Deck 1: Overview of Genetics

Question 1

The changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time is called ________.

A) homologous recombination
B) model organisms studies
C) genetic crosses
D) biological evolution
E) hypothesis testing

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding natural selection?

A) It is based on competition for resources
B) Beneficial traits are passed on to the next generation
C) It enables a species to become better adapted to its environment
D) It may drastically change a species over time
E) All of the answers are correct

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be ________.

A) morphs
B) alleles
C) haploid
D) homologs
E) physiological traits

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The basic unit of heredity is the ________.

A) individual
B) gene
C) macromolecule
D) trait
E) none of the answers are correct

Question 5

Alternate versions of a specific gene are called ________.

A) nucleotides
B) chromosomes
C) alleles
D) traits
E) none of the answers are correct

Question 6

A species that contains two copies of each chromosome is called ________.

A) a genetic mutation
B) a morph
C) haploid
D) diploid
E) alleles

Question 7

A variation of a gene is called a(n) ________.

A) species
B) morph
C) genome
D) allele
E) proteome

Question 8

Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following?

A) Morphological differences
B) Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA
C) Carbohydrate content of the cell
D) Translation

Question 9

________ is the use of a gene sequence to synthesize a functional protein.

A) Loss-of-function mutation
B) Gene expression
C) The human genome project
D) Proteomics
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 10

The differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population are called ________.

A) species variation
B) genetic mutations
C) genetic variation
D) natural selection
E) none of the answers are correct

Question 11

The building blocks of DNA are the ________.

A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) enzymes
D) nucleotides
E) lipids

Question 12

The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at the ________ level of biological organization.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Question 13

A characteristic that an organism displays is called ________.

A) a gene
B) a chromosome
C) DNA
D) gene expression
E) a trait

Question 14

In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are ________.

A) diploid
B) haploid
C) genetic mutations
D) morphs
E) none of the answers are correct

Question 15

RNA is formed by the process of ________.

A) transcription
B) translation
C) both transcription and translation
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 16

A cell that makes up the body structure of an organism and is diploid is ________.

A) a gamete
B) a somatic cell
C) an allele
D) rare
E) a sperm cell

Question 17

Three populations of an organism, each with drastically different external markings, but still members of the same species, would be called ________.

A) homologs
B) mutants
C) communities
D) alleles
E) morphs

Question 18

If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown?

A) Catabolic enzymes
B) Nucleotides
C) Anabolic enzymes
D) Lipids
E) Chromosomes

Question 19

If a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species, they are at the ________ level of study.

A) population
B) organismal
C) cellular
D) molecular

Question 20

Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell?

A) Nucleic acids
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Enzymes
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 21

Which of the following studies how the forces of nature have influenced the spread of traits?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 22

What is the difference between hypothesis testing and discovery-based research?

A) Hypotheses can be validated or invalidated while discovery-based research relies more on collection and analysis of data without a hypothesis.
B) Discovery-based science can be validated or invalidated while hypothesis based research relies more on collection and analysis of data.
C) There is only one type of experimental approach, both terms describe the same approach.
D) Hypothesis-based research results in believable science while discovery-based research results in unreliable conclusions.

Question 23

________ influence the physical appearance of an organism.

A) Morphological traits
B) Physiological traits
C) Behavioral traits

Question 24

DNA stores the information needed for the synthesis of cellular ________.

A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids

Question 25

Which of the following studies the relationship between genetic variation and the environment?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 26

Which of the following studies the effects of loss-of-function mutations?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 27

The class of macromolecules that are primarily responsible for catabolic and anabolic activities in a cell are

A) nucleic acids.
B) proteins.
C) lipids.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 28

Change in a population over time is called biological evolution.

Question 29

A scientist observes two new birds that appear to be morphologically similar. In order to explain these observations, which strategy should the scientist employ as a first step?

A) Propose a hypothesis
B) Relate structure and function
C) Analyze data
D) Use statistics

Question 30

Which of the following uses a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 31

Sexual reproduction decreases the genetic variation of a species.

Question 32

Both genes and the ________ influence the traits of an organism.

A) genome
B) environment
C) population

Question 33

Which of the following began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the 19th century?

A) Population genetics
B) Transmission genetics
C) Molecular genetics

Question 34

Gene expression involves the process of transcription and translation.