Deck 9: Adolescence: Body and Mind

Question 1

Sensation begins when an outer sense organ detects an incoming stimulus.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Shaking a baby causes neural connections to break and ruptures blood vessels in the brain.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Dendrite growth is the major reason that brain weight triples in the first two years.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The temporary increase in the number of dendrites in the first two years of life is known as transient exuberance.

Question 5

The circumference of the brain increases to three times its size in the first year of life.

Question 6

Infants usually triple their birth weight by the end of their first year.

Question 7

The typical newborn sleeps about 15 to 17 hours out of 24.

Question 8

Perception takes place in the corpus callosum.

Question 9

The average American newborn weighs about 8 pounds.

Question 10

Infants require toys that make noise, play music, beep, and sing in order for their brains to develop adequately.

Question 11

At birth, the brain contains more than 100 trillion neurons.

Question 12

For sensation to occur, one must be able to understand and comprehend the incoming stimuli.

Question 13

The last part of the brain to develop is the prefrontal cortex.

Question 14

Between 12 and 24 months, infant growth is generally slower than it was in the first year.

Question 15

Axons and dendrites intersect at a synapse.

Question 16

The speed of physical growth in the first year is continued during the second year.

Question 17

Most 2-year-olds weigh almost 28 pounds.

Question 18

Pruning neural connections improves neural communication and increases thinking ability.

Question 19

Two-year-olds are about 20 percent of their adult weight.

Question 20

Perception requires experience in addition to normal brain functioning.

Question 21

Newborns are especially responsive to rhythmic sounds such as lullabies.

Question 22

In a newborn, vision is not as well developed as hearing.

Question 23

Eli is 6 months old. He slaps the water repeatedly each time he is in the bathtub, squealing as the water splashes. His tendency to continue splashing water demonstrates his sensation and his attempt to make sense of it.

Question 24

There are five stages of sensorimotor intelligence.

Question 25

An example of a fine motor skill is transferring objects from one hand to the other.

Question 26

The five senses serve no purpose in comforting infants.

Question 27

Binocular vision is the ability to focus both eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image.

Question 28

Some herbs and plants contain natural substances that are medicinal, and thus the foods a particular culture eats may aid human survival.

Question 29

A child who begins walking independently at 12 months is close to the average age for accomplishing this skill.

Question 30

It is probable that as many as 4 billion children born between the years 1950 and 2015 would have died without the institution of public health practices.

Question 31

The food enjoyed in different cultures may aid in human survival.

Question 32

The child's abdomen typically swells with fluid with the disease called kwashiorkor.

Question 33

Stunting is a disease directly caused by malnutrition.

Question 34

Immunizations are useful in protecting children from diseases but not from the serious complications that result from childhood illness.

Question 35

According to Piaget, the period of sensorimotor intelligence comes to an end shortly after the first birthday.

Question 36

The fats and sugars used in formula make it more digestible than breast milk.

Question 37

One of the first acquired adaptations is an accommodation of reflexes-for example, the reflexes involved in sucking a pacifier.

Question 38

Henry is demonstrating his gross motor skills when he picks up Cheerios from his high-chair tray.

Question 39

It has been proven that infants feel as much pain as adults.

Question 40

Motor skills are used to control actions.

Question 41

Babies whose caregivers use child-directed speech learn language more slowly than babies whose caregivers use adult patterns in their speech.

Question 42

Babies in the fourth stage of sensorimotor intelligence work to achieve their goals.

Question 43

The sequence in which language development occurs depends on which language is spoken.

Question 44

A toddler in stage five of sensorimotor intelligence is a "little scientist."

Question 45

Eighteen-month-old babies display object permanence, but they also display the A-not-B error.

Question 46

A child's first word combinations-for example, "More cookie" or "My toy"-are called holophrases.

Question 47

The fourth stage of Piaget's sensorimotor intelligence is often referred to as ends to the means.

Question 48

Babies are unable to use their imaginations after completing each of Piaget's six stages of sensorimotor development.

Question 49

By 8 months of age, infants have an understanding of object permanence.

Question 50

The stage of tertiary circular reactions is when infants begin experimenting with thought and deed.

Question 51

A baby in Piaget's stage three of sensorimotor intelligence will attempt to make interesting events last.

Question 52

Deferred imitation is a kind of memory infants begin to exhibit at about 18 to 24 months of age.

Question 53

Babies in the stage of tertiary circular reactions explore the world, actively experimenting on their environment.

Question 54

Preverbal infants show a preference for child-directed over ordinary adult speech.

Question 55

One word used to express a complete thought is a holophrase.

Question 56

Piaget's theory has been criticized for being based on too large of a sample.

Question 57

The sequence of early language development is universal.

Question 58

Baby talk refers to the sounds made by babies and imitated by parents in the first few weeks after birth.

Question 59

Reminders can prolong a young infant's memory of earlier events.

Question 60

New methods of measuring infant brain activity have provided excellent support for Piaget's theories about the timing of infant cognitive skill acquisition.

Question 61

The first two-word sentence appears between 18 and 24 months of age.

Question 62

The average newborn triples his weight by _____.

A) 6 months
B) 9 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 years

Question 63

According to Skinner, toddlers with smaller vocabularies have parents who do not talk to them very much.

Question 64

The average North American newborn weighs _____ pounds at birth.

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8

Question 65

Reading to infants has no effect on their language learning because they do not understand most words used in children's books.

Question 66

Clara's weight is in the 30th percentile. This means that _____ percent of all babies her age weigh less than she does and _____ percent of all babies her age weigh more than she does.

A) 30; 70
B) 20; 80
C) 70; 30
D) 80; 20

Question 67

A typical child at 24 months weighs about _____ pounds.

A) 19
B) 28
C) 41
D) 52

Question 68

Slow-wave sleep _____.

A) increases markedly at about 3 or 4 months of age
B) is also known as REM sleep
C) is also known as paradoxical sleep
D) rarely occurs until 2 years of age

Question 69

Parents are told that their newborn is in the 90th percentile for height. This means that their child is _____.

A) above average in height.
B) below average in height.
C) average in height.
D) 90 percent of the desired height for his weight.

Question 70

The dozing, half-awake state often seen in newborns is called _____.

A) REM sleep
B) paradoxical sleep
C) transitional sleep
D) postnatal sleep

Question 71

Jordan's weight is in the 50th percentile. This means that _____.

A) he weighs 50 percent more than other children his age
B) he weighs 50 percent less than other children his age
C) the average weight for his age is 50 percent more than his weight
D) 50 percent of children his age weigh less than he does

Question 72

Alma brought her 6-month-old son to the doctor for a well-baby visit. The doctor says that her son's weight is in the 20th percentile. What does this mean?

A) He is large for his age.
B) He is not growing properly.
C) He is malnourished.
D) He is small compared with other 6-month-olds.

Question 73

A child's proper use of grammar becomes obvious when he or she begins to produce holophrases.

Question 74

Children reach half their adult height by the age of _____ years.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Question 75

A _____ is a ranking between 0 and 100 that compares children of the same age in order to determine whether a particular baby is growing well.

A) normal score
B) standard deviation
C) percentile
D) norm

Question 76

Language acquisition device is Chomsky's term for the infant's inborn ability to learn language.

Question 77

Chomsky argued that babies are born to learn language.

Question 78

According to Skinner, a grandfather who smiles whenever the baby says "pa-pa" is providing reinforcement for talking.

Question 79

Approximately how many hours per day does the average newborn spend asleep?

A) 13 to 14
B) 15 to 17
C) 18 to 19
D) 20 to 21

Question 80

The signs of REM sleep include flickering of the infant's _____.

A) open eyes and rapid brain waves
B) closed eyes and rapid brain waves
C) open eyes and slow, steady brain waves
D) closed eyes and slow, steady brain waves