B) ether and aldehyde
C) alcohol and ketone
D) ether and ketone

Answer 1

ether and ketone

Question 2

What is the IUPAC name of the aldehyde whose common name is acetaldehyde?

A) ethanal
B) methanal
C) propanal
D) 1-methylethanal

Answer 2

ethanal

Question 3

Hydrolysis of an acetal in an acid solution would yield

A) an aldehyde, a ketone, and one alcohol
B) an aldehyde, a ketone, and two alcohols
C) an aldehyde or a ketone and one alcohol
D) an aldehyde or a ketone and two alcohols

Answer 3

an aldehyde or a ketone and two alcohols

Question 4

Which of the following structural features is possessed by aldehydes but not ketones?

A) At least one hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom.
B) At least one hydroxyl group is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom.
C) The carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
D) The carbonyl carbon atom is part of a ring structure.

Question 5

A hemiacetal is a compound in which:

A) A hydroxy group and an alkoxy group are attached to the same carbon atom.
B) A hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.
C) Two alkoxy groups are attached to the same carbon atom.
D) Two alkoxy groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

Question 6

The structural difference between a hemiacetal and an acetal is the replacement of

A) a -OH group with an -OR group
B) an H atom with an -OR group
C) an H atom with a -OH group
D) a -OR group with a -OH group

Question 7

When an alcohol molecule adds across a carbon-oxygen double bond of an aldehyde or ketone, the

A) H atom from the alcohol bonds to the carbonyl carbon atom
B) OH portion from the alcohol bonds to the carbonyl oxygen atom
C) OR portion from the alcohol bonds to the carbonyl carbon atom
D) OH portion from the alcohol bonds to the carbonyl carbon atom

Question 8

The IUPAC name for the compound is

A) 2-methyl-2-pentanone
B) 2-methyl-4-pentanone
C) 4-methyl-2-pentanone
D) 2-methyl-4-pentaketone

Question 9

What is the product when is reduced using H₂ gas and an Ni catalyst?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 10

The oxidizing agent in the Tollen's test for the presence of an aldehyde is

A) Ag⁺
B) Ag
C) Cu²⁺
D) Cu₂O

Question 11

How many saturated noncyclic six-carbon ketones are there?

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 12

The IUPAC name for the compound is

A) acetaldehyde
B) propionaldehyde
C) 1-ethanal
D) propanal

Question 13

Ketones may be prepared by the oxidation of

A) primary alcohols
B) secondary alcohols
C) tertiary alcohols
D) aldehydes

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonding is correct?

A) Ketone molecules can hydrogen bond to each other.
B) Aldehyde molecules can hydrogen bond to each other.
C) Both ketone molecules and aldehyde molecules can hydrogen bond to each other.
D) Aldehyde molecules cannot hydrogen bond to other aldehyde molecules.

Question 15

Two other acceptable names for the compound acetone are

A) propanone and diethyl ketone
B) ethanone and methyl ethyl ketone
C) propanone and dimethyl ketone
D) ethanone and diethyl ketone

Question 16

Which of the following statements concerning aldehydes and ketones is correct?

A) No cyclic ketones exist.
B) No cyclic aldehydes exist.
C) Both cyclic aldehydes and cyclic ketones exist.
D) Neither cyclic aldehydes nor cyclic ketones exist.

Question 17

The simplest aldehyde and ketone each contain how many carbon atoms, respectively?

A) one and one
B) one and three
C) two and two
D) two and three

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning the oxidation of aldehydes and ketones is correct?

A) Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation and ketones are resistant to oxidation.
B) Ketones readily undergo oxidation and aldehydes are resistant to oxidation.
C) Both aldehydes and ketones readily undergo oxidation.
D) Both aldehydes and ketones are resistant to oxidation.

Question 19

Which of the following structural features is common to both aldehydes and ketones?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Comparison of the boiling points of aldehydes and ketones with those of other compounds of similar molecular mass shows that they are

A) lower than those of alkanes and alcohols
B) higher than those of alcohols
C) about the same as those of alkanes and alcohols
D) higher than those of alkanes

Question 21

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Cyclic hemiacetals are usually more stable than noncyclic hemiacetals.
(2) A carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom joined by a double bond.
(3) The compound benzaldehyde contain six carbon atoms.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 22

In which of the following pairs of compounds does the first listed compound have a greater water solubility than the second listed compound?

A) butanal, methanal
B) propanone, 2-pentanone
C) hexanal, 2-butanone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

Which of the following compounds would be resistant to oxidation with a mild oxidizing agent?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 24

Which of the following pairings of aldehyde common and IUPAC names is correct?

A) acetaldehyde and methanal
B) 2-methylbutyraldehyde and 2-methylbutanal
C) formaldehyde and ethanal
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 25

Which of the following aldehydes is paired with an incorrect IUPAC name?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

Hydrogenation, with a catalyst, of which of the following compounds would produce a four-carbon alcohol?

A) butanal
B) 2-butanone
C) diethylketone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 27

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The simplest aldehyde is formaldehyde, and the simplest ketone is acetone.
(2) Carbonyl group polarity makes dipole-dipole interactions between like aldehyde molecules or like ketone molecules possible.
(3) Reaction of a hemiacetal with an alcohol produces an acetal.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 28

Which of the following types of compounds contains a carbon-sulfur double bond?

A) a thial (thioaldehyde)
B) a thione (thioketone)
C) a sulfoxide
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 29

Which of the following compounds is a constitutional isomer of 2-pentanone?

A) 3-methyl-2-pentanone
B) 3-methyl-2-butanone
C) isopropyl methyl ketone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 30

In which of the following pairings of compound types does the first listed compound type contain more alkoxy groups than the second listed compound type?

A) acetal, hemiacetal
B) hemiacetal, acetal
C) aldehyde, hemiacetal
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 31

Which of the following statements concerning a carbonyl group is incorrect?

A) It is polar.
B) It contains two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom.
C) It is present in both aldehydes and ketones.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 32

Which of the following compounds would be named as a ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 33

Which of the following is a product of the acid hydrolysis of the following compound?

A) methyl alcohol
B) ethyl alcohol
C) propanone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 34

Oxidation of which of the following alcohols will produce a ketone?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 35

Which of the following pairings of ketone IUPAC and common names is correct?

A) 2-methyl-3-pentanone and methyl propyl ketone
B) 3-methyl-2-pentanone and isopropyl methyl ketone
C) propanone and dimethyl ketone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 36

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Aldehydes and ketones readily undergo oxidation to carboxylic acids.
(2) Propanone and dimethyl ketone are two names for the same compound.
(3) The "silver mirror test" distinguishes between aldehydes and ketones.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 37

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Acetals contain three oxygen atoms, and hemiacetals contain two oxygen atoms.
(2) Reduction of an aldehyde, using hydrogen gas, produces a primary alcohol.
(3) In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group can be located on either carbon 1 or carbon 2.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 38

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) In a "dial" two aldehyde groups are present.
(2) Formaldehyde readily participates in polymer formation.
(3) Primary alcohol oxidation is a method for producing ketones.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 39

Which of the following is a correct notation for the aldehyde functional group?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 40

Which of the following compounds contains seven carbon atoms?

A) benzaldehyde
B) acetophenone
C) benzophenone
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 41

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list the number of constitutional isomers that exist. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Molecular formula of C₄H₈O

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 42

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Butanal and butanone are both correct IUPAC names.
(2) The two alcohol molecules produced when an acetal molecule undergoes hydrolysis are always identical.
(3) Aldehydes and ketones are both classified as carbonyl-containing compounds.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 43

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list the number of constitutional isomers that exist. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Methylcyclohexanone

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 44

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Acetone Propanal

A) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds
B) both contain a carbon ring system
C) contain the same number of carbon atoms but have different molecular formulas
D) two names for the same compound

Question 45

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Butanal and 2-butanone are constitutional isomers.
(2) The linear notation for an aldehyde is RCOH and that for a ketone is RCOR.
(3) Water molecules can hydrogen bond with aldehyde and ketone molecules.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 46

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each set of reactants, select a correct product characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Hemiacetal, alcohol, acid catalyst

A) hemiacetal
B) acetal
C) alkene
D) alcohol

Question 47

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The compound 4-oxopentanal contains both an aldehyde and an ether functional group.
(2) An alkoxy group and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom are present in both hemiacetals and acetals.
(3) Cyclic aldehyde structures are possible but cyclic ketone structures are not possible.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 48

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each set of reactants, select a correct product characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Aldehyde, hydrogen, Ni catalyst

A) hemiacetal
B) acetal
C) alkene
D) alcohol

Question 49

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) In the IUPAC nomenclature system, an aldehyde group has priority over a ketone group.
(2) Addition of an alcohol molecule across the carbon-oxygen double bond of an aldehyde produces a compound in which the carbonyl carbon atom bears both an alkoxy group and a hydroxy group.
(3) 2-propenal contains two fewer hydrogen atoms than propionaldehyde.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 50

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each set of reactants, select a correct product characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Aldehyde, alcohol, acid catalyst

A) hemiacetal
B) acetal
C) alkene
D) alcohol

Question 51

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each compound in terms of functional groups present using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Pentanal

A)one aldehyde functional group
B)two aldehyde functional groups
C)one ketone functional group
D)one aldehyde and one ketone functional group

Question 52

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each set of reactants, select a correct product characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Ketone, two alcohols, acid catalyst

A) hemiacetal
B) acetal
C) alkene
D) alcohol

Question 53

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Diethylketone Pentanal

A) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds
B) both contain a carbon ring system
C) contain the same number of carbon atoms but have different molecular formulas
D) two names for the same compound

Question 54

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Heptanal Benzaldehyde

A) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds
B) both contain a carbon ring system
C) contain the same number of carbon atoms but have different molecular formulas
D) two names for the same compound

Question 55

Use the following to answer the questions below:
Characterize each compound in terms of functional groups present using the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Pentanedial

A)one aldehyde functional group
B)two aldehyde functional groups
C)one ketone functional group
D)one aldehyde and one ketone functional group

Question 56

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list the number of constitutional isomers that exist. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Saturated four-carbon aldehyde

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 57

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list the number of constitutional isomers that exist. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Saturated noncyclic five-carbon ketone

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 58

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The lachrymator in wood smoke is formaldehyde.
(2) The skin pigment melanin is a polymeric substance containing many interconnected aldehyde units.
(3) Benedict's test can be used to detect glucose in urine (diabetes) because glucose contains an aldehyde group.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 59

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list the number of constitutional isomers that exist. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Saturated four-carbon monochloroaldehyde

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 60

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Acetaldehyde Ethanal

A) have the same molecular formula but are different compounds
B) both contain a carbon ring system
C) contain the same number of carbon atoms but have different molecular formulas
D) two names for the same compound

Question 61

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the reaction types, select from the response list the type of organic compound produced. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Oxidation of

A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) alcohol
D) no reaction occurs

Question 62

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the reaction types, select from the response list the type of organic compound produced. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Oxidation of

A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) alcohol
D) no reaction occurs

Question 63

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the reaction types, select from the response list the type of organic compound produced. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Reduction of

A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) alcohol
D) no reaction occurs

Question 64

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the reaction types, select from the response list the type of organic compound produced. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Reduction of

A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) alcohol
D) no reaction occurs

Question 65

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the reaction types, select from the response list the type of organic compound produced. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Oxidation of

A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) alcohol
D) no reaction occurs

Question 66

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each set of reactants, select a correct product characterization from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Ketone, hydrogen, Ni catalyst

A) hemiacetal
B) acetal
C) alkene
D) alcohol