Deck 16: Epilogue: Death and Dying

Question 1

As adults become parents, they take fewer risks and more precautions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One function of mourning customs is to allow for public displays of grief.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Hospice care makes use of a variety of medical interventions to delay death.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Michael barely survived a horrendous car crash. As he lay on the road close to death, he said he was surrounded by a white light and felt joy and peace. He was experiencing palliative care.

Question 5

A large number of people-about 30 percent-experience complicated grief.

Question 6

Death occurs later today than it did 100 years ago.

Question 7

A good death is often considered to be one that is quick, peaceful, and in the presence of family and friends.

Question 8

The Netherlands has permitted active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide since 2002.

Question 9

Terror management theory explains some illogical responses to death, including why young people may engage in risky behaviors.

Question 10

Fear of death tends to subside in middle age.

Question 11

Children do not understand death.

Question 12

A divorced spouse may feel disenfranchised grief after the death of their former partner.

Question 13

Physician-assisted suicide is legal in most U.S. states.

Question 14

Incomplete grief may result when a police investigation or autopsy follows a death.

Question 15

Physician-assisted suicide is used in about 25 percent of all deaths in the Netherlands.

Question 16

An advance directive is an individual's instructions regarding end-of-life medical care.

Question 17

According to Kübler-Ross, the final stage of dying is denial.

Question 18

In recent decades, many people everywhere have become less religiously devout, and mourning practices are less ritualized.

Question 19

The double effect is considered unethical and is illegal in most states.

Question 20

Passive euthanasia is illegal everywhere.

Question 21

Poet Dylan Thomas didn't want his father to die or to go easily into death. Why do adults express this kind of sentiment about other people's death?

A) It helps them to defend against the fear of aging and untimely death.
B) They don't want to lose their loved ones to death.
C) They aren't sure they will be able to get time off to attend the funeral.
D) It helps keep them motivated to live healthily.

Question 22

Adolescents' use of the Internet to write to the dead person or to vent their grief is _____.

A) unhealthy denial
B) unhealthy withdrawal from the family
C) an effective way to express their identity concerns
D) a sign of their self-absorption

Question 23

Children who are terminally ill fear that death means they will be _____.

A) abandoned
B) in pain
C) sad
D) bored

Question 24

Only those with pathological grief seek to assign blame after the death of a loved one.

Question 25

One hundred years ago, most people died _____, while today they most often die in a hospital.

A) at home
B) at birth
C) while working
D) in public spaces

Question 26

If individuals do not move on quickly after grieving the loss of a loved one, pathological incomplete grief will result.

Question 27

According to _____, adolescents and emerging adults engage in high-risk behaviors to cope with their fear of death.

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) terror management theory
C) reincarnation
D) bereavement

Question 28

In Korea, how did religious practice change with regard to autopsies?

A) Religious leaders forbid autopsies.
B) A religious service was developed for people whose bodies have been donated for autopsy.
C) Egyptian traditions were fused with Korean customs.
D) Most people abandoned religious ceremonies because of their opposition to autopsies.

Question 29

Diversity within religions about responses to death is evident in the issue of autopsies, as _____.

A) every religion prohibits it
B) most religions require it
C) many religious leaders speak against it, but individuals do it anyway
D) each religion has opinions both for and against it

Question 30

In an effort to reduce binge drinking on campus, the university initiated an information campaign to raise awareness. Within weeks of the beginning of the campaign, binge drinking incidents had increased. What is the best explanation for this?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) terror management theory
C) belief in reincarnation
D) bereavement

Question 31

Which of the following statements is a way that death today is different from 100 years ago?

A) Death occurs earlier.
B) Dying occurs faster.
C) Death impacts more children.
D) Dying has become less familiar.

Question 32

Themes around death that occurred in all the known ancient cultures include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) mourners respond to death with a set of rituals
B) all dead bodies must be buried in the ground
C) actions in life impact what happens after death
D) an afterlife exists

Question 33

Earl, age 50, is terminally ill. He is primarily focused on _____.

A) his fear of death
B) the pain he might suffer
C) a fear of leaving something undone
D) planning his funeral

Question 34

Which of the following is a belief that a typical preschooler might hold following the death of his or her grandfather?

A) "I caused my grandfather to die because I told him he was boring."
B) "I'm glad my grandfather died, because he was boring."
C) "I should bring flowers to my grandmother because my grandfather died."
D) "I will say a prayer."

Question 35

A century age, the average life span worldwide was less than age _____. Today it is about age _____.

A) 40; 70
B) 20; 30
C) 50; 100
D) 30; 80

Question 36

How should adults deal with a child who has encountered death? They should _____.

A) tell the child that the dead person or animal is just sleeping
B) tell the child that it is best not to talk about things that are upsetting
C) listen to the child with full attention when the child talks about the death
D) quickly change the subject when the child talks about the death

Question 37

The fact that more people fear flying more than driving illustrates that attitudes about death tend to be _____.

A) largely informed by statistics
B) focused on the changes that individuals should make in order to live longer lives
C) major factors in our selection of transit
D) largely irrational

Question 38

In late adulthood, attitudes about death shift. Anxiety _____ while hope _____.

A) decreases; increases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) increases; decreases

Question 39

Mourning can sometimes take the form of public protest, typically seeking some particular redress.

Question 40

Laurel's mother has been reluctant to tell her that Grandpa George is dead. After keeping Laurel home with a babysitter during the funeral, her mother has said things like, "Grandpa George had to go away." But Laurel, who has heard adults talking about the death, senses that her mother is avoiding the topic and has come to the conclusion that _____.

A) adults just want to protect their children
B) the conversations were probably false and Grandpa George is just away for a while
C) death is a terrifying topic that even adults can't discuss
D) there are some things kids just shouldn't know

Question 41

Many developmentalists believe that one sign of mental health in older adults is _____.

A) denying death
B) feeling guilty for what is undone
C) accepting mortality
D) focusing on the limits of old age

Question 42

Which of the following is TRUE about older adults who think they may die soon?

A) They are more likely to want to spend time with a family member.
B) They are unlikely to believe in some kind of afterlife.
C) They give up on living.
D) They are unlikely to accept death as a part of life.

Question 43

Alison has just entered a hospice. She can expect _____.

A) pain management
B) artificial life-support systems
C) restricted visiting hours for family and close friends
D) to be resuscitated if she quits breathing on her own

Question 44

According to Kübler-Ross, the first stage of dying is _____.

A) anger
B) denial
C) depression
D) bargaining

Question 45

"Dad, why don't we go for a walk? You can watch the kids play soccer at the park," Spencer says. His father replies, "What's the point? Nothing really matters anymore." Which of Kübler-Ross's stages is Spencer's father in?

A) denial
B) anger
C) bargaining
D) depression

Question 46

Across cultures, a result of near-death experiences is _____.

A) an increased fear of death
B) scientific data on what happens to the dead
C) a loss of the will to live
D) a sense of hopefulness

Question 47

The work of _____ has been used to describe dying as a movement from a focus on physical needs through needs for love, safety, respect, and self-actualization, and finally to the acceptance of death.

A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Sigmund Freud
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 48

"Doctor, if you can find a new treatment that will cure me, I will buy the hospital a new cancer wing," Lily promises. Which of Kübler-Ross's stages is Lily in?

A) denial
B) anger
C) bargaining
D) depression

Question 49

Hospice care is expensive because it _____.

A) is labor-intensive
B) requires high-technology equipment
C) requires elaborate facilities
D) is so widely available

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a way that medical advances have made a bad death more likely?

A) Hospitals exclude visitors at the most critical point.
B) People are encouraged to fight death with surgery and drugs.
C) Death occurs at the end of a long life.
D) Drugs are used to manage pain, which can cause delirium or unconsciousness.

Question 51

Maslow has added a sixth stage to his hierarchy. This stage, called _____, emphasizes the acceptance of death by dying people.

A) self-actualization
B) self-transcendence
C) love and acceptance
D) acceptance

Question 52

One way that older people cope with their own mortality is through _____.

A) denying death
B) feeling guilty for what is undone
C) engaging in legacy work
D) focusing on the limits of old age

Question 53

Which of the following statements regarding hospice care is TRUE?

A) People are admitted only when there is reasonable chance for recovery.
B) Patients can be admitted only if death is likely within six months.
C) No medications are available once a patient moves into hospice.
D) Currently, no insurance companies cover hospice services.

Question 54

About _____ percent of individuals admitted to hospice die before the end of the first week of hospice care.

A) 25
B) 33
C) 50
D) 66

Question 55

In what way has modern medicine made a good death more likely?

A) by confining most deaths to hospitals and nursing homes
B) by increasing the general levels of health so that most deaths occur in old age
C) by not discussing the likelihood of death with patients so as not to scare them
D) by using whatever means necessary to prolong life at all times

Question 56

Mrs. Reginald has been diagnosed as terminally ill, but she insists that she will recover and believes that her laboratory results were mixed up or misinterpreted. Kübler-Ross would say that Mrs. Reginald is in the stage of _____.

A) acceptance
B) bargaining
C) denial
D) depression

Question 57

Henry was in critical condition when he arrived at the ER. His heart had stopped, but thanks to quick intervention he survived the ordeal. As he healed, he discussed having the sense of floating in light while feeling peace and joy. Henry seems to have _____.

A) been in a coma
B) had a near-death experience
C) accepted his mortality
D) had a good death

Question 58

W which of the following is a stage of dying based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) safety
B) denial
C) forgiveness
D) depression

Question 59

"Why me? You're an incompetent doctor!" Eric wails when his doctor delivers the news that his cancer has returned and that Eric has only three months to live. Which of Kübler-Ross's stages is Eric in?

A) denial
B) anger
C) bargaining
D) depression

Question 60

Which of the following descriptions is NOT characteristic of a good death?

A) peaceful
B) quick
C) in familiar surroundings
D) being alone

Question 61

A person who is in a state of deep unconsciousness from which he or she cannot be aroused _____.

A) is brain dead
B) is in a coma
C) has slipped into a vegetative state
D) has locked-in syndrome

Question 62

Nilda has just been evaluated by medical professionals. She cannot move any part of her body, except for her eyes, but brain waves are still apparent. The doctor explains that Nilda is not dead but _____.

A) has brain death
B) is in a coma
C) is in a vegetative state
D) has locked-in syndrome

Question 63

Of the reasons Oregon residents gave for requesting physician-assisted suicide, the LEAST common reason was _____.

A) loss of autonomy
B) loss of dignity
C) pain
D) loss of ability to enjoy life

Question 64

Oregon's law regarding assisted suicide requires the _____.

A) patient to enter hospice care
B) patient's illness to be confirmed by at least four physicians
C) dying person to request the lethal drugs twice orally and once in writing
D) consent of the next of kin

Question 65

Malcolm entered a state of deep unconsciousness after a serious accident. Although he is still breathing, his cognitive functions have ceased. His family and friends notice that his eyes occasionally open, and he sometimes makes sounds. Malcolm _____.

A) is in a coma
B) has brain death
C) is in a vegetative state
D) has locked-in syndrome

Question 66

Palliative care _____.

A) is the legal term for a living will
B) does not occur in a hospice setting
C) is not acceptable to most religions
D) provides relief from physical pain

Question 67

In _____, a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, without any medical intervention.

A) assisted suicide
B) passive euthanasia
C) a health care proxy
D) active euthanasia

Question 68

Which of the following is a common barrier to hospice care?

A) Patients and their families must accept death.
B) Patients must be within two weeks of death to be admitted.
C) Most people prefer to die in a hospital.
D) It is currently only available in England.

Question 69

A person with which of the following conditions is considered dead?

A) a coma
B) brain death
C) a vegetative state
D) locked-in syndrome

Question 70

A DNR order _____.

A) can be used only by hospice workers
B) allows a natural death
C) is not available to the terminally ill
D) is illegal in most U.S. states

Question 71

Medication that relieves pain but also slows respiration _____.

A) has a double effect
B) is a form of passive euthanasia
C) results in a good death
D) is part of hospice care

Question 72

The goal of palliative care is to _____.

A) relieve patients' pain and suffering
B) treat terminal illnesses
C) study the experience of the dying
D) treat advanced-stage diseases by any means possible

Question 73

After a meta-analysis of studies on end-of-life brain functioning, researchers confirmed two indicators of death are _____.

A) eye movement in the absence of brain waves and ceased respiration
B) slow brain waves and ceased respiration
C) eyes not responding to pain and the lack of heartbeat
D) no spontaneous breathing and eyes not responding to pain

Question 74

Opiates have a double effect, which can be demonstrated when they bo_____.

A) relieve pain and fight many infections
B) reduce sedation and cause delirium
C) relieve pain and slow respiration
D) fight many infections and slow respiration

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of passive euthanasia?

A) A doctor gives a patient a prescription for a lethal medication.
B) A husband injects his wife with an overdose of her medication, without her requesting this of him.
C) A patient asks his adult child to give him a lethal injection.
D) A doctor does not resuscitate a man who stops breathing because the man has a DNR order.

Question 76

A person in a state characterized by prolonged cessation of all brain activity, with a complete absence of voluntary movements, _____.

A) is brain dead
B) is in a coma
C) has slipped into a vegetative state
D) has locked-in syndrome

Question 77

An example of active euthanasia is when _____.

A) a doctor does not restore breathing after reading the patient's DNR order
B) health care professionals limit pain-killing drugs
C) someone turns off a patient's respirator
D) a patient refuses to eat

Question 78

Dr. Fernandez specializes in the relief of pain and suffering. She frequently prescribes pain medicines such as morphine for her terminally ill patients. Dr. Fernandez specializes in _____.

A) pharmacy
B) palliative care
C) physician-assisted suicide
D) terror management

Question 79

The definition of death that has been used by professionals around the world for more than 40 years states that death occurs when _____.

A) the person enters locked-in syndrome
B) the eyes alone respond to pain
C) noticeable respiration ceases
D) brain waves cease

Question 80

Rick is terminally ill and in constant pain. He has asked his doctor for a prescription drug he can use to end his life. If the doctor gives Rick the drug and Rick uses it to die, it is considered _____.

A) hospice care
B) physician-assisted suicide
C) passive euthanasia
D) palliative care