Deck 13: Adulthood: the Social World

Question 1

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of seriation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Aaron made two lines of toys with trucks in one line and cars in another. Aaron was exhibiting classification.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In the United States, the percentage of children with asthma has been stable for about the last two decades.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Asthma is NOT associated with environmental conditions.

Question 5

The percentage of overweight children has not increased in the past 20 years in North America.

Question 6

From age 6 to 11 fewer fatal diseases or serious accidents occur than at any other period in the life span.

Question 7

Children are overweight if their body mass index (BMI) is above the 85th percentile on the growth chart.

Question 8

Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as adolescence.

Question 9

When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children grow quickly and erratically.

Question 10

The logical principle by which things are organized into groupings or categories is known as identity.

Question 11

Dolly can count from 1 to 10 in order. This ability is due to the logical principle of conservation.

Question 12

School-age children are able to use logic about concrete things.

Question 13

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to concrete situations (real, tangible, visible).

Question 14

The high rate of childhood obesity in the United States is primarily due to heredity.

Question 15

Obesity is more common among children who were breast-fed.

Question 16

Piaget called the cognition of middle childhood preoperational thought.

Question 17

Preschool children who watch TV and drink soda are more likely to be obese.

Question 18

Birthplace seems to be a factor in whether a child develops asthma or not.

Question 19

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are related to their health in adolescence and adulthood.

Question 20

The hygiene hypothesis states that modern children are overprotected from viruses and bacteria, which does not allow their immune systems to strengthen.

Question 21

Metacognition is thinking about thinking.

Question 22

Long-term memory is large by the end of middle childhood.

Question 23

Massive interconnections in the brain allow children to master the ability to read.

Question 24

According to Vygotsky, a teacher can be an instructor to a 6-year-old child.

Question 25

Selective attention skills, such as the ability to ignore distractions while reading, are well-developed by age 6.

Question 26

Vygotsky believed that instruction was crucial for cognitive development.

Question 27

Within Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, from childhood on every experience teaches individuals something.

Question 28

More than 95 percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school.

Question 29

Shelby spoke to her best friend using slang; when she turned to speak to her teacher, she used formal English. Shelby was demonstrating metacognition.

Question 30

The memory system in which signals are held for a split second is called sensory memory.

Question 31

The part of the memory-processing system in which current, conscious mental activity occurs is known as long-term memory.

Question 32

A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area is referred to as knowledge foundation.

Question 33

Brian has slowly developed the ability to read and can now read without conscious control. This is referred to as reaction time efficiency.

Question 34

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how an animal's brain functions.

Question 35

To retain information in working memory, individuals must merely be exposed to the information.

Question 36

Selective attention improves between ages 6 and 10 due to cultural guidance and neurological maturation.

Question 37

The ability to understand and use metaphors results from a level of cognitive development that is typically attained during middle childhood.

Question 38

If you are able to write your name without consciously thinking about it after having practiced it repeatedly, then automatization has occurred.

Question 39

Control processes include emotional regulation, selective attention, and metacognition.

Question 40

Reaction time is the amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus.

Question 41

The Flynn effect has revealed that the average IQ of entire nations has decreased substantially over the past century.

Question 42

A nonpublic school that receives a public subsidy for tuition payment is referred to as a private school.

Question 43

The process by which children change from informal speech to proper speech when talking with teachers and most adults is known as code switching.

Question 44

Approximately 10 percent of children in the United States are home-schooled.

Question 45

An intelligence test is an example of an aptitude test.

Question 46

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state or local districts, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are charter schools.

Question 47

The PIRLS is the main international test of reading given to students.

Question 48

Due to attempts by U.S. political leaders, the education and performance gap between low- and high-SES students is decreasing.

Question 49

Classroom performance during elementary school differs more by gender than test performance does, with girls outperforming boys overall.

Question 50

The process of switching codes is limited to sentence and grammar usage.

Question 51

Everywhere in the world, children are taught to read, write, and do arithmetic.

Question 52

In the immersion approach to bilingual education, social communication in both languages is encouraged.

Question 53

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person is referred to as comorbidity.

Question 54

A school funded by tuition charges, endowments, and/or church sponsors is a voucher school.

Question 55

A federally sponsored test in the United States is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Question 56

Justino, a student from Brazil, is enrolled in an immersion class in the United States. This means that all instruction is conducted in English.

Question 57

The hidden curriculum includes explicitly stated rules that influence aspects of learning.

Question 58

If Beth is taking the main international test of science and math she is taking the PIRLS.

Question 59

The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders is developmental psychology.

Question 60

An intelligence test is an example of an achievement test.

Question 61

Rose asks Angie if she wants to play tag with a group of her friends. Angie joins the group of children. The children decide on the rules for tag and as they play they make sure that each child is following the rules. This informal, child-initiated game of tag is likely taking place _____.

A) in a neighborhood
B) in school
C) under the direction of a parent
D) in a sports league

Question 62

For a class project, Monroe is asked to identify why there has been a decrease in the number of deaths among children in recent decades. His research discovered that all of these factors were related to a lower death rate among children EXCEPT _____.

A) more physical activity
B) fewer serious accidents
C) more effective immunizations
D) fewer fatal illnesses

Question 63

The most common type of specific learning disorder is dyslexia.

Question 64

Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving _____.

A) overall physical health
B) academic achievement
C) mood and energy
D) oral health practices

Question 65

Children with special needs are usually educated in self-contained classrooms apart from other children so that they may receive specialized assistance.

Question 66

One method of educating gifted and talented students that has become popular in the United States is acceleration.

Question 67

In the response to intervention strategy, all children who perform below average receive extra assistance.

Question 68

The idea that human thoughts are affected by body health, comfort, position, and so on is a new concept called _____.

A) concrete operations
B) metacognition
C) embodied cognition
D) automatization

Question 69

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are _____.

A) unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood
B) related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood
C) unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood
D) related to their health in adolescence and adulthood

Question 70

David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has a sensory deficit.

Question 71

There is no one clear treatment protocol for autism spectrum disorder.

Question 72

When a child has been identified as having special needs, educators and other professionals consult with the child's parents to devise an individual education plan for the child.

Question 73

Each U.S. state selects and educates gifted and talented students. Across the country the selection and education processes can be different.

Question 74

When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children _____.

A) grow slowly and steadily
B) grow faster than they did in early childhood
C) grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12
D) have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years

Question 75

In the United States, about ____ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in the previous year.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 76

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children?

A) people no longer want to know their neighbors
B) parental obesity
C) the high incidence of juvenile diabetes
D) a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields

Question 77

Howard Gardner has identified three types of intelligence.

Question 78

About 1 out of every 500 children shows signs of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 79

Children with dyscalculia have trouble reading.

Question 80

Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as _____.

A) infancy
B) early childhood
C) middle childhood
D) adolescence