Deck 22: Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following organisms is used by molecular biologists to produce transgenic plants?

A) E. coli
B) Plasmid pSC101
C) Bacteriophage l
D) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bioremediation has been used to treat which of the following?

A) Oil spills
B) Sewage
C) Pesticides
D) Heavy metals
E) All of the answers have been successfully remediated

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells?

A) Embryonic stem cells
B) Embryonic germ cells
C) Embryonic carcinoma cells
D) Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the production of transgenic plants, what selectable marker is most commonly used to indicate that a cell has taken up the T DNA that includes the cloned gene?

A) Ampicillin
B) Neomycin
C) Streptomycin
D) Kanamycin

Question 5

The origins of which of the following cell types creates the least amount of ethical debate?

A) EG cells
B) EC cells
C) Hematopoietic stem cells
D) ES cells

Question 6

What is the purpose of the cyanogen bromide (CNBr) in the manufacture of insulin and somatostatin by recombinant bacteria?

A) Allows for the uptake of the plasmid
B) Enhances the activity of the restriction enzymes
C) Creates sticky ends for integration into the plasmid
D) Cleaves the protein from the beta-galactosidase protein

Question 7

Why was the addition of methionine necessary during the production of somatostatin by recombinant bacteria?

A) So that it was compatible with the restriction enzyme
B) As a selectable marker
C) To allow the somatostatin to link to a bacterial protein
D) To increase the length of the peptide to make it more commercial

Question 8

Cells that have undergone homologous recombination for gene replacement would have which of the following gene combinations?

A) Only the cloned gene
B) Only the original gene
C) Both the cloned and original gene
D) Neither the cloned or original gene

Question 9

Which of the following terms represents a cell that can form any other cell of the organism?

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent

Question 10

The primary interest of genetic research into stem cells is the desire to be able to clone a human being.

Question 11

In the treatment of ADA deficiency and SCID, which cell type was targeted for gene therapy?

A) Fibroblasts
B) Embryonic stem cells
C) Hematopoietic stem cells
D) Lymphocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 12

Which of the following mechanisms uses high-velocity microprojectiles, coated with DNA, to produce a transgenic plant?

A) A. tumefaciens
B) Electroporation
C) Microinjection
D) Biolistic gene transfer

Question 13

Hematopoietic stem cells are ________.

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent
D) Multipotent

Question 14

Which of the following is not an advantage of a transgenic plant?

A) Widely accepted by the public
B) Increased resistance to disease and pests
C) Adaptability to harsh environments
D) Improved shelf life

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell?

A) embryonic stem cells
B) red blood cells
C) fetal heart cells
D) umbilical cord blood
E) nerve cells

Question 16

The first human diseases that was successfully treated using gene therapy was ________.

A) Diabetes
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Severe combined immunodeficiency diseases
D) Muscular dystrophy

Question 17

Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9-10 year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred?

A) The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the lab
B) Nonhomologous recombination
C) A mutation enhanced the rate of aging
D) Dolly was not a clone
E) The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shortening

Question 18

Which of the following cells is not pluripotent?

A) ES cells
B) EG cells
C) None of the answers are pluripotent
D) Both ES and EG are pluripotent

Question 19

Which of the following can be used as a vector for gene therapy?

A) Liposomes
B) Parvoviruses
C) Adenoviruses
D) Retroviruses
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 20

The first hormone to be made by recombinant bacteria was ________.

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Somatostatin
D) Testosterone

Question 21

When researchers produced a gene knockin by introducing the mutant human β-globin gene into mice, the resulting mice showed very severe symptoms of the disease.

Question 22

All stem cells have the potential to differentiate

Question 23

Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body.

Question 24

A major disadvantage with current gene therapy techniques using viral vectors is the possibility of an immune response against the virus.

Question 25

The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.

Question 26

Identical twins are an example of gene cloning.

Question 27

The reduction of pollutants in the environment by microorganisms is called biodegradation.

Question 28

Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.

Question 29

By creating gene knockouts, researchers can study how the loss of normal gene function affects the organism

Question 30

Lipid vesicles that are used to introduce DNA into a cell for gene therapy are called liposomes.

Question 31

An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent.

Question 32

The use of microorganisms or their products to alleviate plant disease is called biological control.

Question 33

A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cells

Question 34

A possible explanation for a lack of observable phenotypic change in a knockout mouse may involve gene redundancy

Question 35

In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.

Question 36

The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.

Question 37

A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA integrated into its genome.