Deck 15: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Question 1

What general transcription factor is most often affected by regulatory transcription factors?

A) TFIIB
B) TFIID
C) TFIIE
D) TFIIF

Answer 1

B

Question 2

CpG islands are associated with which of the following?

A) Nucleosome location
B) DNA methylation
C) Steroid hormone activity
D) cAMP pathway

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A repressor protein would enhance the ability of TFIID to bind to the TATA box of the promoter.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What activates CREB?

A) Binding of cAMP
B) Phosphorylation
C) Dimerization
D) Lowering of cAMP concentration
E) Binding to GRE

Question 5

If a portion of a transcription factor's domain is the same in a variety of organisms, it is called a motif.

Question 6

Activator proteins bind to silencer sequences and repressor proteins bind to enhancer sequences.

Question 7

Genomic imprinting is a result of ________.

A) Nucleosome location
B) Histone activation
C) DNA methylation
D) Serine to leucine changes in the genetic code

Question 8

What would be the result of a mutation in Hsp90 that prevented its binding to the glucocorticoid receptor?

A) Glucocorticoid receptor could not form a dimer
B) The nuclear localization signal would no longer function
C) Expression of the regulated genes would become constitutive
D) The hormone would not be able to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor

Question 9

A heterodimer occurs when two identical transcription factors interact on a sequence of DNA.

Question 10

Which one of the following directly interacts with the DNA as a transcriptional regulator?

A) cAMP
B) G protein
C) Protein kinase A
D) CREB protein dimer
E) Glucocorticoid response element

Question 11

Select all structural motifs that promote protein dimerization.

A) Leucine zipper
B) Helix-loop-helix
C) Helix-turn-helix
D) Zinc finger

Question 12

Histone acetyltransferases are directly involved in which of the following?

A) Removal of histones from chromatin
B) Movement of nucleosomes
C) Chemical modification of histones
D) Termination of gene expression
E) Insertion of variant histone proteins

Question 13

Which of the following is a region in DNA that binds to a steroid receptor?

A) GRE
B) IRE
C) CRE
D) CREB

Question 14

A mutation in which of the following would result in little or no effect on the expression of a gene regulated by a CRE?

A) G protein
B) Adenylyl cyclase
C) Protein kinase A
D) CREB
E) Glucocorticoid receptor

Question 15

Prior to hormone binding, receptors for steroid hormones are usually found in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 16

cAMP is known as a second messenger since the pathway is first activated by a extracellular signaling molecule.

Question 17

Transcription factors are proteins that influence the ability of the RNA polymerase to transcribe a gene.

Question 18

Which of the following recognizes response elements, control elements, and regulatory elements?

A) General transcription factors
B) Regulatory transcription factors
C) Mediator
D) Transactivation domains

Question 19

Steroid hormones are an example of an effector which regulates regulatory transcription factor activity.

Question 20

Which DNA sequence would also work in place of the following bi-directional enhancer? 5' GTTC 3'
3' CAAG 5'

A) 5' GAAC 3' 3' CTTG 5'
B) 5' CTTG 3' 3' GAAC 5'
C) 5' CAAG 3' 3' GTTC 5'
D) 5' CTTC 3' 3' GAAG 5'

Question 21

DNA that contains actively transcribed genes would most likely contain chromatin in the closed configuration.

Question 22

Insulators exert their effects on gene expression through histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and RNA polymerase.

Question 23

Which of the following might complicate the interpretation of ChIP-Seq data?

A) Because histones can be moved around or ejected from the chromatin, DNA that is only sometimes wrapped around a histone might not be sequenced.
B) DNA wrapped around nucleosomes can never be sequenced.
C) The regions of DNA wrapped around a histone is too long to be sequenced with current technologies.
D) The DNA between nucleosomes are too compacted to be sequenced.

Question 24

What might happen if the insulator between two genes is missing?

A) Without the insulator, neither gene can be transcribed.
B) Transcription factors influencing one gene's expression may abnormally influence a neighboring gene's expression.
C) Transcription factors will not be able to influence the expression of either gene.
D) Without insulation, both genes will be expressed at maximal levels.
E) Transcription factors will not be able to bind to the insulator.

Question 25

In ChIP-Seq, the DNA fragments to be sequenced are around 150 bp in length. What does this size of DNA represent?

A) The length of a promoter
B) The amount of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome
C) The average length of a gene
D) The average distance between genes
E) The amount of DNA between nucleosomes

Question 26

Which of the following is the most likely location of an insulator sequence?

A) At the end of a gene
B) In the middle of a gene
C) At the beginning of a gene
D) Between two genes
E) Within an intron

Question 27

A particular gene has a mutation in its NFR that causes it to bind abnormally tightly to histones. What effect would you expect this mutation has on the expression of this gene?

A) The expression of the gene would be abnormally high.
B) The effect on gene expression is impossible to predict.
C) The gene would encode a different protein instead.
D) The expression of the gene would be abnormally low or absent.
E) The promoter of the gene will be constantly available to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.

Question 28

A particular cell contains all of the standard histones but lacks several histone variants. Which of the following MAY be true of this cell?

A) The cell will be completely unable to remodel its chromatin.
B) The cell will have an enhanced ability to chemically modify its histones.
C) The cell will be unable to express any of its genes at all.
D) The cell will express different sets of genes than other cells in the same organism.
E) The cell will not be able to divide.

Question 29

A transactivation domain is an example of a motif found in transcription factors.

Question 30

The activity of some transcription factors can be regulated by covalent modifications.

Question 31

Methylation of DNA bases is one way that regulatory transcription factors may influence gene expression.

Question 32

Which DNA sequence important for gene expression is usually contained within the NFR?

A) Core promoter
B) CREB binding site
C) Histone binding site
D) Transcription termination sequence
E) Hormone response element

Question 33

In the presence of abundant iron in the cell, the iron binds IRP. The complex is then released from IREs leading to

A) an increase in ferritin mRNA translation and a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability.
B) an increase in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and a decrease in ferritin mRNA translation.
C) an increase in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and ferritin mRNA translation.
D) an decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability and ferritin mRNA translation.

Question 34

For which of the following histones has variant forms not yet been identified?

A) H1
B) H2A
C) H2B
D) H3
E) H4

Question 35

Which of the following is a major finding from the ENCODE project?

A) More than 80% of the human genome sequence is linked to a biological function.
B) In humans, one gene encodes exactly one protein.
C) Genes were identified for all known diseases.
D) There are more than 10 million regulatory sites in human DNA.

Question 36

Nucleosome location may be changed by a process called ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling.

Question 37

When a glucocorticoid hormone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, HSP90 is released.

Question 38

DNA methylation usually activates gene expression.

Question 39

Housekeeping genes are unmethylated and active in most cells.